• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.44-59
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• 2013

The modern people do express their personalities by appearance and actively use the appearance as the social tools, and the attractive appearance largely does influence the human relationship. As the appearance's importance is being magnified, the attractive appearance and favourable impression is an important standard for job performance and social position, and used as the way to reach the social goal. This study does investigate the design's kind and character of the beard which belongs to the male exclusive property and compare the differences of the impression's formation according to the beard design. The empirical results confirmed that the male beard design formated the various impressions according to the designs and their mutual relationship existed. Therefore, the beard is a symbol of maleness and an expression for the social position and personal character, whereas it possesses the very important meaning as the influencing factor on the impression's change. First, the pre stimuli were finished through the pre survey for composition of questionnaire in order to evaluate the impression after selection of experimental models and beard types for measuring instruments. Second, sixty three university students were surveyed by pre stimuli and questionnaire as pre experiment, and afterwards the measuring instruments and experimental design were revised. Third, the stimuli completed (nine beard designs) were intentionally well distributed as questionnaire by sex and ages in Seoul metropolitan and her environment. and the factorial analysis and the coefficient of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability test were completed for questionnaire's validity using SPSS/PC+ Window Ver. 12.0.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-55
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• 1996

This study attempts to analyze the factors affecting the intention of transferring to another hospitals among radiology technologists. 344 cases were reviewed in 5 university hospitals and 1 general hospital. Self-administered questionaire were given to study the socioeconomic characteristics, working conditions, job satisfaction level, and the reasons for transfer among the technologists. The major findings were as follows : 1. Job position and hospital characteristics had a statistically significant relationship with the intention of transferring to another hospital. 2. Those who were not satisfied with their salaries and promotional opportunity showed a higher tendency towards to transfer. 3. Those who were less satisfied with the opportunity for developing the personal ability and had the negative attitude on their job showed a higher tendency to transfer. 4. Those who did not sustain good relationship with their superiors and co-workers scored high on the tendency to transfer. 5. In the result of mutiple regression, recognition of radiation hazard, job satisfaction, satisfaction with salary levels, job attitude were significantly related to transfer. The above indicate that besides economic incentives, job satisfaction and organizational culture to promote their ability and form a good relationship with organization members were very important to decrease the intention of transfer. Since these results represent only 6 hospitals from a limited area, more hospitals nationwide, especially small and medium-sized institutions where there is a high turnover rate of employment, need to be examined in order to investigate the various factors that affect the intention of transferring.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.21-43
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• 2008

The task network which is formed of different individuals can be recognized as a social network. Therefore, the way to communicate with people inside or outside the network has considerable influence on their outcome. Moreover, the position on which a member stands in a network shows the different effects of the information systems supporting communication with others. In this paper, it is to be studied how personal CMC (computer-mediated communication) tools affect the mission that those who work for a network perform through diverse task networks. Especially, we focused on synchronicity of CMC. On this score, the perspective of Media Synchronicity Theory was taken that had been suggested by criticizing Media Richness Theory. It is the objective, from this perspective, to find which characteristics of networks make the value of IT supporting synchronicity high. In the research trends of social networks, there have been two traditional perspectives to explain the effect of network: embeddedness and diversity ones. These differ from the aspect which type of social network can provide much more economic benefits. As similar studies have been reported by various researchers, these are also divided into the bonding and bridging views which are based on internal and external tie, respectively, Size, density, and centrality were measured as the characteristics of personal task networks. Size means the level of relationship between members. It is the total number of other colleagues who work with a specific member for a certain project. It means, the larger the size of task network, the more the number of coworkers who interact each other through the job. Density is the ratio of the number of relationships arranged actually to the total number of available ones. In an ego-centered network, it is defined as the ratio of the number of relationship made really to the total number of possible ones between members who are actually involved each other. The higher the level of density, the larger the number of projects on which the members collaborate. Centrality means that his/her position is on the exact center of whole network. There are several methods to measure it. In this research, betweenness centrality was adopted among them. It is measured by the position on which one member stands between others in a network. The determinant to raise its level is the shortest geodesic that represents the shortest distance between members. Centrality also indicates the level of role as a broker among others. To verify the hypotheses, we interviewed and surveyed a group of employees of a nationwide financial organization in which a groupware system is used. They were questioned about two CMC applications: MSN with a higher level of synchronicity and email with a lower one. As a result, the larger the size of his/her own task network, the smaller its density and the higher the level of his/her centrality, the higher the level of the effect using the task network with CMC tools. Above all, this positive effect is verified to be much more produced while using CMC applications with higher-level synchronicity. Among the a variety of situations under which the use of CMC gives more benefits, this research is considered as one of rare cases regarding the characteristics of task network as moderators by focusing ITs for the operation of his/her own task network. It is another contribution of this research to prove empirically that the values of information system depend on the social, or comparative, characteristic of time. Though the same amount of time is shared, the social characteristics of users change its value. In addition, it is significant to examine empirically that the ITs with higher-level synchronicity have the positive effect on productivity. Many businesses are worried about the negative effect of synchronous ITs, for their employees are likely to use them for personal social activities. However. this research can help to dismiss the concern against CMC tools.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.10 no.2 s.26
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• pp.73-84
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• 2001

The main purpose of this paper is to show that the new paradigm of a period can be constructed by the reinterpretation of the historical precedents or the dialectical mediation between the old and new. We can tell this process the creative dialogue between the past and present. The continuity and rupture, the renovation and succession of the tradition can be understand by this interpretive insight that opens the new horizon in architecture. In oder to prove this preconception this paper analyses the ideas and design principles of Le Corbusier. By showing how his main ideas and principles are formulated we can understand his unique position as a modernist and characteristics of his architecture. It is also the another purpose of this paper. This paper first looks into various aspects of his architecture and his personal background, then Investigates his unique approach to historical precedents. By the imaginative eye and comparison with inspiration he connected contemporary situation to the tradition and was able to deduce a new paradigm in architecture. His way of making relationship with the past was a priori, dialectical, and fundamentalistic. He always searched for universal norm, eternal rules, and timeless principles which are also modern and new. This both side shows well his characteristics and his architecture. Eventually he could invent a Modern language of architecture by the several ways of dialogue between the modem and the classical, new technology and old convention. We can say that his way of dialogue is a kind of reinterpretation of the historical precedents which enables open the future of architecture.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.449-457
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between radiation origin and health professionals, and to reduce exposed dose of radiation through efficient management. Increasing exposed dose of radiation to health professionals are caused by the increase of PET/CT use and a radioactive isotope. Hence, in this study, space dose from each origin of radiation generating was analyzed and the use of personnel protective clothing and shields was compared. As a result of this study, we confirmed that the exposed dose of radiation was much higher in case of wearing personnel protective clothing(0.5 mm pb) than no wearing personnel protective clothing under high energy gamma radiation(511 keV) of the position emitter($^{18}F$).

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.356-364
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• 2011

Purpose: This descriptive study was to examine the effect factors on health promotion lifestyle of shift work nurses. Methods: The 418 working nurses who completed questionnaires with consent were analysed. Results: The average level of health promotion lifestyle of shift work nurses was 2.21 and it was significantly lower than 2.36 of fixed work nurses. In shift work nurses, the highest health promotion lifestyle was personal relationship of 2.79 and the lowest was physical activity of 1.58. The young, shorter shift work duration, unmarried and general nurses were evaluated as not-healthy diet. The old, longer shift work duration and married showed less physical activity. Less self-efficacy and more job stress, depression, fatigue showed lower health promotion lifestyle. Conclusion: Self-efficacy on health behavior of shift work nurses was the most effective factor on all areas of health promotion. Therefore, we need to develop a health promotion program including self-efficacy encouragement. We suggest that this program be more effective when more precisely characterized according to age, marital status, shift work duration, job position, and psychological problems such as depression and fatigue.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 2020

Objectives: This study identified factors impacting radiation knowledge among aircrew, who are affected by cosmic radiation exposure due to their occupational environment. Methods: In September 2019 we conducted an online survey of aircrew through a Google link. We evaluated the level of radiation knowledge using a ten-item (10 points) questionnaire. The following exploratory variables were evaluated in relationship with the level of radiation knowledge using univariable linear regression models: sex, age, duration of employment, position level, company, marriage, education level, personal/family history of disease, and the number of times acquiring information on radiation through various channels (internet searching, watching television, reading newspaper, conversation about radiation with aircrew/non-aircrew, in-house training). With a p of 0.2 in univariable models, we built a multivariable linear regression model using a stepwise selection method. Results: The average radiation knowledge score of the 356 respondents was 7.22. Univariable linear regression analysis showed that radiation knowledge of the aircrew was associated with their company, position level, age, and number of conversations with other aircrew members. Our multivariable model showed that the radiation knowledge level of aircrew decreased as they had more conversations about radiation with other aircrew members and as their age increased. Conclusions: Korean air crew showed a lower level of radiation knowledge as their age and the number of conversations with colleagues increased. The study suggests that more education is needed in order for aircrew to gain accurate radiation knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.21 no.4 s.54
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• pp.329-352
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• 2004

In this knowledge-based society of this age, librarianship takes a professional position and requires essential principles of ethics that has to be observed. Therefore, library associations and professional communities all over the world have released criteria and code of ethics to make their professional positions to keep. This research investigated and analyzed the codes of ethics for librarians in United States, Great Britain, Japan, and South Korea which are based on the mission of each library of each country. Based on these analysis and comparison, this research proposed more advanced codes of ethics for South Korea. The proposed model of codes of ethics consists of two parts: ethics for information and ethics for professional positions. The ethics for information contains six essential elements: equal access and services for information, denial of inspection, protection of privacy, neutralization of librarian, and security of intellectual freedom. The ethics for professional positions consists of 8 essential aspects: exclusion of personal benefit, continuous efforts for developing knowledge, keep the professional position, conflicts between professional task and organization, relationship with co-workers, ensure the conditions of rights and welfare for employees, cooperations among libraries, and contribution for creation of new culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.71-82
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• 2011

This study set out to investigate the identity of everyday headgear, which is often found in many paintings of Tongshinsa, Joseon diplomatic missions to Japan, in the 18th century. That resembles Yu-geon儒巾, but on the top of the headgear are lappets like a roof. The study proceeded as follows: 1) The painting of Tongshjnsa parade in 1711 was used to analyze wearers of everyday headgear because titles of position are shown for each one. 2) Personal records of Tongshinsa in the 18th century were analyzed to examine the cases of everyday headgear. 3) Cases of everyday headgear in literature around the 18th century were examined. Those researches revealed three findings: 1) The names of everyday headgear with a roof shaped top are Gohu-gwan高厚冠 and Yeonyeop-gwan蓮葉冠. 2) Among Tongshinsa, wearers of Gohu-gwan or Yeonyeop-gwan are medical staff, interpreters, painters, and secretaries. However, it doesn't seem to have been distinction between the two types according to social class and position. 3) People wore everyday headgear, that resembled the two types in appearance, such as Mjnja-geon民字巾, Sunyang-geon純陽巾, Hwayang-geon華陽巾, Jeon-geon戰巾, or Jang-geon將巾 in China and Joseon around the 18th century. Among them, Sunyang-geon and Hwayang-geon seem to have had the closest relationship with Gohu-gwan and Yeonyeop-gwan in terms of shape and character of wearers. The analysis of the research findings led to the two following conclusions: 1) Gohu-gwan and Yeonyeop-gwan were worn as one of everyday headgear to represent appearances of a scholar. 2) Gohu-gwan and Yeonyeop-gwan could be changed versions of the similar everyday headgear or different names of them.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.12
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• pp.1690-1698
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• 2018

Recent advances in ICT technology have transformed many of our daily lives and attracted a lot of attention to personal health. Heart beat measurement that reflects cardiac activities has been used in various fields such as exercise evaluation and psychological state evaluation for a long time, but its utilization method is limited due to its differentiation from clinical electrocardiogram. Therefore, in this study, we could observe the change of the measured signal according to the change of the distance and the position of the measuring electrodes which are non-standard electrode configuration. Based on the electric dipole model of the heart, correlation with clinical electrocardiogram could be confirmed by synthesizing multiple surface potentials measured with a shorter electrode distance than standard one. From the electromagnetic point of view, the distance between the measuring electrodes corresponds to the distance that the electric potential by the cardiac electric dipole moves, and the electric potential measured at the body surface is proportional to the moving distance of the electric potential. Therefore, it is preferable to make the distance between electrodes as long as possible, and to position the measuring electrode close to the ventricle rather than the atrium. In addition, it was found that standard electrocardiographic waveforms could be synthesized by using arithmetic sum of multiple measuring electrodes due to the relationship of electrical dipole vectors, which is obtained by dividing and positioning a plurality of measuring electrodes on a reference electrode line, such as Lead-I, Lead-II direction. Also, we obtained a significant Pearson correlation coefficient ($r=0.9113{\pm}0.0169$) as a result of synthetic experiments on four subjects.