• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.496-505
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• 2009

This study was conducted to provide basic data and insight into behaviors that result in increased continuous sales and competitiveness. This was done by examining the effect of personal involvement on customer satisfaction and trust, the effect of customer satisfaction on switching cost and loyalty, the effect of trust on switching cost and loyalty and by analyzing the indirect effect of trust and loyalty to personal involvement on switching cost and loyalty of the patrons of casual dining restaurants. In order to achieve the goals of the study, a hypothesis and structural equation were proposed based on preceding research and the proposed model was analyzed using LISREL 8.30 to prove the hypothesis and better understand the interactions between the cause and effect. The results were as follows: Six proposed hypothesis were chosen and the indirect effect was verified. In other words, customers' personal involvement was shown to have an effect on trust and devotion and satisfaction influenced switching cost and loyalty. Trust had an effect on switching cost and loyalty and by analyzing the indirect effect the customers' personal involvement was shown to affect the switching cost and loyalty through satisfaction and trust. The result of this analysis provides clues to better understand the eating-out behavior of customers and proves that personal involvement, satisfaction, trust, switching cost and loyalty are directly and indirectly related.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.249-261
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• 2001

Today's health care environment is rapidly changing and nurse administrators' leadership styles need to identify in nursing organization to achieve organizational objectives. By Bass(1985), transformational leadership stimulates the subordinates to be creative and achieve organizational objectives and is related to job satisfaction, job involvement, productivity, and organizational commitment. Transformational leadership process consists of charisma, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of transformational leadership and personal characteries on nurses' job involvement. The subjects for this study consisted of 594 nurses from 8 University Hospitals and General Hospitals. The data were collected by personal characteristics scale, transformational leadership scale, and job involvement scale. The factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used for the statistical method. The results of this study were found that (1) charisma dimension of transformational leadership has positive influence on nurses' job involvement ; but another two dimensions (intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration) did not showed significant effect on job involvement (2) nurses' personal characteristic (internal locus of control) moderated the effect of transformational leadership on job involvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.7
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• pp.51-66
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• 2011

The study is intended to suggest the differentiated and subdivided indexes of the leisure fashion market and to provide the marketing strategy establishment and in-depth understanding of leisure fashion business by looking into the correlation between and among fashion involvement, clothing selection criteria and fashion information sources. This study was conducted by the questionnaire response method and the results were derived by using the SPSS 16.0 statistics program. The results of the study were as follows; 1) As a result of researching the difference between the leisure activities consumer groups and fashion involvement, there were significant differences in emotional and cognitive involvement. In the tour activity group and social activity group, emotional involvement was found to be higher than the cognitive experience while in the hobby and sports activity group, both involvements were equally as high. 2) As a result of researching the difference between the leisure activities groups and clothing selection criteria, it was found that the intrinsic and extrinsic criteria were high in the hobby and sports activity group and that the intrinsic criteria was high in the tour activity group and social activity group. 3) In the difference between the leisure activity groups and fashion information sources, it was found that media source, observation source and experience/personal source were high in the hobby and sports activity group. In addition, the experience and personal source were high in the social activity group. 4) In the difference between and among fashion involvement, clothing selection criteria and fashion information sources, it was found that the emotional involvement, intrinsic criteria and observation source were higher in the group of females than males. 5) In the difference between and among fashion involvement, clothing selection criteria and fashion information sources depending on the ages of leisure activities consumers, it was found that the emotional involvement and observation source were high in the group of 20-24 yrs old consumers and that the emotional involvement, intrinsic criteria and observation source were high in the group of 25-29 yrs old consumers. Also, in the group of 30-34 yrs old consumers, the emotional involvement, observation source and experience/personal source were high.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2012

Many factors influence food choices and many studies show personal traits that influence food choices, which can be called food neophobia and food involvement. For example, an individual's food-related tastes are thought to certainly influence personal food choices. This study aimed to determine food choice motives, the food neophobia scale (FNS) and food involvement scale (FIS) of Asians staying in or leaving Korea, and the relationship of those personal traits and food choice motives. Subjects (N=370) completed a questionnaire consisting of food choice motives (15 questions), FNS (10 questions), FIS (12 questions) and socio-demographic conditions (10 questions). Items were analyzed to determine the differences according to nationality using ANOVA. Factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted to identify the indicators of food choice motives. And correlation analysis was conducted to confirm the relationship between food choice motives and food neophobia / food involvement. The result of analysis suggests that food neophobia and food involvement affect food choice motives and that food choice motives are unique to ethnicity and culture.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.99-116
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is, to analyze the relationship between level of clothing involvement and use of information sources. Data was obtained from 130 middle-elderly women living in Chonju, Iri. And it was analyzed by frequency, percent, mean, ANOVA, $\chi$2-testk. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Groups were divided into high and low involvement according to involvement level. 2) The higher was clothing involvement, the lower was age, the higher was education, and the more was income. 3) The higher was clothing involvement, the higher was use df information sources. Groups used mostly information sources by personal media or observation, experience. 4) The high income group used impersonal information source, the low income group used mostly personal information source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.386-398
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• 2013

This study analyzes the effect of clothing involvement using meta-analysis. Metal-analysis (the analysis of analyses) is widely used in various academic areas to integrate individual empirical studies and generalize the knowledge of a specific research field. Previous studies regarding clothing involvement published since 1990 were researched from the KISS database using clothing involvement and fashion involvement as a keyword; subsequently, 127 articles were identified. Studies that had insufficient statistics or included clothing involvement as a moderating (or intervening variable) were eliminated; subsequently, 36 articles provided a total of 75 data sets that were used for the final analysis. Dependent variables were grouped into 10 categories to compare the differences between high and low involvement groups. The effect size of clothing involvement was large in non-personal information source; however, it was small in utility, brand royalty and quality. In the 7 categories of relational studies that showed homogeneity, the relation size regarding conformity was smaller than the personal information source.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.467-482
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• 1996

This study was carried out to measure the degree of organizational commitment, job involvement, and role stress of clinical nurses, and to identify the relationships among personal characteristics, role stress, organizational commitment and job involvement in clinical nurses. The subjects were consisted of 412 nurses who were working at three General Hospitals in Chonbuk. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaire from Sept. 20 to Sept. 31, 1995. The instruments used in this study were Organizational Commitment Scale developed by Mowday et al. and Job Involvement Scale developed by Kanungo. The role stress was measured by the scale developed by Rizzo( : role conflict, role ambiguity) and Beehr( : role overload). T-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test and pearson's correlation coefficient were used for data ana1isis. Major findings were as follows : 1. Mean scores for organizational commitment were 3.008, job involvement 3.074, and role stress 2. 815( :role conflict 2.802, role ambiguity 2.253, role overload 3.294) on a 5 point scale. 2. All of personal characteristics were significantly related to the level of organizational commitment : age（r＝.481, p＝.000）, clinical experience（r＝ .479, p＝.000）, educational level（t＝4.11, p＝ .000）, position（F＝30.867, p＝.000）, marital status（t＝-5.63, p＝.000） and hospital agency （F＝21.374, p＝.000）. 3. All of personal characteristics were significantly related to the level of job involvement : age（r＝ .381, p＝.000）, clinical experience（r＝.393, p＝ .000）, educational level（t＝3.72, p＝.000）, position（F=18.004, p＝.000）, marital status（t＝-4. 91, p＝.000） and hospital agency（F=39.441, p＝ .000）. 4. There was a negative relationship between role stress and organizational commitment（r＝-.519, p＝.000）. 5. There was a negative relationship between role stress and job involvement（r＝-.256, p＝.000）. 6. There was a positive relationship between organizational commitment and job involvement （r＝.591, p＝.000）.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.732-742
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• 2014

The provision of welfare services to the disabled in Korea are still insufficient to meet the demand and the delivery system of the service is organized largely from the viewpoint of the suppliers. In order to guarantee the user right to choice, the shift of the policy paradigm supporting autonomy, self-directedness and the right to control of the users appears to be important. The present study explores the theoretical discussion in the field of the welfare of the disabled about user involvement. Then it investigates the German case of 'personal budgets' aimed to strengthen the user involvement and draws some policy implications for Korea. The study confirms that the introduction of 'personal budgets' aimed to realization of the self-determination of the disabled has contributed for the reinforcement of user involvement in welfare policies for the disabled. This new policy program 'personal budgets' based on the idea of the realization of the right to self-determination appears to transform the general nature of the welfare system for the disabled in Germany by transforming the payment methods.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.12
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• pp.99-119
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• 2003

A model is proposed for the role of emotional intensity of a web site, and the moderating influence of product involvement, in the Integrative Framework of persuasion (Meyers-Levy and Malvaiya 1999). The model also appropriately operationalizes the constructs emotional intensity of a web site and product involvement The three routes to persuasion, Central, Peripheral, and Experiential correspond to high, moderate, and low involvement (Meyers-Levy and Malaviya 1999). The involvement construct is measured from message recipients using the Personal Product Inventory (Pill, which was developed to capture the concept of product involvement (Zaichkowsky 1985). The conceptualization of the Personal Product Inventory is a contextrree measure that also has robust psychometric properties when applied to advertisements (Zaichkowsky 1994). The propositions highlight the expected importance of emotional intensity of a web site. The moderating influence of product involvement is also proposed. Specifically, what this work proposes is that the emotional intensity of a product site has a larger impact on attitude change under low product involvement, as opposed to moderate product involvement. Support for this reasoning can be found in the persuasion literature (Petty et al 1986). The Petty et al (1986) frame work is a dual process descriptive and predictive frame work in the area of altitude formation and change. Recently, Myers Levy and Malaviya (1999) have proposed a tri-process framework. This is in tum based on the dual process model of Petty et al. (1986). The study outlined in this paper aims to deepen the Meyers Levy and Malaviya (1999) and frame work. The propositions outlined in the model are empirically tested using a repeated measures experimental design. The emotional intensity is measured using a scale that is based on experts judgments. Using a paired comparison t-test two sites are determined to be of high and low emotional intensity. The model is tested using a repeated measures experimental design. The first independent variable Emotional Intensity of the site is manipulated. The Second independent variable, Personal Product Inventory is measured. While, the dependent variable, product altitude change will also be measured. Utilizing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the data is analyzed using SPSS. The results suggest that besides the rational content of messages their emotional content can also influence attitude change. Specifically, it is proposed that the manipulation of emotional intensity of a product Web site has a greater impact on product altitudes under high and low product involvement conditions, rather than moderate product involvement. However, the results for product involvement as a continuous variable has a p value of 0.09. Further, the results for three levels of product involvement were far from significant. For two levels of product involvement also, the results were insignificant, the p value approached 0.20. This evidence indicates that it is premature to conclude that there are three routes to persuasion. A caveat, however, must be added, in that the manipulations may not have been strong enough to test the proposed hypotheses. Further, undoubtedly, there is unequivocal evidence the emotional intensity of a product Web site, as measured here, has a direct impact on product attitudes.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.569-581
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• 2019

This study investigated differences in cosmetic buying behavior and personal characteristics between cosmetic involvement groups. Cosmetics buying behavior refers to reason for using cosmetics, use of information sources, selection criteria, place of purchase, use/non-use of cosmetics, purchase propensity, purchase frequency, purchase amount, and satisfaction with cosmetics. Personal characteristic contains pursuing image, age, residence area, job, and average household monthly income. Data was collected from 5-10 December 2016, from 308 females in their 20s using an internet survey. The analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and chi-square tests. The respondents were divided into two groups (a high cosmetic involvement group and a low cosmetic involvement group) according to the degree of cosmetic involvement. The results of t-tests revealed significant differences between groups in terms of reasons for using cosmetics, use of information sources, selection criteria, purchase frequency, place of purchase, use/non-use of cosmetics, and satisfaction with cosmetics. The results of Mann-Whitney U tests highlighted a significant difference in purchase frequency between both groups. The results of chi-square tests indicated significant differences in purchase frequency, purchase amount, pursuing image, and average household monthly income. However, no significant differences were evident in terms of purchase propensity, age, job, and area of residence between groups.