• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2016

Background: Previous research has shown that paramedics are exposed to risks in the form of injuries to the musculoskeletal system. In addition, there are studies showing that they are also at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and psychiatric diseases, which can partly be explained by their constant exposure to stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the use of shoulder straps decreases physical effort in the form of decreased heart rate and cortisol concentration. Methods: A stretcher with a dummy was carried by 20 participants for 400 m on two occasions, one with and one without the shoulder straps. Heart rate was monitored continuously and cortisol samples were taken at intervals of 0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes. Each participant was her or his own control. Results: A significant decrease in heart rate and cortisol concentration was seen when shoulder straps were used. The median values for men (with shoulder straps) at 0 minutes was 78 bpm/21.1 nmol/L (heart rate/cortisol concentration), at 15 minutes was 85 bpm/16.9 nmol/L, and at 60 minutes was 76 bpm/15.7 nmol/L; for men without shoulder straps, these values were 78 bpm/21.9 nmol/L, 93 bpm/21.9 nmol/L, and 73 bpm/20.5 nmol/L. For women, the values were 85 bpm/23.3 nmol/L, 92 bpm/20.8 nmol/L, and 70 bpm/18.4 nmol/L and 84 bpm/32.4 nmol/L, 100 bpm/32.5 nmol/L, and 75 bpm/25.2 nmol/L, respectively. Conclusion: The use of shoulder straps decreases measurable physical stress and should therefore be implemented when heavy equipment or a stretcher needs to be carried. An easy way to ensure that staff use these or similar lifting aids is to provide them with personalized, well-adapted shoulder straps. Another better option would be to routinely sewn these straps into the staff's personal alarm jackets so they are always in place and ready to be used.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the urinary nicotine and cotinine concentration in 126 smokers and 143 nonsmokers. While urine samples were being collected, personal characteristics related to smoking habit such as sex, age, number of years since a person has been a smoker, average number of cigarettes consumed per day, and number of smokers in the family were surveyed. Urinary nicotine and cotinine concentration were analyzed by GC/NPD. The smokers smoked an average 17.0 cigarettes per day and the average concentration of nicotine and cotinine was 3.88 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 3.64 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. The average number of smokers in the family was 0.72 persons and the average concentration of nicotine and cotinine were 0.11 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in the urine of non-smokers, respectively. The concentration of nicotine and cotnine in smoker\`s urine was dependent on the number of cigarettes smoked per day(p<0.01). The number of years since a person had been a smoker, and the number of smokers in the family were not associated with the concentration of nicotine and cotinine. Also there was no significant effects of passive smoking on the family of smokers by the level of nicotine and cotinine concentration. We describe the relationship between smoking habit as assessed by urinary nicotine and cotinine excretion. This study provides an evidence for the assessment of active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2021

선원은 해운물류에 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 하지만 선원직은 상당기간동안 선박에 승선해야하며 고립되어 근무를 하기 때문에 정신질환에 상대적으로 취약하다. 특히, COVID-19로 인한 팬데믹 상황에서 세계 곳곳의 항만 폐쇄로 선원교대가 지연되고 있어 선원들에게 정신적인 부담이 가중되고 있다. 이러한 선원들의 정신적인 문제는 인명 및 선박의 대형 사고로 이어질 수 있기 때문에 선원들의 정신건강관리가 중요하다. 본 논문은 설문조사를 통하여 선원들의 정신건강관리에 대한 필요성을 확인하고 현재 운영되고 있는 정신건강관리 프로그램과 교육과정에 대한 문제점을 식별하였다. 또한 식별된 문제점에 대하여 VR기술 기반의 개선방안을 제시하여 선원들이 적기에 정신질환에 대한 상담치료를 받을 수 있도록 도우며 민감한 개인정보 노출을 방지하여 선원들의 정신적인 부담을 줄일 수 있도록 제안하였다. 이를 통하여 안전한 선원근무 환경을 구축하여 원활한 물류산업 발전에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations and relationships of coarse particles with a diameter of 10 ㎛ (PM₁₀) with endotoxins according to the time of measurement in windowless poultry houses. Methods: In this study, measurement was performed on ten windowless poultry houses with a vertically integrated system from July to November. PM₁₀ was measured using personal environmental monitors and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters with a 4 L/min-calibrated pump in selected sampling locations (two near the door and two near an exhaust fan). The endotoxin on PTFE filter was analyzed by the LAL turbidimetric method. Results: The range of geometric mean concentrations of PM₁₀ and endotoxins for each of the 38 samples were 0.12-3.30 mg/m³ and 11.9-3553.66 EU/m³, respectively. PM₁₀ and endotoxin concentrations varied by farm, increasing with the decrease in ventilation. The range of the coefficient of determination between PM₁₀ and endotoxin was 0.0009-0.9249. As the atmospheric temperature decreased, it was confirmed that the concentrations of PM₁₀ and endotoxin increased because the volume of ventilation was decreased. Conclusions: Endotoxins were more affected by time of measurement and ventilation than PM₁₀, which means that endotoxins could be an important indicator for intervention programs for improvement of indoor environments.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1523-1537
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• 2018

AI 스피커는 간단한 동작으로 음악재생, 온라인 검색 등 사용자에게 유용한 기능을 제공하고 있으며, 이에 따라 AI 스피커 시장은 현재 매우 빠른 속도로 성장하고 있다. 그러나 AI 스피커는 항시 사용자의 음성을 대기하고 있어 보안 위협에 노출될 경우 도청, 개인정보 노출 등 심각한 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이에 모든 AI 스피커의 전반적으로 향상된 보안을 제공하기 위해 발생 가능한 보안 위협을 식별하고 체계적인 취약점 점검을 위한 방안이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 점유율이 높은 제품 4개를 선정하여 보안위협모델링을 수행하였다. Data Flow Diagram, STRIDE, LINDDUN 위협모델링을 통해 체계적이고 객관적인 취약점 점검을 위한 체크리스트를 도출하였으며, 이후 체크리스트를 이용하여 실제 기기에 대한 취약점 점검을 진행하였다. 마지막으로 취약점 점검 결과 및 각 제품에 대한 취약점 비교 분석을 통해 AI 스피커의 보안성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2011

최근 개인정보보호법 제정으로 온라인 회원등록시 본인확인과정에 주민등록번호를 사용하지 않는 방안이 필요한 상황이다. 대부분의 웹사이트는 주민등록번호를 사용하지 않는 신원확인 방안으로 아이핀(i-PIN)을 사용하고 있다. 하지만, 아이핀의 경우 고정된 정보(아이디, 패스워드) 값만 탈취하면 개인정보유출의 위험이 있다. 본 논문에서는 OTP를 이용하여 비연결성을 보장하는 신원 확인할 수 있는 방안을 제안한다. 제안된 방식은 웹사이트 회원가입시 아이디, 패스워드 같이 일관된 정보를 사용하지 않고, 웹사이트마다 각기 다른 정보로 회원가입을 하기 때문에 개인정보보호에 활용 가치가 높을 것이다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

사물인터넷 기술 발전으로 스마트 차, 스마트 헬스케어, 스마트 홈, 스마트 팜 등 다양한 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기반 서비스가 확대되고 있다. 새로운 환경의 등장함에 따라 개인정보 또는 기업 기밀 등 중요 정보에 대한 노출 가능성, 해킹으로 인한 금전적인 피해 사례, 악의적인 공격기법으로 인한 인명피해 등 다양한 문제가 지속하여 발생하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 홈 기반의 안전한 통신을 수행하고, 사용자 데이터 보호를 위한 메시지 통신프로토콜을 제안한다. 세부 과정으로 스마트 홈 환경에서 안전한 디바이스 등록, 메시지 인증 프로토콜, 갱신프로토콜을 새롭게 설계하였다. 스마트 홈 서비스 관련 보안 요구사항을 참고하여 대표 공격기법에 대한 안정성을 검증하고, 성능을 비교분석을 수행한 결과 통신 측면 약 50%, 서명검증 측면 약 25%의 효율성을 확인했다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.559-570
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• 2021

음주를 유발하는 사회환경요인 중 하나인 주류광고와 마케팅 규모는 매년 확대되고 있으며, 음주폐해 또한 그 심각성이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 성인 2000명을 대상으로, 주류광고, 주류 판촉마케팅 노출 경험이 음주동기, 음주수준을 매개로 음주폐해에 끼치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 주류광고와 주류 판촉마케팅 노출 경험은 여성보다 남성이 더 높았으며, 음주동기, 음주수준, 음주폐해 또한 남성이 더 높게 나타났다. 주류광고와 주류 판촉마케팅 노출 경험은 음주폐해에 직접적으로 영향을 끼치며, 경험이 많을수록 음주폐해도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 음주동기와 음주수준은 주류광고와 주류 판촉마케팅의 노출 경험이 음주폐해에 끼치는 영향을 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 음주폐해예방을 위해 음주 폐해를 발생시키는 사회 환경인 주류광고와 주류 판촉마케팅에 대한 규제를 강화하고 음주폐해예방을 위해 개인의 인식 개선 접근과 함께 환경적·제도적 차원에서의 개입이 유기적으로 이루어져야함을 제언하였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2022

Background: Recently, there have been various developments in medical service robots (MSRs). However, few studies have examined the perceptions of those who use it. The purpose of this study is to identify user perceptions of MSRs. Methods: We conducted a survey of 320 patients, doctors, and nurses. The contents of the survey were organized as follows: external appearances, perceptions, expected utilization, possible safety accidents, and awareness of their responsibilities. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of variance. Results: The most preferred appearance was the animal type, with a screen. The overall average score of positive questions was 3.64±0.98 of 5 points and that of negative questions was 3.24±0.99. Thus, the results revealed that the participants had positive perceptions of MSR. The overall average of all expected utilization was 4.05±0.84. The most expected utilization was to guide hospital facilities. The most worrisome accident was exposure to personal information. Moreover, participants thought that the overall responsibility of the robot user (hospital) was greater than that of the robot manufacturer in the case of safety accidents. Conclusion: The perceptions of MSRs used in hospital wards were positive, and the overall expected utilization was high. It is necessary to recognize safety accidents for such robots, and sufficient attention is required when developing and manufacturing robots.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2022

The taste preference for cheese is primarily dependent on an individual's habitual experience, such as personal memories since childhood. Cheese is not a traditional food in Korea, and therefore, the liking of cheese is acquired mainly through the exposure to European natural cheese by frequent travels rather than habitual experience. Although Korean dairy farms started the production of European style natural cheese because of surplus milk undulation, yet its demand has been consistently increasing in the last decade. Most of the mountain cheese variety in Europe are produced during the summer season on mountain pastures, especially in countries surrounded by the Alps. Nevertheless, not only consumers but also mountain cheese producers cannot comprehensively explain the differences in the nutritional properties of the milk from cows that grazed on mountain pasture and cows that were raised indoors. As the demand for cheese consumption is steadily increasing in Korea, it is necessary to study the effects of providing marketing information regarding the health conditions and rearing system of dairy cows in relation to the nutritional composition of cheese. In addition to the marketing focus on health-promoting unsaturated fatty acid composition of milk and cheese, the relationship between providing the marketing information on the raising environments of cows and the overall liking of mountain cheese were also investigated.