• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1971

The present study was carried out in order to investigate seasonal variation in tannin, sugar and protein contents of persimmon fruits, Five varieties of Diospyros kaki Thunberg, i. e, Buyoo, Wolha, Kapjubackmok, Pyungmuhek, Heuksi, and Goyom (Diospyros Lotus Linne var. typica Makino) growing in Jeonbug area were used as the experimental material. The result are summarized as follow; 1. Maximum tannin contents were 4% in Buyoo, 5.46% in Wolha, 5.4l% in Kapjubackmok, 5.1 % in Pyungmuhek, 9.2% in Heuksi, and 26.1% in Goyom, respectively. Therefore, Heuksi and Goyom were considered to be the most useful as tannin material. 2. The most suitable season for tannin extraction was thought to be July with most varieties but it was August with Goyom. 3. The total sugar contents seemed to increse linearly. Linear regressions are as follows. Buyoo ; $\hat{Y}=0.2394x+3.861$ Wolha ; $\hat{Y}=0.3093x-1.148$ Kapjubackmok ; $\hat{Y}=0.3173x-1.3708$ Pyungmuhek ; $\hat{Y}=0.2796x+0.982$ Heuksi ; $\hat{Y}=0.3233x-3.242$ Goyom ; $\hat{Y}=0.1555x-4.780$ 4. Average crude protein contents of fruits through the year were 5.32% in Buyoo, 4.97% in Kapjubackmok, 4.49% in Goyom, 4.11% in Wolha, 4.02% in Heuksi, and 3.6% in Pyungmuhek, respectively. 5. The crude protein contents tend to decrease gradually after fruit setting.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.437-448
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• 2013

Hemipteran bugs, which were previously considered as secondary pests, have currently become important pests of numerous crops. Among them, Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) is a major species that occurs in Korea, Japan, China, and South Asian countries. Riptortus pedestris infests leguminous crops like soybean, vetches, and red clover; fruit trees like persimmon and yuju; and grains like barley, foxtail millet, broomcorn, and sorghum. Riptortus pedestris causes the greatest damage to soybean, as it is the most suitable host for the bug. Feeding damage during pod formation significantly reduces the yield of soybean. Currently, 17 insecticides, including diazinon and etofenprox, are registered for the control of hemipteran bugs in Korea, and growers apply insecticides two to three times on a regular basis. Aggregation pheromone traps are widely used as a monitoring tool and partial control measure. The aggregation pheromone of R. pedestris attracts conspecific adults and nymphs and is used for food exploitation rather than sexual attraction. In addition, the pheromone serves as a kairomone for egg parasitoids such as Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) and Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii. As a new method of pest management, nonviable host eggs were included in the pheromone trap to catch R. pedestris and propagate parasitoids. As a part of cultural practices, resistant soybean varieties with specific color and size of pod and control of flowering time through the alteration of planting date can be used. For the effective management of R. pedestris in the near future, development of cultural practices that can support natural control factors and the use of multiple control tactics are needed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.526-532
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• 2010

Changes in the nutritional components of Daebong-gam (astringent persimmon) fruit were studied during ripening. The pH rose during ripening and total acidity level fell, from pH 5.36 to pH 5.96 and 0.13% to 0.06%, respectively. Total soluble content did not significantly change. Lightness, redness, and yellowness values, as well as ascorbic acid content, decreased during ripening. The levels of moisture, crude protein, and crude fat also decreased, but nitrogen-free content and crude ash level increased. Daebong-gam was rich in K (96.31~239.47 mg/100 g), P (49.10~55.93 mg/100 g), and Na (15.96~18.13 mg/100 g). Fructose and glucose levels were initially high and increased further during ripening. The glucose content was 4.82% in Daebong-gam, 6.73% in Ban-si, and 7.10% Yeon-Si, respectively. Proline, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid were present at high levels in Daebong-gam. The most common fatty acids were palmitic acid and linolenic acid. Succinic acid was the principal organic acid present.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6646-6651
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• 2014

This study was carried out to find the social welfare effects of agricultural outlook information service for fruit in Korea. The goals of an agricultural outlook information service are to improve the efficiency of the agricultural product market, and stabilize the farmer's income and consumer price. This paper introduces the results of econometric analysis for the effects of social welfare benefits. According to the results of econometric analysis for the citrus industry, the effects of the social welfare benefits were estimated to be 15,228 million KRW on apples (ratio of the total revenue, 1.5%), 3,154 million KRW on pears (ratio of the total revenue, 1.8%), 1,936 million KRW on peaches (ratio of the total revenue, 0.9%), 5,211 million KRW on grapes (ratio of the total revenue, 1.0%), 44,976 million KRW on citrus (ratio of the total revenue, 5.4%), and 2,590 million KRW on sweet persimmon (ratio of the total revenue, 0.8%) in 2012.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.865-869
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• 1996

Biological effect of aqueous extracts of 12 plants which showed superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity in vitro was evaluated using Drosophila melanogaster. Survival percentage of the flies was a criterion of effect when the flies were exported to paraquat, which generated superoxide anion radical in vivo. When flies were co-administered with paraquat and aqueous extracts of garlic, lettuce, kiwi, and nameko, they showed no defensive effect against of oxygen toxicity. If flies were exposed to 60 mM paraquat after adaptation to feed containing plant extracts with SOD-like activity for 10 days, however, survival percentage of flies fed with phytochemicals was $35{\sim}63%$ while that percentage of flies fed without phytochemical was only 11%. This result indicated that adaptation of flies to plant extracts with SOD-like activity could prevent the flies from oxidative injury. On the other hand, lettuce, kiwi, nameko, onion, persimmon, fern brake and cauliflower showed a reparative effect on an oxidative stress. Dropwort, shiitake, agaric mushroom and broccoli did not show such an effect.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2012

An outbreak of Ricania sp. occurred in the Kurye, Jeonnam area in 2011. This outbreak damaged many kinds of fruit trees such as Cornus, Persimmon and Chestnut. This experiment was conducted to survey the occurrence ecology of Ricania sp. such as host plants, oviposition characters, morphological characters and life cycle, as well as to select environmental friendly control agents. Ricaina sp. host plants included 51 species such as 32 xylophytes, and 19 herbaceous plants. Ricaina sp. preferred Cornus officinalis, Diospyros kaki, Castanea crenata, Eucommia ulmoides, Styrax japonicus for oviposition. Adults laid eggs on new inner twigs with 28.8 eggs per egg-mass. Egg size was 1.24 mm(length), 0.55 mm(width) in an oval shape. Nymphs molted four times. Every nymph stage had an x shape of yellow or white beeswax around the anus. Overwintered eggs of Ricania sp. hatched from the mid May to early June. Nymphal periods were from mid May to mid August and adults appeared from mid July but spawning began in mid August. Ricania sp. damaged new twigs by oviposition and retarded growth by sucking nutrients and producing a sooty mold. Sophora and natural plant extracts were effective environmentally friendly agricultural materials used to control the nymph and adult Ricania sp. Mortality was > 80%.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find the reasonable plan for the restoration method through the practical repair of excavated costume. The minimal repair only without adding the physical force as far as possible after investigating the state of excavated costume has been progressed in case of excavated costume since it is already degraded and weak due to the characteristics of organic matter at the moment when it is excavated. Moreover, it has been restored as the following course; The restoration has been applied according to the state of excavated costume with the maximum stability by classifying items capable of being restored considering the fabric state of excavated costume. The drawn thread from the weak in strength and the refined thread of the Juasa(simple gauze) or the light degraded silk thread has been used in case of thread for restoration. The cotton fabrics has been used in the fabric of cellulose system, the Juasa or the silk has been used in the silk depending on the kind of fabric in connection with the support fabric, some parts have been dyed with Alnus firma fruit and the persimmon, has been repaired by using the dyed fabric with the clove for the purpose of mothproof-antibacterial treatment. The method to repair has been carried out by classifying according to the state of damage and the way of formation of costume. The needlework method suitable for the part and state of damage by using the basting, the broad-stitching, backstitch, the blind stitch and the hemming stitch in connection with the needlework method for restoration.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Although the filamentous fungal pathogen Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease on various fruits including peach, apple, persimmon and grape, there is no report on Japanese plum in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2016, diseased fruits showing typical anthracnose symptoms of Japanese plum were collected in market and ochards. Diseased tissue was cut off and disinfected subsequently with 70% ethanol for 1 min, and in 1% sodium hypochloride solution for 1 min, followed by three washes with sterile distilled water. The disinfected tissues were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ in the dark for 5 to 7 days. For single-spore isolation, conidia were scraped off the plate using a loop, and suspended with 10 mL sterile distilled water. One hundred microliter of the conidial suspension was spread on PDA plates and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$. Finally, one germinated conidium was transferred onto PDA plates. Morphological and cultural characteries of colonies and spores of isolated Colletotrichum were observed after 7 to 10 days incubation on PDA. Molecular identification of isolates were analyzed by comparing rDNA-ITS gene sequences with NCBI GeneBank. CONCLUSION: Of eleven isolates of Colletotrichum isolated from anthracnose diseased Japanese plum fruits, six were identified as C. acutatum, and five as C. gloeosporioides based on diagnostic characteristics such as colony growth rate, shape and size of conidia, and rDNA-ITS sequences. This is the first report of Colletotrichum causing the anthracnose on Japanese plum in Korea.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.291-295
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• 2018

Metcalfa pruinosa is a pest causing widespread problems to many crops in Korea. This pest infects fruit crops especially, persimmon and grapes. We tested the possibility of M. pruinosa management using essential oils of Alpina galangal and methylcinnamate which were extracted from A. galangal by steam distillation method. The use of essential oil showed a mortality rate of 10.0 and 23.3% for adults and nymphs, respectively. While the use of methylcinnamate resulted to a mortality rate of 40.0% in adults and 36.6% in nymphs. For its repellent effect, it showed an avoidance rate of 50.0 and 63.3% for adult and nymph respectively. Considering these two results, the extract of A. galangal are shown to have some synergic effect for pest control. The result of this study showed a possibility of M. pruinosa control using essential oil and methylcinnamate from A. galangal.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.218-223
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate the natural contents of sulfite in vegetables and fruits. Experimental subjects included 351 cases of vegetables and 59 fruits collected in 4 areas-Jeonbuk, Kyungnam, Chungcheung and Kangwon-from October to December in 1987. Sulfite of the subjects were determined by ion chromatography rapidly and precisely. Mean value of sulfite contents in leaf-vegetables, green onion was the highest value, $13.23{\pm}1.39\;ppm$. Garlic was the highest value, $134.07{\pm}9.65\;ppm$ in root-vegetables. Green pepper in fruit-vegetables was the highest value, 1. $1.16{\pm}0.12\;ppm$. In the fruits, persimmon was the highest, $2.74{\pm}0.45\;ppm$. There were some differences among the areas. The mean value of sulfite contents in vegetables and fruits collected in the Chungcheung areas were higher than that in other places.