• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently attracting attention as a promising source of photovoltaic power generation for their rapid increase in efficiency within a short research period. However, the 2-step deposition method, which has been considered as a proper film fabrication route in commercialization point of view of PSC, requires a complicated control of environment to achieve high efficiency because each step of the process are affected by humidity in different manner. It is clearly a large hurdle for this technic to be transferred to industrialization. In this study, we developed a simple surface treatment by which high quality perovskite films can be fabricated through 2-step deposition method in a relatively wide humidity range without complicated humidity control at each step.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.427-427
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• 2016

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite have attracted significant attention as a new revolutionary light absorber for photovoltaic device due to its remarkable characteristics such as long charge diffusion lengths (100-1000nm), low recombination rate, and high extinction coefficient. Recently, power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell is above 20% that is approached to crystalline silicon solar cells. Planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells have simple device structure and can be fabricated low temperature process due to absence of mesoporous scaffold that should be annealed over 500 oC. However, in the planar structure, controlling perovskite film qualities such as crystallinity and coverage is important for high performances. Those controlling methods in one-step deposition have been reported such as adding additive, solvent-engineering, using anti-solvent, for pin-hole free perovskite layer to reduce shunting paths connecting between electron transport layer and hole transport layer. Here, we studied the effect of alkali metal halide to control the fabrication process of perovskite film. During the morphology determination step, alkali metal halides can affect film morphologies by intercalating with PbI2 layer and reducing $CH3NH3PbI3{\cdot}DMF$ intermediate phase resulting in needle shape morphology. As types of alkali metal ions, the diverse grain sizes of film were observed due to different crystallization rate depending on the size of alkali metal ions. The pin-hole free perovskite film was obtained with this method, and the resulting perovskite solar cells showed higher performance as > 10% of power conversion efficiency in large size perovskite solar cell as $5{\times}5cm$. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) are analyzed to prove the mechanism of perovskite film formation with alkali metal halides.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2022

The synthesis of organic and hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites directly from solution improves the cost- and energy-efficiency of processing. To date, numerous research efforts have been devoted to investigating the influence of the various solvent parameters for the synthesis of lead halide perovskites, focused on the effects of different single solvents on the efficiency of the resulting perovskites. In this work, we investigated the effect of solvent blends for the first time on the structure and phase of perovskites produced via the Lewis base vapor diffusion method to develop a new synthetic approach for water-stable CsPbBr₃ particles with nanometer-sized dimensions. Solvent blends prepared with DMF and water-miscible solvents with different Gutmann's donor numbers (D_N) affect the Pb ions differently, resulting in a variety of lead bromide species with various colors. The use of a DMF/isopropanol solvent mixture was found to induce the formation of the Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite based on lead bromide. This perovskite undergoes a blue color shift in the solvated state owing to the separation of nanoplatelets. In contrast, the replacement of isopropanol with DMSO, which has a high DN, induces the formation of spherical CsPbBr₃ perovskite nanoparticles that exhibit green emission. Finally, the integration of acetone in the solvent system leads to the formation of lead bromide complexes with a yellow-orange color and the perovskite CsPbBr₃.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2018

선행 연구를 통해서 우수한 메탄 완전 산화 특성을 보인 $La_{0.1}Sr_{0.9}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_{3-{\delta}}$ (LSCF1928) 페롭스카이트 분말 촉매로 비드형과 중공사형 촉매를 제조하였다. 중공사형 촉매는 내부가 비어있는 원기둥 형태이며, 상전이법을 통해 기공을 형성시킬 수 있어 비표면적을 획기적으로 향상시킬 수 있다. Methyl Cellulose (MC)를 넣어 제조한 비드형 촉매의 경우 MC에서 배출되는 $CO_2$와 촉매 성분인 Sr이 반응하여 원래 촉매 조성이었던 LSCF1928 조성 외에 $SrCO_3$가 생성되었다. 중공사형 촉매의 경우 불순물 없이 단일상의 페롭스카이트 구조를 얻었다. $700{\sim}900^{\circ}C$에서 하소한 중공사형 촉매는 손가락구조-스펀지구조-손가락구조의 기공 형태를 보였으며, 모두 $475^{\circ}C$에서 메탄의 완전 산화 반응을 통해 99.9% 산소 전화율을 달성하였다. 중공사형 촉매의 기공을 제어하기 위하여 에어 갭과 방사압력 조건을 변경하였다. 2 cm 에어 갭, 7 bar의 방사 압력으로 제조한 중공사형 촉매가 가장 우수한 촉매 성능을 보였으며, $425^{\circ}C$, $450^{\circ}C$ 및 $475^{\circ}C$에서 각각 70.65%, 93.01%, 99.99% 이상의 산소 전화율을 달성하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

A dense mixed ionic and electronic conducting ceramic membrane is one of the most promising materials because it can be used for separation of oxygen from the mixture gas. The $ABO_3$ perovskite structure shows high chemical stability at high temperatures under reduction and oxidation atmospheres. $BaCo_{1-x-y}Fe_xZr_yO_{3-{\delta}}$ (BCFZ) was well-known material as high mechanical strength, low thermal conductivity and stability in the high valence state. Glycine Nitrate Process (GNP) is rapid and effective method for powder synthesis using glycine as a fuel and show higher product crystallinity compared to solid state reaction and citrate-EDTA method. BCFZ was fabricated by modified glycine nitrate process. In order to control the burn-up reaction, $NH_4NO_3$ was used as extra nitrate. According to X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results, BCFZ was single phase regardless of Zr dopants from y=0.1 to 0.3 on B sites. The green compacts were sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Oxygen permeability, methane partial oxidation rate and hydrogen production ability of the membranes were characterized by using Micro Gas Chromatography (Micro GC) under various condition. The high oxygen permeation flux of BCFZ 1-451 was about $1ml{\cdot}cm^{-2}s^{-1}$. Using the humidified Argon gas, BCFZ 1-433 produced hydrogen about $1ml{\cdot}cm^{-2}s^{-1}$.