• 터널과지하공간
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.312-320
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• 2002

암반 내 존재하는 절리는 전단응력에 의해 미끄러지는 전단변형 거동을 하며, 역학적 경계조건 및 절리면의 거칠기에 영향을 받는다. 이러한 경우, 절리의 전단변형과 거칠기에 의해 발생된 팽창으로 인해 간극분포가 변화한다. 또한, 절리는 유체 흐름의 경로가 되며, 간극분포 특성에 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 절리의 전단변형 거동에 미치는 거 칠기의 영향 및 간극분포의 변화를 정량적으로 분석하여 절리의 수리학적 거동을 해석하고자 시도하였다. 이러한 절리의 수리-역학적 거동에 대한 이해를 향상시키기 위하여 절리면의 거칠기 변화가 절리의 전단변형 및 수리 지동에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 통계적 방법을 이용하여 절리를 발생하고, 이를 전단변형 거동과 수리학적 모델에 적용한 수치해석을 실시하였다 본 연구의 주요 결과로는, 절리의 거칠기가 감소하고 수직응력이 증가할수록 전단응력이 연성 거동으로 변하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전단변형 후 절리의 간극분포는 절리면의 거칠기에 큰 영향을 받아 절리의 투수성 변화에 거칠기가 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 절리면의 거칠기가 증가할수록 전단변형에 의한 채널 현상의 붕괴가 조기에 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

콘크리트내의 공극률은 콘크리트 구조물의 내구적인 특성과 밀접한 관련성이 있다. 특히, 콘크리트 시공시 가수된 물은 콘크리트의 비빔과 작업성에 일시적으로 도움이 되지만, 이러한 가수는 콘크리트의 공극을 증가하게 하며, 이는 콘크리트 구조물의 내구적인 성능저하를 야기하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 물시멘트비 0.45의 시멘트 모르타르에 대하여, 단위수량을 증가시켜 물멘트비를 0.45에서 0.60으로 증가시키면서 내구성능을 평가하였다. 즉, 각 물시멘트별로 소정의 재령까지 양생한 시험체에 대하여 강도, 염화물 확산, 투기성, 포화도 및 수분 확산계수 등의 다양한 내구성 실험을 수행하였으며, 이러한 실험결과들은 변화하는 공극률과 함께 분석되었다. 또한 내구성능의 변화 비율 및 그 패턴은 공극분포, 공극률, 그리고 단위수량을 고려하여 정량적으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2007

본 논문은 유효수직응력과 간극분포의 공간적 상관길이에 따른 거친 단일 균열 내에서의 유체흐름에 대한 특성을 수치적으로 분석한 것이다. 균열 내의 공간적으로 상관된 변화하는 간극분포는 지구통계학적 방법(i.e. Turning Bands algorithm)을 이용하여 발생시켰으며, 유효수직응력에 따른 간극분포의 변화를 묘사하기 위해 유효수직응력과 역학적 간극 사이의 단순한 비선형 관계식를 이용하였으며, 이를 흐름 모형에 결합하였다. 모의분석결과 균열 내의 유체흐름은 적용된 유효수직응력과 간극분포의 공간적 상관길이에 따라 변화하는 간극분포의 기하학적 특성에 크게 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 그밖에 본 연구에서 모의된 유체흐름의 결과를 이용하여 유효수직응력과 균열의 유효투수성 사이의 관계를 나타내는 수정 Louis 식을 제안하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2022

Complex geological conditions have a great influence on the mining of coalbed methane (CBM), which affects the extraction efficiency of CBM. This investigation analyzed the complicated geological conditions in the Liujia CBM block of Fuxin. A geological model of heterogeneities CBM reservoirs was established to study the influence of strike direction of igneous rocks and fault structures on horizontal well layout. Subsequently, the dual-porosity and dual-permeability mathematical model was established, which considers the dynamic changes of porosity and permeability caused by gas adsorption, desorption, pressure change. The results show that the production curve is in good agreement with the actual by considering gas seepage in matrix pores in the model. Complicated geological structures affect the pressure expansion of horizontal wells, especially, the closer to the fault structure, the more significant the effect, the slower the pressure drop, and the smaller the desorption area. When the wellbore extends to the fault, the pressure expansion is blocked by the fault and the productivity is reduced. In the study area, the optimal distance to the fault is 70 m. When the horizontal wellbore is perpendicular to the direction of coal seam igneous rock, the productivity is higher than that of parallel igneous rock, and the horizontal well bore should be perpendicular to the cleat direction. However, the well length is limited due to the dense distribution of igneous rocks in the Liujia CBM block. Therefore, the horizontal well pumping in the study area should be arranged along the direction of igneous rock and parallel plane cleats. It is found that the larger the area surrounded by igneous rock, the more favorable the productivity. In summary, the reasonable layout of horizontal wells should make full use of the advantages of igneous rock, faults and other complex geological conditions to achieve the goal of high and stable production.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2017

In geological engineering, grouting with Portland cement is a common technique for ground improvement, during which micro-fine cement is applied as a slurry, such that it intrudes into soil voids and decreases soil porosity. To determine the utility and behavior of cements with different Blaine values (index of cement particle fineness) for stabilization of fine sand, non-destructive and destructive tests were employed, such as laser-ray determination of grain size distribution, and sedimentation, permeability, and compressive strength tests. The results of the experimental study demonstrated a suitable mix design for the upper and lower regions of the cement-grading curve that are important for grouting and stabilization. Increasing the fineness of the cement decreased the permeability and increased the compressive strength of grouted sand samples considerably after two weeks. Moreover, relative to finer (higher Blaine value) or coarser (lower Blaine value) cements, cement with a Blaine value of $5,100cm^2/g$ was optimal for void reduction in a grouted soil mass. Overall, study results indicate that cement with an optimum Blaine value can be used to satisfy the designed geotechnical criteria.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.359.1-359.1
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• 2016

The electromagnetic (EM) properties of media, such as propagation, focusing and scattering, strongly rely on the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability of media. Recently, artificially-created metamaterials (MMs) composed of periodically-arranged unit cells with tailored electric permittivity and magnetic permeability have drawn wide interest due to their capability of adjusting the EM response. MM absorbers using the conventional sandwich structures usually have very high absorption at a certain frequency, and the absorption properties of MMs can be adjusted simply by changing the geometrical parameters of unit cell. In this work, we suggested an incident-angle-independent broadband perfect absorber based on resistive layers. We analyze the absorption mechanism based on the impedance matching with the free space and the distribution of surface currents at specific frequencies. From the simulation, the absorption was expected to be higher than 96% in 1.4-6.0 GHz. The corresponding experimental absorption was found to be higher than 96% in 1.4-4.0 GHz, and the absorption turned out to be slightly lower than 96% in 4.0-6.0 GHz owing to the irregularity in the thickness of resistive layers.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1999

ABSTRACT-A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was developed to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drug, biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate, DDB. The system was optimized by evaluating the solubility of DDB and the microemulsion existence range after the preparation of microemulsions with varying compositions of triacetin and surfactant-cosurfactant mixtures (Labrasol as surfactant (S) and the combination of Transcutol, Cremophor RH 40 and Plurol oleique as cosurfactant (CoS)). SMEDDS in this study markedly improved the solubility of DDB in water up to 10 mg/ml and the size of the o/w microemulsion droplets measured by dynamic light scattering showed a narrow monodisperse size distribution with an average diameter less than 50 nm. The microemulsion existing range is increased proportional to the ratio of S/CoS, however, it decreased remarkably as the oil content was more than 20%. In vitro dissolution study of SMEDDS showed a significantly increased dissolution rate of DDB in water (> 12 fold over DDB powder), and SMEDDS also had significantly greater permeability of DDB in Caco-2 cell compared to powders.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2000

Recently, the construction method of high pressure jet-grouting is in wide-use, for the purpose of structure foundation ground, reinforcing of ground behind propped retaining walls and cut-off in order to perform safe construction of underground excavation work. This study was performed a serious of tests of field permeability and unconfined compressive strength upon ground improved established on the ground behind propped retaining walls and examined proper jet mechanism by changing the construction parameter value of high pressure jet-grouting. In addition, we got the conclusion like the followings as a result of inspecting the condition of earth pressure distribution and deformation, using elasto-plastic method and FEM. 1. In that characteristics of strength of ground improved, with the same condition of construction parameter, unconfined compressive strength of sand gravel is shown bigger than that of silty sand by about 1.6 times and cut-off effect is shown to have effect of reducing the permeability of original ground by about 10$^{-2}$ ~10$^{-3}$ cm/s. 2. As a result of analysis of figures of horizontal displacing quantity of propped retaining walls materials regarding before and after High pressure jet- grouting through FEM, the reducing quantity of 0.1~0.3mm in maximum horizontal displacement is shown.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2013

In this study the method based on flux linkage in cell was introduced in calculation of eddy currents by cell method. According to this method eddy current distribution and the loss can be evaluated and since the shielding effectiveness by flux cancelation of eddy current can be analyzed, this method is applicable to design of conductive shield. And also the formula of shielding factor were so deduced as to be applicable to finite-width infinite-length shielding sheets and infinite-length underground cable shield. These formula are adaptable to magnetic materials as well as conductive materials. As the results of calculation in model shields are follows. In case of finite-width infinite-length shielding sheet, shielding effectiveness increases with increasing of conductivity. In case of infinite-length underground cable shield, the effectiveness become higher with increasing of permeability. Especially the effectiveness is very high in materials with both high conductivity and permeability in underground cable shield.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1575-1578
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• 2012

Objectives: To obtain permeability surface (PS) values using multi-slice helical CT perfusion imaging and to evaluate the spatial distribution correlation between PS values and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in solitary brain metastases. Methods: Imaging was performed on 21 patients, PS values being calculated from the central, border and peripheral parts of tumours. VEGF expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Rim enhancement was found in 16 cases, the border of the tumour featuring PS elevation with high VEGF expression in 13 cases. In the 5 cases with nodular enhancement, the border and the central part had high permeability and VEGF expression was high in all cases, the correlation being significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: VEGF expression in brain metastases positively correlates with PS values from CT perfusion imaging, so that the latter can be used in the surveillance of angiogenic activity in brain metastases.