• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.57-59
• /
• 1988

Considerable variations in spore productivity were detected within the area of single hymenial surfaces of certain polypores. The hymenium has in irregular patterns, areas of low as well as high spore production, common both in the periphery(young) as well as in the inner(old)part. These have been recorded as isospore diagrams showing that the basidia all over the hymenia are at different stages of development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1996.11a
• /
• pp.123-127
• /
• 1996

The tendency of wrinkling formation on the flange of a deep-drawn rectangular container was investigated experimentally under different process conditions. Such process variables as blank size, sheet thickness, blank-holding force, and depth of drawing are chosen to examine their effects on the flange wrinkles of the products. Number and amplitudes of the wrinkles are measured along the periphery of the flange and compared between each case of process condition.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 1980

In this article, we found the dentigerous cyst due to the impacted supernumerary tooth. Involved teeth were treated with immediat canal filling and root resection technique. The cystic walls and its contents were marsupialized and perfectly enucleated with surgical techniques. After the operations, no clinical signs and symptoms were found, Radiographic findings after I months of the operations reveal the decrease of the radiolucency on the surgical field. The author thinks that it indicate the formation of the osteoid tissue.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 1990

An anatomical study was conducted in order to elucidate the development of primary and secondary ray in Robinia pseudoacacia L. The height of primary ray near pith decreases progressively toward periphery, while the width and number per unit area gradually increase, and then the height, width and number remain somewhat constant. Secondary ray originates from the segmentation of fusiform initials or division of the side or end of fusiform initials at the middle of the first growth layer. And after the height and width of secondary ray increases to some extent, it remains constantly.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2020

Transient receptor potential canonical 4 (TRPC4) channel is a nonselective calcium-permeable cation channels. In intestinal smooth muscle cells, TRPC4 currents contribute more than 80% to muscarinic cationic current (mIcat). With its inward-rectifying current-voltage relationship and high calcium permeability, TRPC4 channels permit calcium influx once the channel is opened by muscarinic receptor stimulation. Polyamines are known to inhibit nonselective cation channels that mediate the generation of mIcat. Moreover, it is reported that TRPC4 channels are blocked by the intracellular spermine through electrostatic interaction with glutamate residues (E728, E729). Here, we investigated the correlation between the magnitude of channel inactivation by spermine and the magnitude of channel conductance. We also found additional spermine binding sites in TRPC4. We evaluated channel activity with electrophysiological recordings and revalidated structural significance based on Cryo-EM structure, which was resolved recently. We found that there is no correlation between magnitude of inhibitory action of spermine and magnitude of maximum current of the channel. In intracellular region, TRPC4 attracts spermine at channel periphery by reducing access resistance, and acidic residues contribute to blocking action of intracellular spermine; channel periphery, E649; cytosolic space, D629, D649, and E687.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 2011

Objective : We investigated the neuroprotective effect of anthocyanin, oxygen radical scavenger extracted from raspberries, after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods : The animals were divided into two groups : the vehicle-treated group (control group, n=20) received an oral administration of normal saline via stomach intubation immediately after SCI, and the anthocyanin-treated group (AT group, n=20) received 400 mg/kg of cyanidin 3-O-${\beta}$-glucoside (C3G) in the same way. We compared the neurological functions, superoxide expressions and lesion volumes in two groups. Results : At 14 days after SCI, the AT group showed significant improvement of the BBB score by $16.7{\pm}3.4%$, platform hang by $40.0{\pm}9.1%$ and hind foot bar grab by $30.8{\pm}8.4%$ (p<0.05 in all outcomes). The degree of superoxide expression, represented by the ratio of red fluorescence intensity, was significantly lower in the AT group ($0.98{\pm}0.38$) than the control group ($1.34{\pm}0.24$) (p<0.05). The lesion volume in lesion periphery was $32.1{\pm}2.4\;{\mu}L$ in the control and $24.5{\pm}2.3\;{\mu}L$ in the AT group, respectively (p<0.05), and the motor neuron cell number of the anterior horn in lesion periphery was $8.3{\pm}5.1$ cells/HPF in the control and $13.4{\pm}6.3$ cells/HPF in the AT group, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion : Anthocyanin seemed to reduce lesion volume and neuronal loss by its antioxidant effect and these resulted in improved functional recovery.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 1985

Water samples collected monthly between November 1982 and October 1983 from seven reserviors and a river in the periphery of Suwon, Korea were subjected to gas chromatographic analysis for PCBs and organochlorine insecticide residues. PCBs were positively detected in the most samples. The average residue levels of PCBs were found in the range of 0.009${\sim}$0.5 ppb while those of organochlorine insecticides were in the range of "not detected"${\sim}$0.008 ppb. The ratio of average residue levels of PCBs to those of total DDT was found to vary with sampling sites. The highest ratio of 500 was found in the water samples of Han River and the lowest in water of Won-chun Reservior. Both industrial and urban waste appear to be responsible for PCBs in the irrigation waters.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.16-30
• /
• 2006

In terms of world system theory, the historical period of Yanbian area was divided into 3 parts: Japan colonial period which was assigned to the periphery of world system, socialist period which escaped from the world system, and the reform-open period that was reincorporated to world system. The cultural character of each period was studied. The conclusions are as follow. During the period of periphery of world system, Yanbian area as an area where the massed Korean people lived, was dominated by Korean peninsular culture. However, Yanbian area was also affected by the Japanese and Chinese cultural assimilation policy. During the period that Yanbian area aparted from the world system, it was affected by the requirement of unique socialist culture assimilation, and traditional cultures were hard to keep. During the period of reincorporation to the world system with lighten of minority policy by Chinese government, traditional national culture begin revived, but due to extend intercourse of Yanbian with China mainland and Republic of Korea, China-Korean culture of Yanbian area was strongly affected by Chinese and Korean culture too.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.352-357
• /
• 2004

Atrial myocytes have two functionally separate groups of ryanodine receptors (RyRs): those at the periphery colocalized with L-type $Ca^{2+}$channels (DHPRS) and those a t the cell interior not associated with DHPRs. $Ca^{2+}$ current ($I_{ca}$) directly gates peripheral RyRs on action potential and the subsequent peripheral $Ca^{2+}$ release propagates into the center of atrial myocytes. The mechanisms that regulate the $Ca^{2+}$+ propagation wave remain Poorly understood. Using 2-D confocal$Ca^{2+}$ imaging, we examined the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP $_3R$) and mitochondria on ($I_{ca}$)- gated local $Ca^{2+}$ signaling in rat atrial myocytes. Blockade of IP $_3R$ by xestospongin C (XeC) partially suppressed the magnitudes of I ca-gated central and peripheral $Ca^{2+}$ releases with no effect on $I_{ca}$. Mitochondrial staining revealed that mitochondria were aligned with ${\thickapprox}2-{\mu}m$ separations in the entire cytoplasm of ventricular and atrial myocytes. Membrane depolarization induced rapid mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ rise and decay in the cell periphery with slower rise in the center, suggesting that mitochondria may immediately uptake cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$, released from the peripheral SR on depolarization, and re-release the $Ca^{2+}$ into the cytosol to activate neighboring central RyRs. Our data suggest that the activation of IP $_3R$ and mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ handing on action potential may serve as a cofactor for the $Ca^{2+}$ propagation from the DHPR-coupled RyRs to the DHPR-uncoupled RyRs with large gaps between them.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.678-687
• /
• 1997

Cystic lesions of the mandible are fairly common and usually a presumptive diagnosis is made readily, more often on the basis of roentgenographic appearance than by any other means. Occasionally, however, it is easy to fall into errors of diagnosis which may affect one's choice of treatment. The diagnosis in these situations are usually resolved by the histopathologic examination of material obtained by surgical exploration. The present discussion to the lesions which can be most easily confused in the roentgenographic interpretation, that is, the traumatic bone cyst, the dentigerous cyst, the radicular cyst. These lesions often grow to considerable size before they cause any subjective or objective symptoms. Less frequently, perhaps, the patient presents himself with the complaint of enlargement of the affected part, a discharge, or pain. On rare occasions the first sign is fracture through the cyst cavity. In any case, an adequate roentgenographic survey by means of extraoral films is essential. This is the primary means of diagnosis. The three lesions in mandible, reported here, resembled each other roentgenographically in that they were osteolytic lesions. The follicular and radicular cysts usually have a smooth periphery and may be surrounded by a white line. The follicular cyst, slow-growing lesions, is usually associated with an unerupted tooth. The radicular cyst, the most common type of the odontogenic cyst, is always associated with a nonvital tooth, or it may persist as a "residual" radicular cyst after the causative tooth has been extracted. The traumatic bone cyst can often be differentiated from the first two in that the periphery is less definite and is irregular. It is thought that because it does not occur in older people, the lesion is self-limiting and heals spontaneously if left alone.