• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.115-135
• /
• 2012

The very low natural frequencies of tension leg platforms (TLP's) have raised the concern about the significance of the action of hydrodynamic wave forces on the response of such platforms. In this paper, a numerical study using modified Morison equation was carried out in the time domain to investigate the influence of nonlinearities due to hydrodynamic forces and the coupling effect between surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch and yaw degrees of freedom on the dynamic behavior of TLP's. The stiffness of the TLP was derived from a combination of hydrostatic restoring forces and restoring forces due to cables and the nonlinear equations of motion were solved utilizing Newmark's beta integration scheme. The effect of wave characteristics such as wave period and wave height on the response of TLP's was evaluated. Only uni-directional waves in the surge direction was considered in the analysis. It was found that coupling between various degrees of freedom has insignificant effect on the displacement responses. Moreover, for short wave periods (i.e., less than 10 sec.), the surge response consisted of small amplitude oscillations about a displaced position that is significantly dependent on the wave height; whereas for longer wave periods, the surge response showed high amplitude oscillations about its original position. Also, for short wave periods, a higher mode contribution to the pitch response accompanied by period doubling appeared to take place. For long wave periods, (12.5 and 15 sec.), this higher mode contribution vanished after very few cycles.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.87-100
• /
• 2007

Purpose: As body weight management is significantly important for women and newborn infants during pregnant and postpartum periods, there have been studies about changes of body weight during those periods. However, there are not enough studies about it which is based on the Sasang Constitution. The following is a result of the study which analyzes the changes with Sasang Constitution. Methods: This study investigated those who understand and agree this study#s purposes out of 109 primiparae who did normal delivery, who gave birth to a healthy infant and who are breastfeeding and who were treated by S postpartum care center from March 2005 to November 2005. The result of survey was collected from the questionnaires that included postpartum pattern and QSCC II. Results: There are remarkable changes of body weight and BMI based on the Sasang Constitution in pregnant and postpartum periods and they appear to be in order of Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin. In terms of the amount of milk according to the Constitution, there are no key changes between Soeumin and Taeumin, but there is a significance between Soyangin and Soeumin and Soyangin and Taeumin. In terms of the average body weight of infants according to the Constitution, there are no essential changes between Soeumin and Soyangin, but there is a magnitude between Soeumin and Taeumin and Soyangin and Taeumin. Conclusion: The changes of the body weight and BMI based on the Sasang Constitution appear to be the smallest for Soeumin, and the largest for Taeumin. The amount of milk from mothers did not affect on the changes and the weight of newborn infant did affect on the changes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 1976

The influences of the mandibular displacement and valium administration on the muscular activity were observed by spectrophotometric analysis of glycogen, glucose, G-6-P, lactate, pyruvate, ATP, phosphocreatine ana protein. Experimental animals were divided into three groups; the first was the mandibular displacement group, the second was valium administered group and the third was the mandibular displacement and valium admministered group. In mandibular displacement group, the high inclined plane with a gap of 2.5mm to 3.0mm between the upper and lower incisors was created by setting the silver crowns on the lower incisors. By creating such a high inclined plane, the bite was opened and the mandible was dispalced posteriorly. In valium administered group, 5mg/kg body weight of valium was administered intraperitoneally every day until the animal was sacrificed. Results were as follows: I) The body weight of all experimental rats was decreased in the beginning of experimental periods. The body weight of the mandibular displacement group showed the similar increasing rate as the control group from 15 days of experimental period. 2) The superficial masseter muscles of the mandibular displacement group appeared to be decreased it's functional activity at 36hrs, 60hrs and 96hrs of experimental periods as revealed by the decrease of various metabolites studied in this experiment. From 96hrs of experimental periods, the contents of those metabolites tended to increase up to the control level. 3) The superficial masseter muscle of 2nd group showed the decreased value of all metabolites at until 60hrs and the values were recovered to almost the same as the control at 168hrs. 4) Glycogen and G-6-P contents induced by mandibular displacement plus valium administration, showed longer duration of the decreased value than 1st group. And the decrease of glucose and pyruvate contents induced by mandibular displacement at 36hrs and 60hrs of experimental periods was enhanced by valium administration. However, the contents of lactate in 3rd group were decreased continuously until the end of experiment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.511-529
• /
• 2001

Purpose : To analyze organization variables related to nursing between the doctors' strike and normal periods. Methods : The sample consisted of 1,220(600 for doctors' strike and 620 for normal periods) nurses working in 5 hospitals. Six instruments were used for data collection including Job Activity Scale(JAS; Laschinger, 1994), Organization Relationship Scale(ORS; Laschinger, 1994), Interpersonal Support Scale(developed by Firth et al., 1986 and revised by Ahn(2000), Self-efficacy Scale(Riggs & Knight, 1994),Job Satisfaction Scale(Slavitts et al., 1978), and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire(OCQ; Mowday et al., 1979). Results : There were significant differences among variables(i.e., formal power, interpersonal support, self-efficacy and organizational commitment)between doctors' strike and normal periods. The formal power was high during the normal period, however interpersonal support, self-efficacy and organizational commitment were high during the doctors' strike. Conclusion : Interpersonal support, self-efficacy and job satisfaction were change by working conditions, but organizational commitment was not changed by working conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.365-371
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the potent physiological activity of traditional wild tea ("Don tea"; coin-shaped tea) as affected by different harvesting times, aging periods and extracting temperatures, No difference in anti-oxidative activities in the harvesting time and extracting temperature of tea leaves was observed. However, short aging periods of Don tea showed high ABTS {2-2-azonobis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulphonic acid)} activity, ranging from 71.52 to 79.96%. DPPH (${\alpha},\;{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picryl-hydrazyl$) radical scavenging activity of Don tea was 71.10 to 91.40%. Especially, longer aging period and an extracting temperature of $100^{\circ}C$ showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity. With longer aging periods and an extraction at $90^{\circ}C$, nitrite radical scavenging activity of Don tea ranged from 74.04 to 94.92%. On the other hand, angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of Don tea was 59.77-81.97%. It showed higher activity when harvested in June and August, aged for longer periods, and extracted at $100^{\circ}C$. These results suggested Korean traditional Don tea exhibited the highest physiological activity when aged over 8 months.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.22-32
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the spicy hot flavor related quality characteristics of baechu (Kimchi cabbage) Kimchi prepared using hot pepper powder in various capsaicin levels during 8 weeks of storage. The pHs in the Kimchi samples were in the optimum range of the pH 4.2-4.5 due to the relatively low storage temperature of $2^{\circ}C$ during the entire storage periods. The L, a and b values of cap-150 sample group were significantly higher compared to those in the other samples at 8 weeks of storage. Grading hotness of the Kimchi was significantly clearly separated when varied levels of hotness for the hot pepper powder were used at 2-4 weeks of storage (p<0.001). Sensory spicy hotness of the cap-40 showed significantly the lowest with values of 4.57-4.38 representing mild hot:, that of cap-85 was medium hot with values of 5.81-6.00; and finally, that of cap-150 showed the values of 6.86-7.14, representing strong hot flavor at 2-4 weeks of storage (p<0.001). The grading of spicy hotness in the Kimchi increased by about one level at the optimal edible periods due to the leaching out of capsaicin from the hot pepper powder for those storage periods. Thus, the increased hotness of the Kimchi in the optimal edible periods should be considered when the desired hotness of the hot pepper is chosen for the Kimchi preparation. The hotness decreased as the organic acids were generated during ripening by the 8th weeks of storage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.34-40
• /
• 2006

The daytime(7 a.m to 10 p.m.) and the nighttime(10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) used to calculate existing $L_{dn}$ is different from the domestic daytime(6 a.m to 10 p.m.) and nighttime(10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) periods. The difference of a time periods makes too difficult for converting measured $L_{eq}$ during daytime($L_d$) and nighttime($L_n$) periods to $L_{dn}$. Thus, it is difficult to directly compare with $L_{dn}$ standard of a foreign country. The pupose of paper is to propose a proper experimental equations that make up for the problems. The data of this paper used road traffic noise data of Auto-Network System(ANS) that generates $L_{eq}$ TNI, $L_{NP}$ for 1 hour. A method of this paper is as follows.(1) The data of ANS converted 24 hour $L_{eq}$ which measured every 1 hour to existing $L_{dn}$ and to $L_{dn}$ of an experimental equations.(2) The existing Lan is compared to results of $L_{dn}$ from experimental equations. The paper proposes a three experimental equations. This paper select an approximate equation that was most similar, to existing $L_{dn}$ out of these equations. When $L_{eq}$ data of different daytime and nighttime periods are converted to $L_{dn}$, an experimental equation of this paper can be used and applied to $L_{dn}$'s calculation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.449-455
• /
• 1991

The water striders, gerris paludum insularis larvae which were fed with the drosophila melanogaster cultured on the appli diet and artificial diet, were reared in the growth cabinet controlled as the two constant temperature regimes of 25 c and 30 c under the condition of photoperiod 16l : 8d, light intensity 510 240 lux, relative humidity 65 3%, and in the natural state. The effects of temperature and diet on the devolopment of g. paludum insularis were analyzed and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The total developmental period of the water strider larvae fed with the d. melanogaster reared on the apple diet at the natural stste was the longest 40 days, and the total devopmental periods at 25 c and 30 c were 35 days and 27 days respectively. The tolal developmental period of larvae fed with d. melanogaster reared on the artifical diet at 25 c was the longest 42 dats, and the total developmental periods at natural stste and 30 c were 32 days and 27 days, respectively. 2. In the larval developmental stages, the fifth stage was longer than that of any stage. The duration of egg stage which was not influenced by diet at 25 c was the longest. 3. The water strider larvae fed which the d. melanogaster reared on the artificial diet at 25 c did not complete their devolopment. 4. No significant difference was odserved in the developmentperiod for diet at 30 c. but, there were significant differences in developmental periods for diet at 25 c and natural state. 5. The rate of adult emergence on the apple diet was higher than that of the artificial diet was higher than of the artificial diet. 6. The shapes of the survivorship curve were convex-curve. 7. The development periods of the larval stages of water striders might be affected to temperature and diet dependently.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2008

To improve mating rate of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, temperature, photoperiod and illumination during mating periods favorable for B. terrestris were investigated. The mating rate of queen mated at $19^{\circ}C$ was 92.1%, which was 2.1-5.9% higher than that of $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. $19^{\circ}C$ was more effective than at $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ in death rate during mating periods. The survival rate after hibernation of queen mated at $19^{\circ}C$ was 3.0-17.7% higher than that of $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. At the photoperiod regimes during mating periods, queen mated at 14 L was more effective than 12 L and 16 L in death rate during mating, survival rate after hibernation, and egg-characteristics. In case of illumination during mating periods, intensity of over 1000 lux was suitable for mating B. terrestris queen in colony development. Therefore, we supposed that mating temperature favorable for B. terrestris was $19^{\circ}C$ and photoperiod for mating was 14 L, and illumination was over 1000 lux.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.276-290
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE: This study compared the elderly falls and the intrinsic fall risk factors according to gender. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of the data collected for medical checkups for the Transitional Periods of Life supported from the National Health Insurance. The subjects examined were 255,505 people aged 66 years in Korea between January and December, 2008. RESULTS: The elderly people aged 66 when in the transitional periods of life experienced 10.6% of their first falls. The first falls of women (12.4%) was greater than that of men (8.5%) in the elderly. The risk factors for falls included dysuria with an odds ratio of 6.2 to 6.6, depression with an odds ratio of 1.5 to 1.8, gait disturbance with an odds ratio of 1.3 to 1.5, and blindness with an odds ratio of 1.3 to 1.4 in both elderly women and men. CONCLUSIONS: Effective fall prevention should focus on dysuria because it is a more important predictor of falls, even though many intrinsic fall risk factors can affect falls in elderly people.