• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.90-101
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to appraise the influence of conventional periodontal treatment on metabolic control in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, their periodontal change was compared with non-diabetic patients. Before and after treatment, it was performed to measure periodontal and metabolic indices in thirteen type 2 diabetic patients. Periodontal indices included plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level. Metabolic indices included glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and gingival recession showed significant improvements in the statistics. Diabetic patients showed no statistically significant differences in the changes of periodontal indices compared with non-diabetic patients. HbA1c values decreased in five of the thirteen subjects and fasting plasma glucose levels were reduced in four of the seven subjects after periodontal treatment. All five subjects whom HOMA values were calculated in showed the increases of insulin secretions. The results of this study ascertained the possibility of the better glycemic contol after conventional periodontal treatment in Korean type 2 diabetic patients and diabetes were well healed of their periodontal diseases after the treatment.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate the changes of the amount of P. gingivalis in saliva by professional preventive treatment of periodontal disease by dental hygienists. Methods: A total of 109 subjects participated in this study with informed consent. The control group (38 subjects) performed oral hygiene management individually. The periodontal treatment group (35 subjects) underwent root planning once every 3 weeks for a total of 4 times. The professional periodontal prevention group (36 subjects) underwent interdental cleaning and professional tooth brushing once every 3 weeks for a total of 4 times. Paired T test and analysis of variance were performed to compare the difference among the groups in the amount of P. gingivalis. Results: The copies of P. gingivalis in the professional periodontal prevention group decreased from 773.62±1,198.09 to 241.40±430.40 after treatment significantly. The control group decreased from 525.22±582.54 to 244.29±385.88 after treatment. The periodontal treatment group showed insignificant change of P. gingivalis. Conclusions: This study showed the professional periodontal prevention was more effective than periodontal treatment in decrease of P. gingivalis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.653-659
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• 2006

Oral malodor may cause a significant social or psychological handicap to those suffering from it. Oral malodor has been correlated with the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) produced in the oral cavity. Specific bacteria identified in the production of VSC have been reported and many of these bacteria are commonly suspected periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to estimate the change of the VSC concentration after periodontal treatment, Twenty subjects with probing depth $(PD)\;{\geq}5mm$ (experimental group) and 20 subjects with PD<5mm (control group) participated. VSC concentration measurement was made with gas chromatography. VSC concentration was measured at pre-treatment, 2 weeks after scaling and 1 month after periodontal treatment(root planning and flap operation). Maximum probing depth and bleeding on probing(BOP) were also examed at pretreatment and 1 month after periodontal treatment, The conclusions were as follow: 1. In the experimental group VSC concentration and CH3SH/H2S ratio were higher than control group. (p<0.05) 2. Both VSC concentration and CH3SH/H2S ratio showed decrease after periodontal treatment, But only CH3SH/H2S ratio after 1 month periodontal treatment was statistically significantly different from pre-treatment. (p<0.05) 3. CH3SH/H2S ratio tended to be on increase according to maximum probing depth and bleeding on probing. Periodontal disease could be a factor that caused oral malodor and oral malodor could be decreased after periodontal treatment.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2017

Purpose : Preservation of the periodontal health of the treated patient requires supportive periodontal therapy for the elimination of periodontal disease. After Phase I therapy is completed, patients are placed on a schedule of periodic recall visits for maintenance care to prevent recurrence of the disease. The amount of tooth loss would be the most relevant criterion in an evaluation of the effect of periodontal treatment, but this would require studies with extremely long follow-up periods. Thus the most commonly used outcome criteria in clinical research have been clinical attachment level change, reduction of pocket depth and bleeding frequency. The purpose of this case study is to identify the effect of supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal flap surgery. Materials & Methods : Following routine hygienic phase of treatment, patients with chronic periodontitis received surgical periodontal treatment. Bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline, pre-operation and 1 year follow up. All procedures were performed by one operator. Results : One year a total of 28 patients (58sites) to recheck remained, when conducted maintenance program after periodontal flap surgery was observed reduction of bleeding frequency, pocket depth and improvement of clinical attachment level. Conclusion : The results from this study indicate that supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal flap surgery is effective for reduction of bleeding frequency, pocket depth and gain of clinical attachment level.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2018

This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of periodontal treatment on glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes who develop periodontal disease. The search of the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases was completed on April 8, 2018. The study design was based on randomized clinical trials. Scaling and root planing was performed for the test group, whereas no periodontal treatment or simple oral training was performed for the control group. The main outcome variable was the change in HbA1c levels. We used the Review Manager statistical analysis software for the quantitative analysis of selected documents. Meta-analysis was performed using the inverse variance estimation method of the fixed-effect model to estimate the effects of periodontal treatment on HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 1,011 documents were searched using search strategies, and 10 documents were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of the selected literature showed that periodontal treatment significantly reduced the HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes who develop periodontal disease (mean difference, -0.34; 95% confidence interval, -0.43 to -0.26; p<0.001). This study aimed to investigate the effects of periodontal treatment on HbA1c levels, which can be used as a basis for the increasing management of diabetic complications. To improve the quality of life and reduce the burden of medical expenses for patients with diabetes, periodontal disease management through nonsurgical periodontal treatment, such as scaling and root planing, is necessary.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 1983

The author made a periodontal survey on 2,000 Korean adolescents in Seoul special city and Kyoungki-Do, to detect periodontal conditions and treatment needs. The obtained results were as follows: 1. 1.20% of adolescents had healthy periodontal tissues. 2. 11.95% showed only the gingival bleeding on probing, 66.55% had the calculus. 3. The proportions of adolescents with pocket depths about 4 to 5mm and over 6mm were 19.95% and 0.35% respectively. 4. Periodontal treatment need proportion showed 98.80% in oral hygiene instruction and 86.65% in oral prophylaxis; mean number of sextants affected was 2.96. 5. 0.35% was needed complex periodontal treatment. 6. In the sex and regional distribution, girls were slightly higher than boys in periodontal treatment needs and seoul than Kyoungki-Do; but the difference was not significant statistically.(p<0.05) 7. In the age distribution, periodontal treatment needs did not increase evidently with age; but comparing those for 15 years old with 19, the latter was slightly higher than the former.(p<0.05)

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.449-459
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• 2004

Bacterial byproducts and volatile sulfur compounds(VSC) have been found to be the leading intra-oral agents, specifically, the byproducts of gram negative anaerobic bacteria have been implicated as primary factors of halitosis in patients presenting with periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between periodontal treatment and the subsequent reduction in the level of halitosis. Forty-three subjects presenting with periodontal disease were examined before periodontal treatment, one week after treatment, one month after treatment, and finally, two months after treatment, using a portable sulfide monitoring $Halimeter^{(R)}$ to measure the VSC concentrations at the prescribed intervals. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Significant decreases in the mean VSC concentration were observed at the one week, one month, and two month post-op intervals relative to the pre-op measurement. (p<0.05) 2. Significant decreases in the mean VSC concentration were observed in subjects after completion of flap operations. Significant decreases in the mean VSC concentration were observed at the one and two month post-flap operation measurement relative to the VSC concentration at one week (p<0.05), but no significant differences between the one month and two month VSC concentrations were found. (p<0.05) 3. Significant decreases in the mean VSC concentration were observed in subjects after completion of subgingival curettage (p<0,05). Significant decreases were found between the one week and one month measurements and between the one month and two month measurements, but significant differences were not observed between the one week and two month measurements. (p<0.05) The results of this study show significant decreases in VSC concentration in test subjects after periodontal treatment. It can be inferred from the results above, that periodontal disease is a significant contributing factor of halitosis, and that treatment of periodontal disease can been an effective means of reducing VSC concentration in patients presenting with halitosis concurrent with periodontal disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.415-428
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• 2002

Periodontal disease is a complex infectious disease caused by bacteria in the oral mucosa, which results in gingival inflammation, breakdown of periodontal tissues, bone resorption, and finally tooth loss. Mechanical plaque control methods-scaling and root planing are effective methods to stop the progression of such periodontal disease. It was reported that subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline(SDD) regimen could improve clinical conditions of periodontal tissues without causing the overgrowth of opportunistic organisms that was a typical antibiotic side effect. Therefore pharmacological therapy, used in conjunction with mechanical therapy could be considered a useful treatment modality in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. In this study, 30 patients diagnosed as moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis were divided into 2 groups. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were administered 20mg doxycycline capsule or placebo capsule b.i.d. for 4months, after scaling and root planing. Clinical parameters-bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment level were compared and evaluated between these groups at periods of first visit, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months. The results were as follows ; 1. In case of moderate periodontitis, pocket depth showed significant reduction after treatment in both the control & experiment groups, when compared with the baseline values(p<0.01), but in case of advanced periodontitis, only the experiment group showed significant reduction after treatment when compared with the baseline values(p<0.05). Statistically significant reduction in pocket depth was observed in the experiment group compared to the control group(p<0.05). 2. In case of moderate periodontitis, clinical attachment level showed significant reduction after treatment in both the control & experiment groups, when compared with the baseline values(p<0.01), but in case of advanced periodontitis, only the experiment group showed significant reduction after treatment when compared with the baseline values(p<0.05). Statistically significant reduction in clinical attachment level was observed in the experiment group compared to the control group(p<0.05). 3. Bleeding on probing improved after treatment in both the groups. In case of moderate periodontitis, the experiment group showed statistically significant reduction of bleeding on probing when compared with the control group at 1 and 4 months after treatment(p<0.05). In case of advanced periodontitis, treatment resulted in statistically significant reduction of bleeding on probing in both the groups(p<0.05). These results indicate that the use of subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline is a useful supplement to mechanical treatment for periodontal patients in ameliorating the clinical parameters such as periodontal pocket, attachment level, and bleeding on probing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.76-89
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic effect of patient compliance with supportive periodontal treatment (PC-SPT). Chronic periodontitis patients were classified based on their compliance level, and factors affecting PC-SPT and the prognosis of PC-SPT were investigated. Methods: This study selected 206 patients who started SPT after receiving periodontal treatment between 2010 and 2012. Patients who continued SPT through February 2016 were included. The patients were classified according to whether they exhibited complete compliance (100% of visits), excellent compliance (${\geq}70%$ of visits), incomplete compliance (<70% of visits), or non-compliance (only 2 visits). Patient characteristics that could affect PC-SPT, such as age, sex, distance of the clinic from their residence, implantation, and periodontal treatment, were investigated. The number of newly decayed and extracted teeth, alveolar bone level changes around the teeth and implants, and implant removal were examined to evaluate the prognosis of PC-SPT. Results: Sex and the presence of an implant significantly affected PC-SPT. Additionally, the number of newly decayed and extracted teeth and changes in alveolar bone levels around the teeth and implants were significant prognostic factors related to PC-SPT. Conclusions: PC-SPT in chronic periodontitis patients will help maintain periodontal health and prevent further periodontal disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.191-203
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• 1997

Recently, alteration on chemical treatment on the root and removal of pathologic bacteria, which is the main reason for periodontal disease, by complete removal of infected cementum layer was been emphasied In this study, teeth extracted due to periodontal disease were root planed using periodontal curette and roto bur. Then they were treated with different concentration of Tetracycline HCI at different time. The state of root surface and change in the pre and post treatment was observed. The results were as follows. 1. The group treatment with periodontal curette and saline showed remaining plaque, debris and irregular surface and no dentianl tubule orifice could be seen. 2. The group treatment with periodontal curette and tetracycline HCI showed process compoed with decacified material and there was concanity seemed to be a lacunae of cementocyte. 3. The group treatment with roto bur and saline, there was no remaning plaque and partial dentinal tubule orifice could be seen but smear layer covering them.4. The group treatment with roto bur and tetracycline HCI showed various shape and size dentinal tubule orifice could be seen. From the results, roto bur showed cleaner surfaces than treatment with periodontal curette. But still smear layer existed. Thus for regeneration of periodontal tissue, chemical treatment using tetracycline HCI should follow roto bur treatment. And it is considered that the treatment time is more important than the concentration of tetracycline HCl.