• Title/Summary/Keyword: period ratio

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A Report to Improve Satisfaction and Hospital Length of Stay of Gamma Knife Surgery Patients (감마나이프수술 환자의 만족도 및 재원일수에 대한 고찰)

  • Jeong, Sang Soon;Chung, Hyun-Tai;Paek, Sun Ha;Kim, Dong Gyu
    • Quality Improvement in Health Care
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.74-83
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    • 2001
  • Background : Since a Gamma Knife had been installed on December 1997, 405 patients have been treated until December 1999 at department of neurosurgery of Seoul National University hospital. The authors analyzed results of a work to improve satisfaction of Gamma Knife surgery patients and to reduce hospital length of stay. Methods : To understand main discontent of patients, a pre-survey was performed from October 1998 to December 1999 using a questionnaire. By Analyzing 93 questionnaire received from 234 patients, pain on frame application, explanation before surgery, waiting time before surgery, waiting time before medical procedure were main discontent factor and overall satisfaction ratio was 71.0%. To improve satisfaction ratio, several quality improvement activity works were designed and applied to 123 patients during the period between January 2000 and September 2000. The same questionnaire were analyzed. Works to reduce the patient hospital LOS were devised and applied during the same period. Results : The overall satisfaction ratio of Gamma Knife radiosurgery patients was increased to 83.7%(P=0.10). The main factor to improve satisfaction ratio was to reduce waiting time(P=0.05) and improvement of discomfort during the surgery(P=0.06). The average LOS was reduced from 3.1 to 2.7 days(P=0.003). Conclusion : As a result of quality assurance activities, the overall satisfaction ratio of patients was improved and LOS was reduced. The pain during frame application was remained as a main discontent factor and a further study is required to reduce this pain.

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The Difference of the $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ Digit Length Ratio between Type I and Type II Alcoholism (알코올 의존 제I형 및 II형 환자에서 검지-약지 길이 비의 차이)

  • Han, Chang-Woo;Lee, Yu-Sang;Hahm, Woong;Won, Sung-Doo
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.260-266
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    • 2011
  • Objectives The second to fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D) is known to reflect testosterone level during intrauterine period. Testosterone is essential for masculinization of brain. Cloninger's type II alcoholism is characterized by early age at onset and largely limited to males. Compared with type I alcoholism, type II alcoholism is thought to be masculine. There is a possibility that the digit ratio of type II alcoholism is low compared with type I. We examined digit length ratio in Cloninger's type I and II alcoholism to understand the effects of intrauterine testosterone on the development of alcoholism. Methods The participants were 87 alcohol dependent patients. We divided two subtypes of patients by Irwin's symptom list, based on Cloninger's concept. We captured the images of both palms by the scanner and measured the lengths of digits by the graphic program. Then we analyzed the digit ratios by independent-sample t-test. Results The mean 2D : 4D of type I was 0.942 (right), 0.952 (left). The mean 2D : 4D of type II was 0.927 (right), 0.940 (left). In both hands, 2D : 4D of type II was significantly lower than type I. Conclusions Type II alcoholism showed masculine type of digit length ratio compared with type I. It suggests the exposure of testosterone during intrauterine period might play an important role in determining the course and feature of alcoholism.

Effects of Forest Practices on the Changes of Characteristics of Forest Stand, Mesopore Ratio and Soil Water Contents in Pinus koraiensis Stands (산림시업이 잣나무림의 생장, 토양조공극 및 토양함수능에 미치는 영향)

  • Jun, Jaehong;Jeong, Yongho;Choi, Hyung Tae;Yoo, Jae-Yun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.20-27
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to investigate the influence of thinning and pruning on characteristics of forest stand, mesopore ratio and soil water content at the Pinus koraiensis stands in Gwangneung, Gyeonggido. The Pinus koraiensis had been planted in 1976 and thinning and pruning were carried out in 1996. A sample area survey was conducted at experimental plots (thinned and unthinned) in 1998 and 2005, and mesopore ratio and soil water content have been monitored from 2000 to present. Average tree height of the thinned plot increased from 10.9m to 13.2m and from 10.3m to 12.8m for the unthinned plot. Average D.B.H of the thinned plot increased from 15.9cm to 21.1cm and from 14.5cm to 16.7cm for the unthinned plot during the period 1998-2005. Crown density at the thinned plot increased from 81.5% to 95.0% and from 89.5% to 95.0% for the unthinned plot during the period 1998-2005. Mesopore ratio (pF2.7) of A layer soil at the thinned plot was 40.1% while that of the unthinned plot was 37.3%. Changes of mesopore ratio at unthinned plot were not associated with stand age, but those at thinned plot had increased and then decreased, showing declining of the practice effect. Average soil water content at the thinned plot were 23.7% and 22.4% for the unthinned plot. Soil watercontents at both plots have been increased with increase in stand age. But the difference of soil watercontent at each plot has been decreased, especially at the depth of 10cm.

A study on the change up chlorophyll due to the fermentation of Kim chi (열무김치 숙성에 따른 chloropyll 변화에 관한 연구)

  • 오승희
    • Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.12-22
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    • 1985
  • This investigation was attempted to determine changes in chlorophyll. Pheophytin content PH and titratable acidity during young redish Kim chi fermentation. Young redishes divied in to leaf and vein and fermented in dark room for 35 days at 10$^{\circ}C$ after pickling each group. Samples were collected at 5 days interval for the chemical analysis. The following results were obtained. 1. Chlorophyll content in young redish was decreased by decreasing PH during fermentation periods. Chlorophyll content decreased from 11.60mg/g to 7.62mg/g in leaf, from 0.48mg/g to 0.33mg/g in vein respectively during 35 days fermentation periods. In contrast to chlorophyll. pheophytin content increased as chlorophyll content decreased during the period. The ratio of chlorophyll a and b content in young redish about 3 : 1 in leaf and vein and decreased nearly the same ratio during fermentation periods. In case of pheophytin a and b it was increased without any relation with the ratio chlorophyll a and b. In generally, the optimum PH for eating was known 4.3 to 5.0. Young redish Kim chi was reached the optimun PH at 15 to 25 days of fermentation at 10$^{\circ}C$. At this periods. Chlorophyll content varied from 11.32mg/g to 9.30mg/g for leaf and from 0.43mg/g to 3.37mg/g for vein, respectively. 2. Titratable acidity(as lactic acid) was increased to 0.54% in leaf at 20 days fermentation period during Kim chi fermentation. and nearly unchanged until 30days. At the end of fermentation period the titratable acidity was about 0.30%. Titratable acidity was increased as decreasing pH. and the correlation coefficients was -0.92 in leaf and -0.77 in Vien. 3. Correlation between titratable acidity and chlorophll, pheophytin content was not significant statistically.

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Photogrammetric Analysis of Formative Ratio of Stone Pagodas According to the Period (寫眞測量에 의한 우리나라 主要 石塔의 時代別 造形比 分析)

  • Yeu, Bock-Mo;Choi, Chul-Soon;Oh, Yi-Kyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.73-81
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    • 1992
  • Terrestrial photogrammetry is widely used for the observation of cultural assets due to its effects such as increased accuracy and cost saving. As the damage of cultural assets tends to increase with time, it is essential that the standard of value evaluation and the preservation methods be established. The terrestrial photogrammetry proves to be an excellent tool for this purpose. This study aims to classify the objects measured by terrestrial photogrammetry according to the historical period. The assets to be included are not only national treasures but also obscure cultural assets. This study also aims to discover the genuine value and originality of the asset by analysis of formative ratio. As the result of this study, it is proved that the stone pagodas bave been build by characteristic formative ratio, which varies according historical period. It is anticipated that the results of this study will be applied in deriving the historical periods of discovered stone pagodas as well as in preserving existing cultural assets.

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A Study on the Dry Matter Production and Growth Analysis of Zoysia japonica (잔디의 물질생산과 성장해석에 관한 연구)

  • Jin, AHee Sung;Joon Huh
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.161-184
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    • 1986
  • An experiment was made in order to analyze the growth characteristics and productivity of Zoysia japonica under control, mowing and TIBA treatment conditions at the experimental farm of Kyung Hee univ. from May 26 to Oct. 1 in 1985. The field was planned by the randomized block design method and each treatment was given to three plots (2${\times}$2, 4${\times}$4 and 10${\times}$10 cm) and was replicated three times. Each plot was 1$m^2$ for Zoysia japonica. The sampling of each plot was taken once a week after sowing. In order to know the dry matter of total standing crops, kept 9$0^{\circ}C$ and weighted each organ of the plants. Total leaf area of a plant was measured by drawing method. The author adopted the growth analysis of English School. The increasing rates of numbers of leaf and stem were remarkably high in each plot between 10th and 12th weak after sowing and it was highest in TIBA treated plot. The increasin rate of leaf area in each plot was remarkably high beween 10th and 12th week and the maximum value of leaf area was 274.00c$m^2$ in TIBA treated plot of 100 plants/$m^2$. The increasing rate of standing crop was remarkably high between 10th and 12th week and the high increasing tendency in TIBA plot resulted from TIBA. The positive correlationship was founded between standing crop and leaf area. The evaporation rather than temperature acted as a main factor of negative correlation with standing crop during the experiment period. Solar radiation had a high positive correlation in the lower density of plot. C/F ratio was low, during the growth period, from 10th to 12th week after sowing and was low in the higher density under each treated plot. T/R ratio was not constant during the sampling period but was high in the lower density. The increasing rates of RGR and NAR were high between 11th and 12th week after sowing. Leaf area ratio was high in higher density in each plot and not constant in all treated plot.

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The Distributional Changes in the First-Visit Psychiatric Child and Adolescent Outpatients at a University Hospital over a Ten-Year Period (지난 10년간 일 대학병원 정신건강의학과 소아청소년 초진환자 분포의 변화)

  • Kim, Hyo-Jin;Jung, Sung-Won;Jung, Chul-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.165-175
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    • 2015
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in child and adolescent outpatients at a university hospital in Daegu from 2004 to 2013. Methods : The subjects were first-visit patients under 18 years old, who visited Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2013. Computerized medical records of 2,738 patients (male 1,906, female 832) were reviewed. Results : The ratio of male to female was 2.3 : 1 in the period of study. The most prevalent age category was 7-9 years. The mean age was $10.12{\pm}4.68$ years ($9.84{\pm}4.59$ years in males, $10.76{\pm}4.81$ years in females). The ratio of child and adolescent patients to total outpatients was 27.0%. The most common diagnostic category was the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group, followed by the mental retardation (MR) group. In males, the ADHD, MR, communication disorder groups were more prevalent, but in females, the MR, ADHD, depressive disorder groups were more prevalent. Conclusion : The female to male ratio and total mean age were on the rise. The ADHD group was the most prevalent and the depressive disorder group was also on the rise in this period.

Aero Engine in the New Century -Challenge in Technology and Business-

  • Sekido, Toshinori
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2004.03a
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    • pp.440-448
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    • 2004
  • Toasting the 100 year anniversary of controlled, powered flight, the propulsion system used on today's aircraft represents the evolution of jet propulsion based on the gas turbine, first conceived by Whittle and Von Ohain about 70 years ago. In that period, propulsion system concepts have evolved through turbo-props, turbo-jets, low by-pass ratio(BPR) turbofans to today's high BPR 2-shaft and 3-shaft turbofans. Also, this period has seen remarkable progress in the performance, reliability environmental compatibility of these propulsion systems.(omitted)

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Effects of Breed, Laying Age, and Egg Storage Period on the Vitality of Hatched Chicks in Korean Native Chickens (한국토종닭의 품종, 산란 연령 및 종란의 보관 기간이 병아리의 강건성에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Eun Sik;Sohn, Sea Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2021
  • We investigated the effects of breed, laying age, and egg storage period on the vitality of chicks using the Hwanggalsaek Jaeraejong, Korean Rhode Island Red, and Korean White Leghorn chicken breeds. Their eggs were collected during the early laying period (27~29 weeks) and late laying period (50~52 weeks) and were stored for 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. After the eggs hatched, the hatching time, production performance, and organ weight of chicks were investigated. IL-6 gene expression level and relative length of telomeres were analyzed to determine the physiological activity of the chicks. HSP gene expression level and heterophil to lymphocytes ratio were also analyzed to examine the degree of stress response in the chicks. The results showed that breed and laying age influenced the vitality of chicks, but the egg storage period did not. Korean Leghorn chicks were considered the weakest breed in terms of vitality owing to their low survival rate, small heart size, low physiological activity, and high stress response level. Although the survival rate of chicks produced in the early laying period was low, their high physiological activity and low stress response indicated that they had a high vitality than the chicks produced in the late laying period. In conclusion, to obtain chicks with high vitality, it would be desirable to select a high vitality breed and avoid the use of chicks produced in the late laying period.

Studies on the Energy and Protein Requirement Determination for Broiler Production -4. Effect of Iso-calorie and Different Protein Level on Broiler Production- (Broiler 생산(生産)에 있어서 Energy와 Protein 요구량(要求量) 결정(決定)에 관한 연구(硏究) (제4보(第4報)) -동일(同一)Energy수준(水準)에서의 Protein 수준이 Broiler 생산(生産)에 미치는 영향(影響)-)

  • Kim, Dae Jin;Kim, Young Kil;Ko, Yong Du
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.395-400
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    • 1983
  • The experiment was conducted to study the effect of protein level on weight gain, feed consumption and the efficiencies of feed, energy and protein when the broiler chick was fed the diet of different protein level with the iso-calorie content. The energy and protein level of the basal ration was 3200 kcal and 22.85% for starter period and 3265 Kcal and 18.58% for finisher period, respectively. In order to increase the protein level of the experimental diet, the basal diet was substituted by fish meal by the ratio of 3, 6, 9, and 12%. The male Abor Acre broiler chicks were employed for 8 weeks and the result obtained were as follows. 1. The weekly body weight gain was significantly greater for Diet C than for Diet A and E in the starter period and greater for Diet A than for Diet E in the finisher period (P<0.05). 2. In stater period the feed intake was not affected by the protein level but in finisher period the feed intake for Diet C, D, and E was significantly reduced compared with Diet A. 3. As for feed conversion ratio, Diet C of 1.43 was improved significantly compared with Diet A of 1.58(P<0.05). 4. As the protein level of diet increased, the energy efficiency ratio increased and however, the protein efficiency ratio decreased in starter and finisher period. In conclusion the best performance of broiler is thought to be realized when the protein and energy level was 23% and 3200 Kcal for starter period and 20% and 3250 Kcal for finisher period, respectively.

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