• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Zirconium oxide can be a substitute to titanium as implant materials to solve the esthetic problems of dark color in the gingival portion of implant restorations. PURPOSE: This study was performed to define attachment and growth behavior of osteoblast- like cells cultured on grooved surfaces of zirconium oxide and evaluate the genetic effect of zirconium oxide surfaces using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on (1) commercially pure titanium discs with smooth surface (T group), (2) yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) with machined surface (ZS group), and (3) Y-TZP with $100{\mu}m$ grooves (ZG group). Cell proliferation activity was evaluated through MTT assay and cell morphology was examined by SEM. The mRNA expression of Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, TGF-${\beta}1$, IGF-1, G3PDH in E1 cells were evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: From the MTT assay, after 48 hours of adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells, the mean optical density value of T group and ZG group significantly increased compared to the ZS group. SEM images of osteoblast-like cells showed that significantly more cells were observed to attach to the grooves and appeared to follow the direction of the grooves. After 24 hours of cell adhesion, more spreading and flattening of cells with active filopodia formation occurred. Results of RT-PCR suggest that T group, ZS group, and ZG group showed comparable osteoblast-specific gene expression after 24 hours of cell incubation. CONCLUSION: Surface topography and material of implants can play an important role in expression of osteoblast phenotype markers. Zirconia ceramic showed comparable biological responses of osteoblast-like cells with titanium during a short-time cell culture period. Also, grooves influence cell spreading and guide the cells to be aligned within surface grooves.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.458-466
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• 1998

Non-odontogenic tumors can be classified as malignant or benign. Most oral tumors in children are benign. In the Belfast series only 7.5 percent of soft tissue tumors were malignant and Bhaskar(l963) found only 9 percent of 293 oral tumors of all kinds to be malignant. Benign tumors may be classified as epithelial and mesenchymal. The most common tumor of surface epithelium is the squamous papilloma. These are easily recognized clinically as cauliflower-like lesions. Fibrous lesions are very common in children's mouths. Many of these are not true neoplasms but are related to fibrous hyperplasia. Another common oral tumor in children is angiomatous tumors. Hemangioma occurred more frequently than lymphangioma. Cystic hygroma, a cystic subtype of lymphangioma, is a developmental tumor of lymphatic origin. It is a considered to be a relatively rare lesion. About 50 percent of cystic hygroma are present at birth, and most of the remaining 50 percent appear in the early years of life during the period of active lymphatic growth. The preferred treatment for these lesions, except for hemangioma, is complete surgical excision. With proper surgical techniques, recurrence is not expected.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2020

Purpose : Middle school students in the early stages of adolescents need balanced growth and development, and they are in the process of forming healthy lifestyles and are in an important period when they need to lay the foundation for a healthy life through active health management and guidance. Through systematic health-related policies and education, I intend to lay the groundwork for them to form healthy lifestyles in their high schools and adulthood. Methods : For this study, a survey was conducted from September 1 to October 30, 2019, and 300 middle school students based in Busan Metropolitan City were surveyed. Based on the analysis and results of preceding studies, a research model was set up to find out the effect of family support, health control activities and self-efficacy on health promoting behaviors and how health promoting behaviors affect the quality of life. Results : First, if family support is high, health promotion behavior and quality of life are analyzed to be high, so family support is affecting health promotion behavior and quality of life. Second, health control behavior had a significant effect on health promotion behavior, but did not affect the quality of life. Third, self-efficacy was having a significant effect on health promotion behavior and quality of life. Fourth, health promotion behavior was affecting the quality of life. Conclusion : In order to improve the quality of life, middle school students should first increase their health promotion behavior, and it is important to be supported by their family members and strengthen their self-efficacy as variables that increase their health promotion behavior. First of all, they should be given the infinite trust of the family and the strong belief that the family always supports them, and based on this, the student himself will be able to strengthen his or her self-efficacy. In addition, the process of physical and mental change of students comes to everyone, but during this process, members of society, such as families and schools, should send them support and trust so that they can grow up to be the decent members of society.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.275-279
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• 1977

During the experimental rearing period of common carp in a small simple recirculating aquarium combined with frequent exchanges of water and cleanings, some observations were made on the conditions of fish growing which was directly and instantly affected by the cleaning frequency of strainer, changing rate of water, division and frequency of feed supply, prohibition of excess feeding and the amount of dissolved oxygen. The fish don't seem to be stressed by the manipulation for the change of rearing water, cleaning of detritus in the strainer and filter. It appeared that the most hazzardous matters to fish growth were : 1) supplying feed when fish do not show active response to feed supplied, and 2) giving ample amount of feed at one time. When especially the amount of the feed is within the range fish instantly can swallow, the water clarity is maintained even after feeding operation, but if any excess amount is given the fish intake into mouth much more feed than able to instantly swallow and try to swallow it resulting in much dissolving and suspension of feed materials in water, making the water quite cloudy. Consequently all the water as well as filter bed becomes significantly polluted.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

The utilization of coatings composed of bio-based materials in the processing and preservation of meat presents an environmentally conscious, secure, cost-effective, and superior method for prolonging the storage life of meat while also preserving its nutritional value. In this study, changes in physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of freshly cut beef coated with distilled water (control) and keratin-starch composites (K-S) functionalized with 0.0-, 0.2-, 0.6-, and 1.0-mL avocado peel polyphenolic-rich extract (APPPE) kept at 4℃ for 12 days were evaluated periodically at 3-day interval using standard techniques. Keratin was extracted from waste feathers, while starch was obtained from ginger rhizomes. Following a 12-day storage period, beef coated with APPPE-enriched K-S composites exhibited a significant (p<0.05) improvement in shelf life by minimizing deteriorative changes in pH and color (as determined by metmyoglobin level) in addition to inhibiting oxidative changes in lipids (as determined by TBARS level) and proteins (protein carbonyl level) in comparison to control and K-S composite without APPPE. Furthermore, microbial growth was significantly (p<0.05) suppressed in meat coated with K-S composite functionalized with APE at 0.6 and 1.0 mL compared to the control. The study suggested that APPPE-enriched K-S composite could offer an eco-friendly and safe food preservation technique for fresh meat.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.19 no.1 s.29
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• pp.90-103
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to analyze media companies' editorial viewpoints regarding environmental issues. Not only do newspaper editorials provide a variety of environmental information, but also they make it possible for the public to form an opinion and to establish communication channels regarding environmental issues. With this in mind, this paper analyzes the changes in environmental reporting over the past two decades. The newspaper companies started writing more frequently about the environment from early 1980s. To show this, I analyzed environmental articles written in the six main news-paper companies: Chosun, Donga, Hangerae, Kyunghyang, Hankook, and Munwha from 1999 to 2004. For this study, the articles have been complied by using the Korean Integrated News Database System (KINDS). Also the data has been sorted according to year, subject, and ty the company of origin. The total number of the environmental articles posted on these six daily newspapers from 1999 to 2004 is 729 and these represent 2.59% of the total articles. Hankook-Ilbo was the company that handled the most of environmental articles followed by Hangerae, Munwha, Kyunghwang, Chosun, and Donga. The major topics of discussion were environmental development and water quality issues. The number of the environmental related articles increased in 1999 and 2000, but then decreased from 2001 to 2003. Again the number increased in 2004. Interestingly while the number of articles covering the environment increased from the 1980s and into the 1990s, the number of articles decreased from 1999 to 2004 as the post-IMF period seems to have suppressed interest in the ecological issues despite the economic growth that followed. With the change in media coverage people have begun to recognize environmental issues as having social impact. As a result the people have begun to take such issues more seriously and take more active role in effecting environmental policy. Thus it is important that the media presents it's stories in an object manner to insure that the public is properly informed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.330-338
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• 2010

In this study, removal characteristics of nitrogen oxides $(NO_x)$ from road transport by using peat as the packing media for biodegradation have been investigated in the long term. Physicochemical and biological treatment of peatmixed media eliminates any requirement to use chemical substances and also facilitates the biodegradable actions of microorganism. Safe biodegradation of pollutants, no need to apply additional microbes owing to their active growth, and no generation of secondary pollutants were found in this experiment. It was concluded that average removal efficiencies of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide $(NO_2)$ were 80% and 97% respectively with respect to the linear velocity 35~40 mm/s and 0.3 ppm ozone concentration in the long period operation. Inflow concentration of nitric oxide over 0.05 ppm was suitable when pretreated with ozone. Non-ozone stage was performed with linear velocity 20~100 mm/s and then the average removal efficiency of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide were 38% and 94% respectively. Other results showed that the apparent static pressure was raised with increases in applied water content and aerial velocity in mixed media during fan operation.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.51-74
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• 2024

Korea continues to invest in the IT industry and is currently regarded as one of the five major powerhouses in the field of intellectual property. However, it is evaluated that this status is only limited, and the level of intellectual property protection and dispute resolution does not reach a level commensurate with the status of one of the five major intellectual property powers. To address these problems, the Korean government has enacted the Arbitration Industry Promotion Act in 2017, which aims to strengthen national competitiveness by fostering the arbitration system as an industry and provide systematic support so that the arbitration industry can become a future growth engine. In addition, in accordance with Article 3 of the 「Arbitration Industry Promotion Act」, the Minister of Justice must establish "the Basic Plan for Arbitration Industry Promotion" every 5 years. Great efforts must be put into establishing an Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) system at the KCAB for five years from 2024 to 2028, the Second Basic Plan for the Promotion of the Arbitration Industry period. Under these circumstances, this study presents implications and improvement measures for the development of the intellectual property-related arbitration system to protect Korea's intellectual property rights and contribute to more active intellectual property creation. In particular, this study proposes a plan to build an one-stop digital platform for KCAB to implement an efficient ODR system.

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.459-474
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• 2008

Aerosol scattering coefficients for three different wavelengths ($\lambda$=450,550,700 nm) are measured almost continuously by a nephelometer in Seoul for a period of 13 months (February 2007-February 2008), which includes two weeks break in August 2007 for measurements at Daegwallyeong and YoungJongdo. The mean of the daily average scattering coefficients at $\lambda$=550 nm is $194.1{\pm}144.2Mm^{-1}$ and the minimum and maximum are $14.3Mm^{-1}$ and $998.1Mm^{-1}$, respectively. The scattering coefficient shows a general increasing trend with atmospheric relative humidity (RH). When the data are classified according to weather conditions, the days with no major weather events show the smallest scattering coefficient and also the lowest RH. Surprisingly haze/fog days show the largest scattering coefficient and Asian dust days comes in second. Although the variation is large within a season, winter shows the largest and autumn shows the smallest scattering coefficient. The average ${\AA}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m$ exponent is $1.40{\pm}0.32$ for the entire Seoul measurement. As expected, Asian dust days show the smallest ${\AA}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m$ exponent and haze/fog days are the next, suggesting more efficient hygroscopic growth of aerosols for this weather condition. Aerosol scattering coefficient seems to show better correspondence with CCN concentration rather than total aerosol concentration, which may indicate that CCN active aerosols are also good scattering aerosols.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.6 s.112
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• pp.499-508
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• 2006

Many changes lie ahead for Korea both domestically and internationally including opening of Busan New Port, more active Gwangyang Port as well as rapid growth of Shanghai Port and enhanced services and productivity at Shenzen Port. Compared to newer ports, container terminals in Busan Port possesses old equipment and facilities. Therefore, in order for Busan Port to maintain its service level and remain competitive, it needs to undergo remodeling to enhance productivity. Remodeling activities should be implemented on a continual basis by developing and applying new technologies such as those for gate system, berth system, yard system, and IT system In order to review the alternatives, we performed questionnaire survey and interview. From the result of analysis, we designed the application plan based on priority in remodeling, period of technology application, and direction for application.