• 제목/요약/키워드: period appraisal

검색결과 83건 처리시간 0.027초

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Farmers in the Southeast Asia Region: A Systematic Review

  • Kurnia A. Akbar;Phally Try;Pramon Viwattanakulvanid;Kraiwuth Kallawicha
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.243-249
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    • 2023
  • Background: Southeast Asia has many people who work in the agriculture sector. Not many stakeholders pay special attention to the health of farmers, even though they are exposed to various types of hazards. One of the most common health complaints among farmers is related to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study aims to assess the prevalence of WMSDs and factors associated with them among farmers in Southeast Asia. Methods: A literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and EBSCO was conducted. Articles were included if they studied ergonomic problems among farmers from 11 countries in the Southeast Asia region and were published during 2015-2022. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. The search process and retrieval process reflected PRISMA's recommendation. Result: There were 14 studies found from 3 countries that had published articles in PubMed and ScienceDirect, including Thailand [8], Indonesia [4], and Malaysia [2]. The prevalence of WMSDs in Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia was 78,31%, 81,27%, and 88,39%, respectively. Common factors associated with WMSDs include age, sex, smoking habits, drinking alcohol habits, working period (years), type of work, awkward position, non-ergonomic equipment, repetitive movements, and lifting heavy loads. Conclusion: The prevalence of WMSDs among farmers in Southeast Asia is considerably high. Effective intervention is essential for reducing the prevalence and protecting workers' health and well-being.

환경부 8일 유량.수질 자료를 이용한 SWAT 자동보정 모듈 개선 및 적용 평가 (Enhancement and Application of SWAT Auto-Calibration using Korean Ministry of Environment 8-Day Interval Flow/Water Quality data)

  • 강현우;류지철;강형식;최재완;문종필;최중대;임경재
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.247-254
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    • 2012
  • Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been widely used in estimation of flow and water quality at various watersheds worldwide, and it has an auto-calibration tool that could calibrate the flow and water quality data automatically from thousands of simulations. However, only continuous measured day flow/water quality data could be used in the current SWAT auto-calibration tool. Therefore, 8-day interval flow and water quality data measured nationwide by Korean Ministry of Environment (MOE) could not be used in SWAT auto-calibration even though long-term flow and water quality data in the Korean Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) watersheds available. In this study, current SWAT auto-calibration was modified to calibrate flow and water quality using 8-day interval flow and water quality data. As a result of this study, the Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values for flow estimation using auto-calibration are 0.77 (calibration period) and 0.68 (validation period), and NSE value for water quality (T-P load) estimation (using the 8-day interval water quality data) is 0.80. The enhanced SWAT auto-calibration could be used in the estimation of continuous flow and water quality data at the outlet of TMDL watersheds and ungaged point of watersheds. In the next study, the enhanced SWAT auto-calibration will be integrated with Web based Load Duration Curve (LDC) system, and it could be suggested as methods of appraisal of TMDL in South Korea.

기후변화와 사회경제요인 변화에 따른 4대강의 물부족 피해 추정 (Climate Change and Socioeconomic Change Effects on the Four Major Rivers: An Economic Appraisal)

  • 이윤
    • 환경정책연구
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.107-130
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문은 한반도의 기후변화 영향이 수자원에 미치는 영향을 물부족과 가뭄을 중심으로 분석하였고 대상지역은 4대 하천이 중심이 되었다. 물론 기후변화의 영향은 강수량의 증가로 인한 홍수피해의 증가와 온도 상승 및 강수량의 감소로 인한 가뭄의 증가로 구분되어 설명해야 한다. 하지만 본 논문에서는 자료의 한계와 홍수피해를 산정하기 위한 우리나라의 침수피해모형이 존재하지 않기 때문에 기후변화의 영향이 가뭄피해에 국한되어 연구의 한계점을 가지고 있다. 또한 기후변화가 수자원에 영향을 주는 것을 확률적으로 분석할 필요성이 있으나 본 논문에서는 gamma function을 이용하여 실패확률 5% 이내에서 추산하였기 때문에 다양한 확률모형으로 연구의 분석 방법을 확장할 수 있다. 정치한 분석을 위해서 할인율은 단기, 중기, 장기로 구분하여 각각 2.76%, 1.45%, 0.62%로 가정하여 분석하였다. 전체적인 한강수계를 제외하고는 단기에 피해비용이 발생하지 않는 것으로 나타난다. 한강의 경우는 생활용수의 급격한 증가로 인하여 물 수요가 증가하는 것이 초기에 물 부족 현상으로 인하여 지속적인 피해를 발생시키는 것으로 나타났다.

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겨울철 냉기를 이용한 벼의 저온저장 (II) - 빈상부 쿨링시스템을 이용한 냉각 벼의 저온저장 특성 - (Low Temperature Storage of Rough Rice Using Cold-Air in Winter (II) - Low Temperature Storage Characteristics of Rough Rice Using a Cooling System in the Top of a Bin -)

  • 이재석;홍현기;리혁;박종수;함택모;한충수
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.13-19
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    • 2007
  • Storage rough rice in low temperature using the winter cold air avoids rough rice temperature increase which happens from early May, and this is possible by installing a cooling system in the top of a bin, the room between top rice level and bin ceiling. The research objective is to establish low temperature rough rice storage technique, furnishing winter cold air to rough rice, by investigating the cooling system potential of maintaining low rough rice temperature and by analyzing rough rice storage characteristics over a storage period. The rough rice storage characteristics were evaluated from January to August 2003, using a storage and dry bin of 400-ton capacity. Results of this research are as follows: Cooling bin using the cooling system in the top of the bin maintained the rice temperature less than 15$^{\circ}C$ in entire portions in August. Moisture contents and germination rates of rough rice were decreased over the storage period, on the other hand, the rough rice stored in the ambient temperature bin had relatively lower moisture contents and germination rates to compare with the bin using winter cold air. Crack ratio and acid value of brown rice in the ambient temperature bin storage had increased more than the cooling bin storage. The result indicates that the storage bin using winter cold air and the cooling system maintains moisture content and germination of rice, minimizes cracked kernel and acid value, and preserves rice quality as well.

외식전공 대학생의 외식산업분야 직업평가에 관한 연구 (A Study on Occupation-appraisal of Students' Majorin in Culinary and Food Service)

  • 진양호
    • 한국조리학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.240-253
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 외식전공 대학생의 외식산업분야 직업에 대한 인식을 파악하고, 응답자 특성에 따라 외식산업분야의 직업평가에 어떠한 차이를 보이는지 실증적으로 분석하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2014년 5월 19일부터 5월 30일까지 설문조사를 진행하여 211부를 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, t-test, One way ANOVA를 시행하였다. 직업존중감에 대한 척도는 긍정적 가치, 사회적 평판, 부정적 대우, 상대적 효익으로 구성하였으며, 각 구성개념들은 통계적으로 유의한 타당성과 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 인구통계적 특성에 따른 직업존중감의 요인 별 차이를 분석한 결과, 성별에 따라 사회적 평판을 다르게 지각하고 있는 것을 확인하였고, 학년의 차이에 따라 긍정적 가치를 다르게 인식하고 있다는 것을 검증하였다. 또 전공에 따라 긍정적 가치와 부정적 대우에 대해 인지하는 정도가 다르다고 분석되었으며, 미래 희망직업에 따라 상대적 효익과 부정적 대우를 다르게 지각하고 있다는 것을 파악하였다. 이는 직업존중감이 높아지면 전공만족도와 진로결정수준이 높아진다는 선행연구의 결과에 따라 외식전공 대학생의 직업존중감을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 함을 시사하고 있다. 특히 외식산업분야 직업에 대해 가장 부정적으로 인식하고 있는 사회적 평판과 부정적 대우에 대한 보다 실질적인 개선책을 마련해야함을 강조하고자 한다.

과학기술분야 연구기관의 공통기능 보존기간기준표 설계 사례 (A Case Study on Redesigning the Retention Schedule of Common Functions in National Research Institutes of Science and Technology)

  • 이미영;박윤미;심세현;김슬기;김현우;주미경
    • 한국기록관리학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.125-143
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 연구기관 기록관리업무에서 기본적으로 요구되는 기록물 분류체계와 평가도구로서의 보존기간기준표를 공동으로 설계했던 과정에 대한 기록이다. 8개 기관이 자발적으로 참여하여 약 4개월 동안 공통기능 16개, 단위업무 66개, 기록물철 381개로 구성된 보존기간기준표를 설계하였다. 그 과정은 '참여기관 전체의 기록관리 관련 규정 검토, 보존기간기준표의 계층구조와 범위 결정, 16개 공통기능 도출, 기능별 단위업무 도출, 단위업무별 기록물철 구성, 기록물철별 보존기간 책정'의 순으로 진행되었다. 연구기관 및 연구기록 관리에 특정된 국가주도의 연구기록 관리 정책과 전략을 당장은 기대하기 힘든 상황에서 과학기술분야 연구기관 기록관리담당자들이 공동으로 설계한 보존기간기준표는 기관에서 유용한 기록관리도구가 될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 유사기관 기록관리담당자들간의 이러한 협업 노력은 향후 새로운 정책과 혁신플랜에도 공동으로 대응할 수 있는 의미있는 경험이 될 것이다.

조선총독부 공문서의 기록학적 평가 -조선총독부 도시계획 관련 공문서군을 중심으로- (Archival Appraisal of Public Records Regarding Urban Planning in Japanese Colonial Period)

  • 이승일
    • 기록학연구
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    • 제12호
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    • pp.179-235
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    • 2005
  • In this article, the task of evaluating the official documents that were created and issued by the Joseon Governor General office during the Japanese occupation period, with new perspectives based upon the Macro-Appraisal approaches developed by the Canadian scholars and personnel, will be attempted. Recently, the Canadian people and the authorities have been showing a tendency of evaluating the meaning and importance of a particular document with perspectives considering the historical situation and background conditions that gave birth to that document to be a more important factor, even than considering the quality and condition of that very document. Such approach requires the archivists to determine whether they should preserve a certain document or not based upon the meaning, functions and status of the entity that produced the document or the meaning of the documentation practice itself, rather than the actual document. With regard to the task of evaluating the official documents created and issued by the Joseon Governor General office and involved the city plans devised by the office back then, this author established total of 4 primary tasks that would prove crucial in the process of determining whether or not a particular theme, or event, or an ideology should be selected and documents involving those themes, events and ideologies should be preserved as important sources of information regarding the Korean history of the Japanese occupation period. Those four tasks are as follow: First, the archivists should study the current and past trends of historical researches. The archivists, who are usually not in the position of having comprehensive access to historical details, must consult the historians' studies and also the trends mirrored in such studies, in their efforts of selecting important historical events and themes. Second, the archivists should determine the level of importance of the officials who worked inside the Joseon Governor General office as they were the entities that produced the very documents. It is only natural to assume that the level of importance of a particular document must have been determined by the level of importance(in terms of official functions) of the official who authorized the document and ordered it to be released. Third, the archivists should be made well aware of the inner structure and official functions of the Joseon Governor General office, so that they can have more appropriate analyses. Fourth, in order to collect historically important documents that involved the Koreans(the Joseon people), the archivists should analyze not only the functions of the Joseon Governor General office in general but also certain areas of the Office's business in which the Japanese officials and the Koreans would have interacted with each other. The act of analyzing the documents only based upon their respective levels of apparent importance might lead the archivists to miss certain documents that reflected the Koreans' situation or were related to the general interest of the Korean people. This kind of evaluation should provide data that are required in appraising how well the Joseon Governor General office's function of devising city plans were documented back then, and how well they are preserved today, utilizing a comparative study involving the Joseon Governor General office's own evaluations of its documentations and the current status of documents that are in custody of the National Archive. The task would also end up proposing a specialized strategy of collecting data and documents that is direly needed in establishing a well-designed comprehensive archives. We should establish a plan regarding certain documents that were documented by the Joseon Governor General office but do not remain today, and devise a task model for the job of primary collecting that would take place in the future.

일부 공공보건기관 방문보건요원의 교육요구도 조사 (Education Need of the Visit ing Health Service Workers in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do Public Health Facilities)

  • 김영락;김신월;정은경;최진수
    • 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.51-64
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    • 2002
  • 전라남도의 무작위 추출된 10개 시 군과 광주광역시 5개 구의 방문보건사업 담당직원 200명 중 우편설문조사에 응답한 144명을 연구대상으로 하여 방문보건 사업과 관련된 교육훈련경험 여부와 만족도, 응답자의 주관적 판단에 의한 방문보건서비스 관리 지식 정도 그리고 향후 방문보건사업에 필요한 교육훈련에 대한 요구도에 대해 조사하여 향후 방문보건요원의 교육훈련의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자 중 3년 동안 한가지 이상의 중앙교육 훈련 경험자는 43명(29.9%), 광역자치단체의 교육훈련 경험자는 57명(39.6%), 그리고 지방자치단체의 교육훈련 경험자는 53명(36.8%) 등으로 나타났다. 교육과정에 대한 만족도를 점수화 한 결과 중앙 교육($2.38{\pm}0.57$)이 광역자치단체 교육($2.18{\pm}0.57$)과 기초자치단체 교육($2.13{\pm}0.54$)보다 높았다. 2. 조사대상자의 방문보건서비스 관리 지식 정도는 환자 및 질병관리 영역 중 투약 및 검사, 상처 및 욕창 관리, 환자 개인위생, 고혈압환자 관리, 당뇨환자 관리, 관절염환자 관리 그리고 전염성질환자 관리, 고위험 가족 및 가정환경 관리 영역 중 환경위생 관리, 안전 및 사고 관리 그리고 감염관리, 건강증진관리 영역이 5점 만점에 평균 3점 이상이었으며, 재활 및 요양 영역은 전반적으로 평균 3점 이하의 점수를 보였다. 3. 조사대상자의 방문보건서비스 관리 지식 정도는 간호사 자격증을 소지하고 있는 경우 높았으며, 중앙 교육 중 노인보건, 재활 등 실무영역과 정신보건전문간호사, 광역자치단체 교육 중 보건진료원보수교육, 정신 보건교육, 그리고 기초자치단체 교육의 건강증진영역, 노인보건, 재활 등 실무영역, 정신보건영역과 급성질환 관리영역에 대한 교육훈련 경험이 있는 경우 높았다. 4. 조사대상자의 교육내용에 대한 요구도는 노인건강 관리과정이 가장 높았고, 최근 업무가 새롭게 추진되고 있는 노인보건, 호스피스, 치매노인관리, 재활, 건강증진 등이 높은 것으로 조사되었으며, 방문보건사업 업무별로는 방문보건사업전반이 가장 높았고 방문보건사업에서 실제 서비스를 제공하는 분야가 교육의 요구도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 교육방법으로는 공무원 집단교육(47.0%)을, 교육전담 주체는 광역자치단체 (30.4%)를, 교육방식은 실습(57.7%)을, 교육횟수는 년 2-3회(44.5%)를, 교육기간은 3-5일(41.0%)을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 지역사회 주민에게 효과적인 방문보건서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 방문보건사업에 대한 지식 정도를 높일 수 있는 교육훈련의 기회를 확대하고 방문보건요원의 교육요구도에 근거하여 교육훈련을 개선해야 할 것이다.

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풍속화(風俗畵)에 나타난 18세기(世紀) 조선시대(朝鮮時代) 식기(食器)와 음식문화(飮食文化) 연구 - 단원(檀園) 김홍도(金弘道)의 작품을 중심으로 - (A Study on the characteristic of the tableware pottery and the Food Culture for Genre Painting in the 18th Chosun Period -Focused on the works of Dan-won Kim Hong-do-)

  • 김미혜;정혜경
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.653-664
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    • 2007
  • This study intends to consider about the food culture during the latterly Chosun Dynasty through the genre paintings which are depicted realistically about the total food life figures for example not only the foods, but also that people who eat and drink the food and eating implements, eating methods. There are 9 pieces of works Kim hong-do's which are the best appraisal on the incorporated Korean emotion and on the real life of general public. Those are selected for this study's characteristics through the literature consideration. The characteristics of the tableware pottery and food culture are following things. The first is a white porcelain's development and popularization. In the latterly Chosun Dynasty period, the development of the agriculture and commerce made been connected to the affluent food cultures, these made increase the porcelain's use of upper classes and these made been connected to the development of the porcelain's cultures. The second is the development of various pottery with a dark brown glaze manufactures. The development of agriculture and economy power made bring the development of the kinds of sauces and Kimchi culture with an inflow of foreign crops and these made making the large an earthenware pot or jar which could store something during the long time. The third is the development of the small dining table on the eating the bread of idleness. In the Chosun dynasty period, the food style was been unified to he eating the bread of idleness and been lowered. These made developed of various small dining table through the underfloor heating system's generalization. The fourth is the development of the spoon with the soup culture. It is the East Asia called that the spoon culture boundary, this show the characteristic that we use the spoon mainly compare with another countries. Finally, it is universal use of the fixed quantitative implements. They could live quantitative life with the scales which are jar of soy sauce, liquor jug, jar, scoop leading a set of tableware.

Prediction of Carcass Fat, Protein, and Energy Content from Carcass Dry Matter and Specific Gravity of Broilers

  • Wiernusz, C.J.;Park, B.C.;Teeter, R.G.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 1999
  • Three experiments were conducted to develop and test equations for predicting carcass composition. In the first study using 52 d-old Cobb ${\times}$ Cobb male broilers, twenty four carcasses were selected from 325 processed birds based upon visual appraisal for abdominal fat (low, medium, high) and assayed for specific gravity (SG), dry matter (DM), fat, protein, and ash. In experiment 2, 120 birds were fed rations containing 2 caloric densities (2,880 and $3,200kcal\;ME_n/kg$ diet) and assayed as described above on weeks 2,3,4,5, and 6. Carcass fat was elevated (p < 0.05) with increased caloric density. In both studies predictive variables were significantly correlated with chemically determined carcass fat, protein, and ash contents. Pooled across the 2 studies, data were used to form SG, DM, and or age based equations for predicting carcass composition. Results were tested in experiment 3, where 576 birds reared to 49-d consumed either 2,880, 3,200, or $3,574kcal\;ME_n/kg$ diet while exposed to constant $24^{\circ}C$ or cycling 24 to $35^{\circ}C$ ambient temperatures. Both dietary and environmental effects impacted (p < 0.05) carcass composition. The fat content analyzed chemically was enhanced from 12.4 to 15.7%, and predicted fat was also elevated from 13.4 to 14.8% with increasing caloric density. Heat distress reduced (p < 0.05) analyzed carcass protein (18.9 vs 18.3%) and predicted protein (18.2 vs 17.5%). Predicted equation values for carcass fat, protein, ash, and energy were correlated with the chemically analyzed values at r=0.96, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.79, respectively. Results suggest that prediction equations based on DM and SG may be used to estimate carcass fat, protein, ash, and energy contents of broilers consuming diets that differ in caloric density (2,800 to $3,574kcal\;ME_n/kg$) and for broilers exposed to either constant ($24^{\circ}C$) or cycling high (24 to $35^{\circ}C$) ambient temperatures during 49-d rearing period tested in the present study.