• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 1985

The experiment was carried out to evaluated the interaction between perfluidone(2-methyl-4-phenylsulphonyltrifluoromethylsulphoanilide) and bifenox(2,4-dichlorophenyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-nitrophenylether). A synergistic effect was found between perfluidone and bifenox. The highest synergistic effect on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.). Beauv. was obtained when 10 g a.i./10a of perfluidone was combined with 24.9 g a.i./10a of bifenox. However, bifenox should be increased to 33.3, g a.i./10a to obtain the highest synergistic effect when applied to Cyperus serotinus Rottb. at 1.0-1.5 leaf stage. Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. at 0.5-1.0sleaf stage was completely controlled by the lowest combination rate employed.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-99
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• 1983

The herbicidal properties of perfluidone [1,1,1-trifluoro-N-2-methyl-4-(phenylsulponyl) phenyl methanesulfonamide] were investigated in pots and paddy fields. At the rate of 2.0kg prod./10a, perfluidone did not cause any injury to the 4 leaf stage (LS) rice seedlings. Although the crop injury increased with increasing the application rate, the injury caused by 16kg prod. perfluidone/10a gave rise to only 30% yield reduction. The crop injury was greatest when perfluidone was applied 2 days before transplanting and decreased as the application time delayed. Perfluidone showed greater crop injury to the 3 LS seedlings, at more than 7cm water depth, and at high temperature than to the 4 LS seedlings, at 3-5cm water depth, and at low temperature. Indica and indica ${\times}$ japonica rice varieties were generally more sensitive to perfluidone than japonica rice variety. Perfluidone effectively controlled most of annual weeds and such perennial weeds as Sagittaria pygmaea MIQ., Potamogeton distinctus A. BENN, Cyperus serotinus ROTTB, Scirpus maritimus L., Eleocharis kuroguwai OHWL, and Scirpus hotarui OHWL, whereas Sagittaria trifolia L. and Polygonum hydropiper SPACH. were tolerent to perfluidone. The weeding effect decreased with increasing the leaching amount of water and the overflowing of irrigated water within 24 hours after the herbicide application. When the application time was done later than 8 days after transplanting, the perennial weeds were shown at deeper soil layers, and the standing water was deeper than 7cm, the effect tended to decrease. However, there was no difference in the weeding effect between soil types. Downward movement of perfluidone in flooded soil ranged from 2 to 8cm deep. The movement increased with increasing the leaching amount of water and the application rate and at a sandy loam soil which possessed less adsorptive capacity. Residual effect of perfluidone was found at 35 to 80 days after application, which varied such factors as Soil types. Increase in the leaching amount of water resulted in decrease in the period of the residual effect. The period was shorter at non-sterilized soil than at sterilized soil. The 0.75kg ai perfluidone + 1.5kg ai SL-49 (1,3-dimethyl-6-(2,4-dichlor-benzoyl)-5-phenacyloxy-pyrazole)/ha and 1.5kg ai perfluidone + 1.05kg ai bifenox (2,4-dichlorophenyl-3-methoxy carbonyl-4-nitro phenyl ether)/ha showed less crop injury than 1.5kg ai/ha perfluidone alone. However, the weeding effect of the former was similar to that of the later.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 1982

A field experiment was conducted in 1981 at the Crop Experiment Station, Suweon, Korea, in machine transplanted paddy rice field, to study the effectiveness of single herbicide, mixture, and systematic application of herbicides on diversity of weed control spectrum. The rice variety planted was Taebaegbyeo, Indica ${\times}$ Japonica cross bred. Experimental field was dominated by Echinochtoa crusgalli, Eleocharis kuroguwai, and Scirpus hotarui, and importance values based on dry weight of these weeds were 89%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. The mixture or systematic treatments of herbicide were generally more effective than single herbicide applications on weed control. Coefficients of similarity based on floristic composition after herbicide application between Perfluidone (5G) and Chloromethoxynil (7G), and between Pertluidone (5G) and Bifenox (7G), and between Perfluidone (5G) and three types of Butachlor (6G) were low, and these sets seemed to be a good mixture herbicide in paddy fields. While, Perfluidone (5G) had low coefficient of similarity with other single herbicides tested. The information on coefficient of similarity could be used as parameter for selecting herbicides to increase the efficiency of herbicidal performance. Simpson's indices from Butachlor (3.5G)/SL-49 (7G), Butachlor (3.5G)/Pyrazolate (6G), and Perfluidone (5G) treatments were high, and these herbicide treatments tended to the weed community type simplified, while the indices from Perfluidone (5G) + Chloromethoxynil (7G), Butachlor (6G) fb Perftuidone (5G), and Butachlor (4G)/Naproanilide (6G) treatments were low, and these herbicide treatments caused to the community type diversified in terms of floristic composition.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-6
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• 1985

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 1985

Effect of perfluidone(2-methyl-4-phenylsulphonyltrifluoromethylsulphoanilide) and bifenox(2,4-dichlorophenyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-nitrophenylether) mixture on weed control and plant growth and yield of transplanted rice was determined. Perfluidone-bifenox mixture applied at 75-105 g a.i./10a controlled effectively perennial weeds such as Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., Potamogeton dtstinctus A. Benn., Cyperus serotinus Rottb, Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, including most annual weeds, but did not control Sagittaria trifolia L.. There was no phytotoxicity caused by perfluidone-bifenox mixture when applied at 100-140 g a.i./10a. The mixture at 150-210 g a.i./10a caused crop injury, but did not affect the yield. Phytotoxicity due to the mixture decreased as the application time was delayed.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 1985

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.4 s.29
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• pp.205-214
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• 1976

Effect of Butachlor(2-chloro-2, 6-diethyl N-(buthoxymethyl) acetanilide), Nitrofen(2,4-dichloro-4-nitrodiphenyl ether), Benthiocarb+Simetryne(s-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N, N-diethylthiocarbamate $7\%$+2-methylthio-4, 6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine $1.5\%)$, Propanil (3,4-dichloropropionanilide), and Perfluidone {1. 1. 1-trifluoro-N, N-(2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl) Pheny1) methanesulfon amide} on urea hydrolysis and subsequent nitrification was investigated in a flooded soil incubated at $24\pm1^{\circ}C$ for 9 weeks. 1. Butachlor and Perfluidone at the rate of 1,440 and 1,200g, ai/10a, respectively, slightly inhibited the early stage of urea decomposition, and caused a slight decrease in the production of ammomium, which, however, was recovered readily. 2. Propanil at the rate of 2,800g, ai/10a imhibited the first stage of nitrification, and brought about a slight increase in the ammonium conentration and a decrease in the concentration of nitrite and nitrate. This inhibitive effect was a little more evident at higher concentration of applied nitrogen. The other herbicides caused no inhibition of urea decomposition and subsequent nitrification even at the highest rate of application. 3. pH and Eh of the soil were not significantly affected by the herbicides tested.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 1982

Herbicide mixtures, butachlor + naproanilide, CG113 + naproanilide and benthiocarb + naproanilide were tested in order to control Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., one of the most serious perennial weeds in paddy field of Honam area. 92% of tuber of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. was distributed within 9cm from the soil surface and number of emerged Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. increased until 40 days after rice transplanting but decreased thereafter. Number and dry weight of survived Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. were much less in butachlor + naproanilide, CG 113 + naproanilide and benthiocarb + naproanilide treatments than perfluidone and it was controlled by up to 95% by mixture treatments. Number of rhizome of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. was decreased by all herbicide treatments and especially mixture treatment significantly reduced rhizome formation compared to perfluidone and 2.4 -D treatments. CG113 + naproanilide treatment caused phytotoxicity that tip of leaf sticked to leaf sheath curvedly in Indica ${\times}$ Japonica rice, Iri 358, but it was recovered within 10 days after herbicide treatment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 1992

The technicals of KC-7079, isoprothiolane, perfluidone and tricyclazole were granulated with a mixture of inorganic carrier and oil-soluble binder, that is, stearly alcohol or ethyl cellulose. The concentration of the released active ingredient from the granules was analyzed at several days intervals after immersion of these granules in water at $25^{\circ}C$. At the content of stearyl alcohol less than $80g\;kg^{-1}$, the granule kneaded with stearyl alcohol mixture and water disintegrated in water. But the granule kneaded with methanol disintegrated in water at the content of stearyl alcohol less than $30g\;kg^{-1}$. The less the KC-7079-stearyl alcohol granule disintegrated, the slower the release rate of KC-7079 was. No matter how was increased the stearyl alcohol content, the release rate of KC-7079 granule which did not disintegrate was not significantly changed. The sustained releasing effect of the granules was little in the other three pesticides of which the water solubility was higher than of KC-7079(21 ppm). The granule made of ethyl cellulose did not disintegrate even at $5g\;kg^{-1}$ of ethyl cellulose. With the increase of ethyl cellulose content and the decrease of active ingredient in the granules, the sustaining effect of the granules on releasing acitive ingredient was increased. The lower the water solubility of pesticide was, the release rate tended to be sustained except perfluidone.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 1987

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of herbicide on the photosynthetic activity of the weed and rice plant. Two rice cultivars "Nongbaeg" and "Taebaegbyeo" were tested with butachlor, Molis-M, and perfluidone at 5 days after transplanting. Bentazone and propanil were sprayed at 25 days after transplanting. Photosynthetic activity was varied with herbicide and varieties. Generally, application of herbicide resulted in decreased photosynthetic activity. Indica ${\times}$ Japonica variety showed more sensitive to herbicide than Japonica variety. Recovery of the photosynthetic activity was faster in the bentazon than the propanil.