• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.186-191
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• 2006

The perception of English labial consonants was investigated via experiment where 40 Korean EFL learners identified nonwords with the target labial consonants [p, b, f, v] in 4 different prosodic locations: initial onset position, intervocalic position before stress, intervocalic position after stress, and final coda position. The overall result showed that the proportion of perception accuracy of the target consonants was rather low, amounting to only 55%. There was also a positional effect since the accuracy rates for perceiving the four target consonants differed by position. Specifically, the average accuracy rate of the target consonant identification was higher in intervocalic position before stress (70%) and initial onset position (67%) than in intervocalic position after stress (45%) and final coda position (36%). Further, the accuracy rate for [f] is was high in all prosodic locations except intervocalic position after stress. The perception patterns were accounted for by the markedness and perceptual factors in conjunction with stress location.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptive aspects of the polysemic sentence final ending "-(eu)lgeol" produced by Chinese Korean learners. "-(Eu)lgeol" has two different meanings, that is, a guess and a regret, and these different meanings are expressed by the different prosodic features of the last syllable of "-(eu)lgeol". To examine how Korean native speakers perceive "-(eu)lgeol" sentences produced by Chinese Korean learners and the most saliant prosodic variable for the semantic discrimination of "-(eu)lgeol" at the perceptive level, we performed a perceptual experiment. The analysed material constituted four Korean sentences containing "-(eu)lgeol" in which two sentences expressed guesses and the other two expressed regret. Twenty-five Korean native speakers participated in the perceptual experiment. Participants were asked to mark whether "-(eu)lgeol" sentences they listened to were (1) definitely regrets, (2) probably regrets, (3) ambiguous, (4) probably guesses, or (5) definitely guesses based on the prosodic features of the last syllable of "-(eu)lgeol". The analysed prosodic variables were sentence boundary tones, slopes of boundary tones, pitch difference between sentence-final and penultimate syllables, and pitch levels of boundary tones. The results show that all the analysed prosodic variables are significantly correlated with the semantic discrimination of "-(eu)lgeol" and among these prosodic variables, the most salient role in the semantic discrimination of "-(eu)lgeol" is pitch difference between sentence-final syllable and penultimate syllable.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2011

This study was to examine the effects of teacher's encouraging language on elementary student's adjustment to school life. To achieve this purpose, teacher's encouraging language were drawn from Adlerian literatures and ten principles of encouragement were established as the following: recognizing the student's values and potentials, putting an emphasis on student's positive sides, helping the student realize his or her own strength, tolerating student's mistakes, using perceptual alternatives, practicing self-encouragement, accepting and supporting opponents, stimulating internal motivations, and emphasizing social usefulness. Subjects were 34 1st graders at J elementary school in CheonNam. 17 subjects were assigned to experiment group and 17 subjects were assigned to control group. Teacher's encouraging language were applied to experiment group and teacher's usual languages were provided to control group for ten weeks. The quantitative data were collected through Elementary school adjustment behavior rating scale(Oh, 2009) and were analysed via ANCOVA. The qualitative data were collected through observations and products of the subjects and were analysed via qualitative methods. The results showed that teacher's encouraging language had a positive effect on the student's adjustment to school life.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.40-48
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• 2012

This paper models the hue shift phenomenon and proposes a hue correction method to give perceptual matching between projector with and without additional white channel. To quantify the hue shift phenomenon for whole hue angle, 24 color patches with the same lightness are frist created along equally-spaced hue angle, and these are displayed one by one both displays with different luminance levels. Next, each hue value of the patches appeared on the projector with additional white channel is adjusted by observers until the hue values of patches on both displays appear the same visually. After obtaining the hue shift values from the color matching experiment, these values are piecewise fit into six polynomial functions, which approximately determine shifted hue amounts for an arbitrary hue values of each pixel in projector with additional white channel and are utilized to correct them. Actually, an input RGB image is converted to CIELAB LCH color space to get hue values of each pixel and this hue value is shifted as much as the amount calculated by the functions of hue shift model for correction. Finally, corrected image is inversely converted to an output RGB image. For an evaluation, the matching experiment with several test images and the z-score comparisons were performed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2011

This paper presents subjective experimental results to understand how audio should be changed when a video clip is watched in 3D than 2D. This paper divided auditory perceptual information into two categories; distance and azimuth that a sound source contributes mostly, and spaciousness that scene or environment contribute mostly. According to the experiment for distance and azimuth, i.e. sound localization, we found that distance and azimuth of sound sources were magnified when heard with 3D than 2D video. This lead us to conclude 3D sound for localization should be designed to have more distance and azimuth than 2D sound. Also we found 3D sound are preferred to be played with not only 3D video clip but also 2D video clip. According to the experiment for spaciousness, we found people prefer sound with more reverberation when they watch 3D video clips than 2D video clips. This can be understood that 3D video provides more spacial information than 2D video. Those subjective experimental results can help audio engineer familiar with 2D audio to create 3D audio, and be fundamental information of future research to make 2D to 3D audio conversion system. Furthermore when designing 3D broadcasting system with limited bandwidth and with 2D TV supportive, we propose to consider transmitting stereoscopic video, audio with enhanced localization, and metadata for TV sets to generate reverberation for spaciousness.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2010

Psychophysical experiment was performed to investigate how audio-visual spatial disparity affects on perceptual space in peripheral vision. In the experiment, participants were exposed to two stimuli of vision and sound which comes simultaneously from different directions, respectively. The visual stimulus was implemented by 7 white LEDs which were located at an equal distance with 7 different angles of $-70^{\circ}$, $-40^{\circ}$, $-20^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, and $70^{\circ}$ from the right front. Those audial stimuli were also implemented by loudspeakers which were placed at 9 different directions equally spaced by $5^{\circ}$ ranged from $-20^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$. Each participant then evaluated spatial disparity between visual and audial stimuli with 5 levels of response, in which the higher level indicates the larger gap. When the visual stimulus is applied from the right, the results show that the response level gets higher for a larger angle between visual and auditory stimuli. A similar tendency for the visual stimulus with $0^{\circ}$ orientation was also be observed. On the other hand, when the visual stimulus is applied from the left, the response level gets lower for the larger angle.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.180-189
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• 2014

Display quality assessment has been a long standing issue due to the diversity of display devices and the rapid growth of display technology. The conventional display quality assessment methods are mostly those methods which evaluate qualities of a display by measuring physical quantities, but the results from the methods are not equal to the perceived results which are acquired with subjective experiments. Thus, we need to solve the above contrariety as well as establish the quantitative correlation between physical and perceived results. This paper proposes the systematic method of evaluating relative perceived qualities among various display devices and quantifies these relative perceived qualities. The proposed method is based on Analytic Network Process(ANP), which is one of the most popular decision making methods in the business administration field. We also adopted three evaluation criteria, which consist of color, shape and depth, in order to reflect the human visual system and chose eight sub-criteria related to display characteristics via question investigation. We carried out a subjective experiment and the proposed method which evaluated perceived qualities of two display devices(TFT-LCD, OLED) in order to prove the similarity between their results. As a result, it is proved that the order relationship between perceived qualities was the same as the order of results got through the subjective experiment.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2022

IThe perception of sub-second duration through the visual sensory system is affected by non-temporal characteristics (factors other than the duration of the stimulus). However, studies have shown that if distance information is abundant and size constancy maintained, the duration of the target is constantly perceived. The current study examined the relationship between size and time perception constancy in a three-dimensional environment with limited distance information. A device was constructed to limit the participants' bilateral and monocular cues. This prevented participants from maintaining size constancy, resulting in size illusions that could not accurately perceive physical size. In Experiment 1, the size of the physical stimulus of reference and test stimuli were the same at all viewing distances. The results suggest that, despite the same physical size, stimuli with close observations were perceived to be greater and lasted longer. In Experiment 2, the retinal size of the reference stimuli and test stimuli was controlled equally at all viewing distances. As a result, although the physical size of the stimuli increased as the observation increased, the perceived size of all the stimuli was the same. Therefore, the duration of the target was constantly perceived at all viewing distances. The results of this study demonstrate that even when distance information is limited, time perception is affected by the perceived size of the object. It also suggests that when rich distance information exists, the duration of the object can be constantly perceived even if the observation distance varies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.277-285
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively and empirically investigate whether cartoon-realism, which is referred to as a guideline for avoiding the uncanny valley phenomenon, is actually effective. An experiment was carried out to investigate whether or not methods that try to realistically express the texture of human skin while making 3D models whose outward appearance abstract like a cartoon actually reduce the negative sentiments associated with the uncanny valley phenomenon. The results found that when human skin textures were applied to cartoon-type 3D models, the degree of eeriness significantly increased (p<0.05), while there was no change in the degree of human likeness. When cartoon-style skin textures were applied to human-type 3D models, there was no significant difference in the degree of eeriness, but the degree of human likeness significantly decreased (p<0.05). These results show that, cartoon realism is not actually effective, and rather creates a perceptual conflict and induces the uncanny valley phenomenon. The results of this study are expected to be used as quantitative and empirical data for developing design guidelines that will overcome the uncanny valley phenomenon in the future.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.35-50
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the changes of emotional perception biases according to the level of social phobia and the relationship with visuospatial attention allocation ability. This study used the Korean self-report assessment test (Korean version of social avoidance and distress, K-SAD) to measure the level of social phobia. Moreover, the emotional perception and useful field of view (UFOV) tasks were employed for measuring emotional perception biases and visuospatial attention allocation ability, respectively. A total of 118 participants participated in this experiment, and only 107 (males: 94, females: 13) data were analyzed due to the exclusion of response errors and other statistical problems. The average age of the participants used in the analysis was 21 years (SD: 3.64), and those participants were divided into three groups according to the K-SAD scores. Consequently, all experimental groups showed negative emotional perception biases in the emotional perception task, but the magnitudes of the biases of each group were not significantly different. Furthermore, the positive emotional perception biases were higher at higher levels of social phobia, which could be related to the tendency of interpreting positive stimuli negatively. In the UFOV task, the higher the level of social phobia, the lower the visuospatial attention allocation ability. These results suggest that the deterioration of visuospatial attention allocation ability potentially contributes to the increase of positive emotional perception biases by being difficult to perceive external stimuli. Thus, this paper discusses the potential contribution of visuospatial attention allocation ability to the increased perceptual biases of positive emotions as the level of social phobia increases.