• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2017

This study investigates how perception of easy sentences varies with prosody pattern, sound intensity, and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) in young adults with normal hearing who were in their 20's. The results showed that the presence of proper prosody pattern in the sentences increased correct perception rate of the target sentences, and that the lower the intensity and SNR, the lower the sentence perception scores. The results also showed that SNR had a greater effect on the sentence perception scores than sound intensity. There was a significant decrease of perception scores starting at the level of 15 dB and +3 SNR for the sentences with prosody pattern, while starting at the level of 18 dB and +6 SNR for the sentences without prosody pattern, ending up with a very poor perception score as sound intensity and SNR gets lower. There was a significant difference in the perception score of the sentences with prosody pattern between 20 year-old group and 21 year or older group in several listening conditions of sound intensity and SNR.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.39-66
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• 2023

New media moved the place of social exchange to the Internet, allowing large groups to communicate in one place beyond the limits of time and space. Recent studies have also reported cases in which human social abilities do not keep up with the expansion of group scale through social media. In this context, current study investigated how human perception of social information is affected by the expansion of the group scale in the context of majority bias. Using Internet-based task, the psychological processes that group ratio and group size are perceived and affect majority-biased social information use were investigated, and whether group scale moderates those processes was examined. The group ratio has a positive effect on the majority bias, and the relationship was partially mediated by ratio perception. Group scale did not moderate the relationship between group ratio and ratio perception. On the other hand, the correlation between group size and majority-biased social information use was not significant. Group scale moderates group size perception. The group size and size perception showed positive correlation under the smaller group scale condition. However under the extended group scale condition, the perceived group size became significantly lower and lost its correlation with group size. These results provide evidence that the psychological mechanism related to group size perception was not properly responding to the expansion of the group scale. Furthermore, the possibility of a specific psychological mechanism for processing group size information and the form of information input specifically accepted by majority bias were discussed from perspective of evolutionary psychology.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.397-418
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• 2008

This research investigated differences of perception ratio and processes of memory reconstruction. To examine the differences in perception for positive or negative events related to individual subjective well-level, 199 participants were asked to report the perceived ratio of positive versus negative events for the provided event list. Also, recall differences of positive versus negative events were examined in relation to individual differences in happiness. Results partially supported the hypothesis that happy people perceive more positive stimulus in a given situation than less happy people. Happy people also showed more positive percentage in recalled events than actual ratio while unhappy people reported less positive recall percentage than actual ratio. These findings indicate existence of cognitive process that enhances positive or negative memory related to subjective well-being. Significant correlation between perceived ratio and recalled ratio further supports this proposition. Finally, theoretical implications of the present research and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.19 no.40
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• pp.329-339
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• 1996

This study presents the eigen ethnic function and mathematical processing method of human information. Human information can be definded as the overlap area taking the superposition property composed of intuition and sensory in stimulus/response (S/R) model, In S/R model, the intuition and sensory eigen ethnic function acts on the forming of perception. Perception process by the superposition property of intuition and sensory analogy to the basic neural network model. This analogy model extends to the analysis method. As an analysis method, optimal ratio number induced to the golden section ratio. Golden section ratio drived out by diverse source and implicated to the sensory and intuitive context such as beauty, harmony, optimality etc. This numerical orders can be applied to analysing the Perception process and extended to pursue the Potential human behavior, On the basic of proposed applying method, an illustrative mathematical examples are presented.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-224
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• 2012

How would people who buy an insurance policy respond to a low probability risk with a high future cost? Presented with a scenario describing a low probability accident of a chemical plant, participants in four experiments were asked to rate their perception of the risk and also their intention to buy an insurance of a given premium, an insurance, or a ratio insurance. Participants differently responded only to ratio insurance when rating their perception of risk, not to either premium or insurance. The pattern of results in four experiments converged to the conclusion that ratio insurance, an ecologically valid cue, makes people sensitive to the level of risk expressed in low probabilities of an accident. Our results were consistent with the prediction generated by the ecological cue hypothesis which empathizes the importance of frequency over probability in risk perception (Gigerenzer, 2000).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.237-255
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate relations of resources and demands, family financial management and financial statement of urban households by applying a system approach. The results of this study were as follows; Saving rate had significant differences according to resources variables such as age, family life cycle, occupation of househead and housewife, ratio of employed to family member, and to demands variabels such as subjective prospect of business cycle, and value orientation, whereas total saving amount had significant differences according to resources vaiables such as age, family life cycle, educational level, percapita income, occupation of househead, type of income and to demand variable, perception of relative income. Also average monthly saving amount had significant differences according to resources vaiables such as educational level, per capita income, occupation of housewife, housing ownership, ratio of employed to family member, ratio of dependent to employed, and to demands variable, perception of relative income. The stocks had significant differences according to resources variables such as age, family life cycle, educational level, per capita income, occupation of househead, type of income, and housing ownership. Finally, real estate had significant differences according to resources variables such as age, family life cycle, educational level, percapita income, occupation of househead, type of income, housing ownership, and to demands variable, perception of relative income. Financial Statement among urban households according to family financial management had significant differences. And among all variables affecting financial statement among urban households, per capita income had the highest effect and perception of relative income was the second.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.82-93
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• 1999

Stroke is a serious disease despite recent improvement in medical and surgical treatment. Hence, identification of modifiable risk factors for stroke is important. This case-control study was done to demonstrate that relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, perception of saltness and the incidence of stroke and to identify that smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and perception of saltness, after adjusting for age, hypertension. A structured interview was carried out from April 15, 1996 to May 3, 1996 in Yonsei Medical Center. The study group consisted of 59 neurologically confirmed stroke patients as the study group and 59 non-stroke patients as controls. Analysis of the data was done by means of ${\chi}^2$-test and logistic regression analysis. The results were as follows. In the study group: 1) Hypertension in males had a 10.2 odds ratio (p<0.05), cardiovascular disease in females had a 11.3 odds ratio (p<0.05) and a farnily history of stroke in males had a 3.1 odds ratio (p<0.05). 2) Females smoking one or more cigarettes had a 8.3 odds ratio (p<0.1), but males had no direct relationship with odds ratio of 1.5 (non-significant). 3) Alcohol consumption in males had a 0.4 odds ratio, and in females had a 0.8 odds ratio. The odds ratio was decreased in alcohol consumption group (non-significant). 4) Males with more than 20 cigarettes pack-years history had a 2.5 odds ratio (p<0.05), more than 25 Body Mass Index had a 3.1 odds ratio (p<0.05) and more than 220 ml ethanol weekly consumption had a 1.5 odds ratio (non-significant). 5) Female smokers had a 8.3 odds ratio (p<0.1), drinkers a 0.8 odds ratio and more than 25 Body Mass Iidex, a 43.1 odds ratio (p<0.05). 6) Females without saltness perception from a 0.5% salt solution had a 6.8 odds ratio (non-significant). 7) By logistic regression analysis independent risk factors for stroke in males were found to be hypertention, age, and obesity. The study was limited because number of subjects was too small for practical implications. However, like as other results, this study suggest that people should be advised to control hypertension, and obesity since these carry a risk of stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.154-172
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• 2015

The prevalence of obesity is continuing to increase. Self-perceived body image among women has drawn a lot of attention in Korea due to unhealthy weight control trials. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between self-perceived body image and dietary intakes among Korean women. For the analysis, 1,747 subjects were selected after eliminating those who were likely to have recently altered their diet based on the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. The subjects were divided into three groups: underweight, normal, and obese groups according to their perception of body image. Daily nutrient intakes, NAR (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio), and food intake frequency were assessed according to age group and body image perception. Only energy intake showed differences among the three body image perception groups across all age groups, but not statistical differences. Analysis of NAR and the order of most frequently consumed food items confirmed these findings. The ratio of underweight women that perceived their body size as normal or overweight was higher with younger age. Incorrect body image perception and unhealthy weight control behaviors can cause nutritional problems. This study confirmed that nutritional knowledge is important for healthy weight control trials. Nutritional education for healthy dieting should be emphasized among Korean women.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to investigate gender differences in the association between depressive symptoms and weight, weight perception, and body satisfaction among Korean adolescents. Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed on data from 33,374 adolescents who participated in the 2015 Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey. They were classified as underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese; weight perception was classified into perception of being underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese; and weight satisfaction into desire to gain weight, satisfied, and desire to lose weight. Results: Among boys, perception of being underweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07~1.35) and desire to gain weight (AOR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.30~1.62) were associated with depression. Among girls, perception of being overweight or obese (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07~1.29) and a desire to lose weight (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.18~1.42) were associated with depression. Conclusion: Gender differences were observed in the association between weight perception and depression in adolescents. The perception of being underweight among boys and the perception of being overweight/overweight among girls were associated with depression. Thus, gender-specific intervention programs to correct weight perception and weight satisfaction are needed in order to relieve depressive symptoms in adolescents.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1497-1499
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• 2007

Visual perception experiments were conducted to determine the acceptable limit of the contrast ratio of LCD TV under the watching condition. The results showed that the corresponding contrast ratio should be below 10,000:1 at the 3H(height of screen) distance in the living room environment.