• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 1975

사용만 대포리산 바지락의 가공적성에 관한 실험을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 바지락의 각내부피에 대한 연체부의 무게 또는 각내부피에 대한 연체부의 부피의 측정값으로써 비만도를 측정하는 지표로 이용할 수 있다. 2. 서식지의 입도조성과 비만도와의 관계를 보면 자갈이 많은 곳이 비만도가 약간 떨어졌다. 3. 화학성분의 년중변화를 보면 수분과 지방은 대체로 역상관계가 있고, 단백질은 4월부터 증가하기 시작하여 $7\~8$월에 한때 약간 감소하지만, $9\~10$월에 증가하고, 11월에 다시 감소하기 시작하여 3월에 최저값을 나타내었다. 글리코겐은 3월이 $6.3\~6.8\%$로서 최고값을 나타내고, 이 때부터 계속 감소하여 10월에는 $0.1\~0.2\%$로서 최저값을 나타내고 11월부터 다시 증가하기 시작하여 3월에 최고값을 나타내었다. pH와 회분은 년중 큰 변화가 없었다. 4. 비만도 및 화학성분 분석 결과로써 가공적성을 판정한다면 $2\~6$월 및 $9\~10$월이 가공원료 채취 적기라고 볼 수 있다. 5. 토사를 배출시킨 바지락을 원료로써 보일드 통조림을 제조할 때, 참치 2호 C-enamel 관을 사용할 경우 주입액은 $0.15\%$ 구연산을 첨가한 $2\%$ 식염수 또는 $0.5\%$ $Na_2EDTA$를 첨가한 $2\%$ 식염수를 사용하고 , $112^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 살균하면 품질도 우수하고, 저장중 품질이 안전하다고 결론을 얻었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.745-752
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• 2005

목 적 : 소아 비만의 증가에 따라 소아기에 고혈압, 관상동맥 질환, 당뇨병 등의 소아 성인병이 문제가 되고 있다. 중등도 이상의 비만 청소년에서 경부 초음파로 경동맥의 내피두께, 직경, 동맥의 유연도와 신전도를 측정함으로 조기에 동맥 경화증으로 진행을 예측할 수 있는지 알아보고, 동맥벽 두께와 혈청 사이토카인 등 여러 지표와의 관련성을 알아보고, 비만 청소년에서 관상동맥 질환으로 진행할 수 있는 위험 인자로 유용한지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 16-17세의 29명의 중등도 이상의 비만 청소년을 대상군으로 하였고, 같은 연령의 정상 청소년을 대조군으로 하였다. 체질량 지수와 피부두께를 측정하였고, 생체전기저항 분석을 이용하여 체지방, 지방 분포를 측정하였다. 안정된 상태에서 수축기, 이완기 혈압을 측정하였다. 10시간 이상 금식 후 총 콜레스테롤, 중성 지방, HDL 콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤, 혈당, 호모시스틴, 인슐린, 인슐린 저항성을 측정하였다. 경부 초음파를 이용하여 경동맥의 내피 두께, 수축기와 이완기 동안의 내경, 동맥의 유연도와 신전도를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 경동맥의 수축기 내경, 이완기 내경은 상완둘레, 체질량 지수, 지방분포, 체지방이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다. 수축기 혈압이 높을수록 수축기 및 이완기 내경이 유의하게 증가하였고, 이완기 혈압이 증가할수록 내피두께는 유의하게 증가하였다. 인슐린치가 증가할수록 수축기 및 이완기 내경이 유의하게 증가하였다. 호모시스틴치가 증가할수록 내피 두께가 유의하게 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 결 론 : 소아에서도 비만 정도가 심할수록, 혈압이 높을수록 경동맥의 내경이 증가하였고, 경동맥의 내피두께는 이완기 혈압과 유의한 상관성이 있었다. 혈압, 인슐린, 호모시스틴을 측정함으로 조기에 동맥경화증으로 진행을 예측하는데 유용하리라 생각되고 소아기 비만에서도 적극적인 체중 감량을 통해 소아 성인병으로 진행되는 것을 적극적으로 예방하여야 될 것으로 생각한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.289-303
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• 2007

This report includes basic data on nutrition education for Chinese adolescents living in Korea. A total of 183 Chinese adolescents living in Incheon participated in the survey. Body composition was analyzed by the Inbody 4.0., and questionnaires on personal dietary behavior were administrated. When compared with the body measure indices of Korean adolescents, we found that height was similar, but weight greater ($5{\sim}12 kg$) among the participants. Regarding obesity, 30.0% of all students were obese (BMI>25), especially the high school boys (42.0%). But in the case of middle school boys, the rates of obesity and under weight (BMI<18.5) were the same (both of them at 22.9%). The average WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) of the female high school group (0.9) was over the normal range. The average percent body fat for each group was also over the normal range. The percentage of students having breakfast everyday was 52.2%, and the rate of skipping breakfast was 25.0%. In the obesity group, the rate of skipping breakfast was remarkably high (P<0.05). Because lunch service was not available at the schools, a lunch box from home was the most popular pattern (43.1 %), but eating out was also popular at 36.6%. For the male high school students, the eating out rate was 62.8%. Since many have-lived in Korea for a few generations, the students' eating practices were much closer to the Korean pattern. For their ordinary meal pattern, 96.0% of the students included Korean foods. however, for New Years Day, the rate of having Gyo-Ja was 75.2%, and having Wol-Byung at Choo-seok was 78.6%, showing that the Chinese tradition still remains. In the case of food preferences, the percentage having Kimchi everyday was 62.1 %, but those drinking green tea was 13.1 %. For cold drinks, the rate for drinking them more than twice per week was 71.6%. The most preferred cooking method was frying with oil (50.6%). Among the students who had visited China (or Taiwan), the rate for 'bad food familiarity' was 37.0%, and the rate for 'did not know Chinese traditional course menus' was 71.3%. As a result of combining eating practices from both China and Korea, and the absence of lunch service in Chinese schools, students are showing bad dietary behaviors. therefore, it is necessary to provide proper nutrition education and a system for lunch service in Chinese schools.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the effects of a planned exercise program based on Bandura's self efficacy model on metabolism, and the exercise compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The study design was a nonequivalent pre-test post-test control design. Thirty four type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, who received follow-up care regularly through the diabetic out-patient clinic, were randomly sampled for this study. Twenty patients were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen patients were assigned to the control group. In the experimental group, a planned exercise program is composed of an individualized exercise prescription for 12 weeks, an individual education, and even a telephone coach program. In the case of the control group, they were instructed to continue with their usual schedules. The data collection period was from March 1999 to February 2000 Data were analyzed using SPSS/WINDOW 10.0 program. The results were as follows. 1. In the experimental group, the level of fasting blood sugar has significantly decreased from 188.20 mg/㎗ to 155.55 mg/㎗ after planned exercise program (F= 16.86, p=.000). For lipid metabolism, body fat per cutaneous decreased from 27.16% to 26.57% after planned exercise program. The score of self efficacy has increased from 64.20 to 66.65 after planned exercise program and it was statistically significant (F=4.850, p=.040) The functional vital capacity has increased from 3.28$\ell$ to 3.37$\ell$and it was statistically significant(F=7.300, p=.020). 2. In an after effect of a planned exercise program, 35 percent of the subjects who participated in a planned exercise program continued to exercise for another six months. In conclusion, the planned exercise program can improve cardiopulmonary function, glucose, and lipid metabolism. This program was show a positive effect on the self efficacy and exercise compliance.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2005

The nutritional status of pre-school children is important for both physical growth and functional development. This study investigated the anthropometric, nutrient intakes and dietary quality of the pre-school children living in Asan for planning nutritional education program. The dietary intakes were measured by 2-day 24 hr recall recorded by children's mothers and the anthropometric data were collected by measuring children's weights, heights, and percent body fat at Asan Public Health Center. The children were 161 boys and 129 girls aged 5 and 6 years. When children's nutritional status was determined by their anthropometric status (underweight, normal weight and overweight) determined by z-score (normal range between -1.00 and 1.00), only 1.4% of the children belonged to underweight group while 55.7% and 42.9% belonged to normal and overweight groups, respectively. Significantly higher number of children belonged to overweight group for 5 year-olds. No differences were observed in nutrient intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) values among nutritional status groups. Intakes of the most nutrients were adequate, but NAR and INQ of calcium and zinc were low. When nutrient intakes, NAR and INQ were compared by sex or age, all nutrient intakes were appropriate except calcium and zinc intakes of 6 year-olds. Nutrient intakes of 5 years were higher than those of 6 years. The mean of nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.85 and mean INQ was 1.51 for all participants. The nutritional management program for pre-school children in Asan would be directed differently by age groups and education material should contain contents educating to consume moderate amount of food for 5 year-olds and to increase intake of foods with mineral nutrients such as calcium and zinc for 6 year-olds.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 1999

We examined the obesity levels and dietary habits of 323 college students taking the course 'Health and Diet' as a part of their nutritional education. The average percentages of body fat, BMI and RBW for subjects in this study were 16.7%, $21.5kg/m^2$ and -1.2% in male students and 27.3%, $21.2kg/m^2$ and 1.0% in female students, respectively. BMI and RBW indicated fewer cases of obesity among female students than BIA did. The average intake of energy by subjects was lower than the RDA of energy. In particular, the average intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin A by female students were much lower than the RDA of energy. In particular, the average intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin A by female students were much lower than the RDAs of each of those nutrients. The percent RDAs of nutrient intakes of energy, protein, thiamin, and riboflavin were lower in under weight students than in students of normal and over-weight. Female students were found to skip meals and consume sweet foods more frequently than male students. The obesity levels of students related to the number of meals eaten per day as well as the frequency of consuming sweet foods. Although, it was not possible to determine statistically, the levels obesity also seemed to correspond to the speed at which meals were eaten as well as the frequency of eating salty foods. These results suggest that in order to assess obesity properly, more research that focuses on subjects' gender should be conducted. In addition, nutritional education should emphasize the importance of intakes of energy and phosphorus for male students, and the danger of iron and calcium deficiencies for female students. We should also educate students about dietary habits which contribute to obesity such as overeating and the intake of sweet foods.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2007

Purpose: To find the correlation between ambient temperature change and the efficacy of acupuncture on the postmenopausal hot flash. Methods: 52 patients entered a randomized clinical trial which was to verify the efficacy of acupuncture on postmenopausal hot flash. Participants were treated with optimal/minimal acupuncture in the course of 13 weeks. 34 of 52 visited for the temperature-rising period(Group 1), while 18 of 52 for the temperature-falling period(Group 2), 100mm hot flash VAS and average temperature were taken 18 times from each person. Linear mixed effects model was used to find the correlation between temperature and hot flash VAS score(p-value<0.05). Group1/2, optimal/minimal acupuncture, age, age of menarche, height, weight, percent body fat, BMI, waist-hip ratio, past history of hysterectomy and HRT were also examined. Results: Period of treatment had influence on the hot flash VAS. As time went by, hot flash decreased(p<.0000). Participants who underwent minimal acupuncture showed higher hot flash VAS(p=0.0479) and as waist-hip ratio rose, hot flash increased(p<.0000). As the temperature rose, hot flash VAS score became lower(p=0.0143) and it was because 34 of 52 participants were treated for the temperature-rising period. Group 1/2 had no interrelation with hot flash(p=0.5741). Conclusion: Hot flash diminished as participants were treated with acupuncture, independently of whether the ambient temperature rises or falls.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2013

Objectives: Little is yet known about the determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine the factors that have an impact on BMD in young men. Methods: Questionnaires were sent out to 111 male medical students. Information on age, socio-economic status, medical history, lifestyle, physical activity during adolescence, school club participation, current physical activity, and dietary intake were collected by the survey. Height, weight, percent body fat and muscle mass were estimated by bioelectrical impedance, and BMD was obtained using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound. Using the Poisson regression model, prevalence ratios (PRs) were used to estimate the degree of association between risk factors and osteopenia. Results: The height and current physical activity showed a correlation to the Osteoporosis Index. Among the categorized variables, past physical activity during adolescence (p= 0.002) showed a positive effect on the bone mineral content. In the multivariate model, past physical activity (${\geq}1$ time/wk) had a protective effect on osteopenia (PR, 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18 to 0.75) and present physical activity (1000 metabolic equivalent of task-min/wk) decreased the risk of osteopenia (PR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.91). Conclusions: Past physical activity during adolescence is as important as physical activity in the present for BMD in young men.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.632-638
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• 2000

This study was designed to observe the effect of green tea on colon tumor incidence and biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis in 1, 2-dimethlhydrazine-treated rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats at 7 weeks of age were divided into two groups: control and green tea(GT) groups. Control rats had distilled water as drinking water but GT group received green tea extracts(2.5%, w/v water) as drinking water throughout the experiment periods. All rats were fed the experimental diet containing 15% fat by weight for 20 weeks. and were i.m. injected with DMH for 6 weeks to give total dose of 180mg/kg body weight. Tumor incidence was reduced in GT group (39%) compared with control group (56%) Green tea significantly reduced cell proliferation (total cells per crypt, crypt length and proliferative zone) in colonic mucosa and also significantly reduced the levels of preformed prostalandin E2(PGE2) and thromboxance B2(TXB2) in colonic mucosa but the fatty acid profile of total lipid in colonic mucosa was not significantly influenced by green tea. However the relative percent of C20:4 and the levels f preformed PGE2 and TXB2. were significantly higher in tumor tissue compared with normal surrounding mucosa.Green tea increased the fecal excretion of total bile acid but not scondary bile acid which is known as one of promoters for colon cancer,. These results suggest that green tea could have preventive effect against colon cancer when consumed daily by influencing on antioxidant effect and the metabolism of arachidonic acid.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.440-449
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of taurine supplementation on serum lipidperoxide(TBARS), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The subjects were 22 healthy middle-aged women(33 to 54 years). Serum lipids, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), and plasma taurine levels were measured before and after supplying 3 g of taurine per day for 4 weeks. Plasma taurine was analyzed by Dabsyl-Cl(4-dimethylamino azobenzen-4-sulfonyl-chloride) derivatization and reversed-phase HPLC. Serum TBARS was measured by the Yagi method. Daily dietary taurine intake was calculated by food frequency questionnaire method. The weight and height means of the 22 subjects were $57.9{\pm}5.2$ kg and $159.2{\pm}5.2$ cm, respectively. Their percent body fat and waist/hip ratio(WHR) were 26.8% and 0.84, respectively, which were slightly higher than the average for middle-aged Korean women. Serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels tended to decrease after taurine supplementation, but HDL-C was not changed. A positive correlation between plasma taurine and HDL-C was shown after taurine supplementation. The serum TBARS concentration was significantly decreased from $5.05{\pm}0.84nmol/d{\ell}$ to $4.17{\pm}0.64nmol/d{\ell}$ after taking taurine(p<0.01), and the plasma taurine concentration was significantly increased from $63.7{\pm}14.2{\mu}mol/{\ell}$ to $73.8{\pm}16.6{\mu}mol/{\ell}$ after taurine supplementation(p<0.05). The average dietary intake of taurine was $178.5{\pm}50.4$ mg/day, which is similar to the average daily taurine intake of Korean women. In conclusion, taurine is an effective nutrient that antagonizes TBARS levels. Therefore, this study suggests that a sufficient taurine intake may be an effective way to prevent cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis.