Browse > Article

Measurement of the Common Carotid Artery by Ultrasound as a Predictor of Atherosclerosis in Obese Adolescents  

Kim, Ye Jin (Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
Shim, Yoon Hee (Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
Yoo, Joung Hyun (Departments of Radiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
Lee, Keun (Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
Hong, Young Mi (Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
Publication Information
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics / v.48, no.7, 2005 , pp. 745-752 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose : Adolescent obesity is known to be associated with complications such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and insulin resistance. We measured the common carotid artery by ultrasound as a predictor of atherosclerosis, and investigated the relationship between carotid artery parameters and serum cytokines in obese adolescents. Methods : Twenty-nine obese adolescents(16-17 years old, obesity index>130 percent) and twentyseven normal controls were included. Obesity index and body mass index were calculated from their height and weight. Skin fold thickness was measured at the triceps, and fat mass and fat distribution by bioelectrical impedence analysis. Blood pressure was measured at resting state and serum lipid, insulin, and homocysteine levels after a 12-hour fasting period. Intimal wall thickness, systolic and diastolic diameters of the common carotid artery were measured by ultrasound, and compliance and distensibility calculated by equation. Results : Systolic and diastolic diameters of the carotid artery significantly correlated with arm circumference, body mass index, fat distribution and fat mass. The higher systolic blood pressure was, the larger systolic and diastolic diameter. The higher diastolic blood pressure was, the larger carotid intimal thickness. Insulin levels had positive correlations with systolic, diastolic diameters and serum homocysteine level with intimal thickness. Conclusion : The carotid artery diameter significantly increased with the degree of obesity and blood pressure. The carotid intimal wall thickness significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure. Measurement of carotid artery thickness, insulin and homocysteine levels might be useful to predict the development of coronary artery disease.
Keywords
Carotid artery; Intima-media thickness; Atherosclerosis; Ultrasonography; Obesity;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Jelliffe DB. The assessment of the nutritional status of the community. WHO Monogr Ser World Health Organ, Geneva( Switze rland), WHO, 1966:53:3-271
2 Oh J, Wunsch R, Turzer M, Bahner M, Raggi P, Querfeld U, et al. Advanced coronary and carotid arteriopathy in young adults with childhood-onset chronic renal failure. Circulation 2002;106:100-5   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Crea F, Gaspardone A, Tomai F, Shoulders C, De Fazio A, Versaci F, et al. Risk factors in schoolchildren associated with a family history of unheralded myocardial infarction or uncomplicated stable angina in male relatives. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:1472-8   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Arcaro G, Zamboni M, Rossi L, Turcato E, Covi G, Armellini F, et al. Body fat distribution predicts the degree of endothelial dysfunction in uncomplicated obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:936-42   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Sung HK, Lee SD. Physiology. 5th ed. Seoul : Eui-Hak Publishing Co, 1991:157-8
6 Leeson CP, Whincup PH, Cook DG, Mullen MJ, Donald AE, Seymour CA, et al. Cholesterol and arterial distensibility in the first decade of life : a population-based study. Circulation 2000;101:1533-8   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Hong YM, Moon KR, Seo JW, Shim JG, Yoo KH, Jeong BJ, et al. Guideline of diagnosis and treatment in childhood obesity. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1999;42:1338-45
8 Glowinska B, Urban M, Koput A, Galar M. New atherosclerosis risk factors in obese, hypertensive and diabetic children and adolescents. Atherosclerosis 2003;167:275-86   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Simon A, Gariepy J, Chironi G, Megnien JL, Levenson J. Intima-media thickness : a new tool for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular risk. J Hypertens 2002;20:159-69   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Vaudo G, Schillaci G, Evangelista F, Pasqualini L, Verdecchia P, Mannarino E. Arterial wall thickening at different sites and its association with left ventricular hypertrophy in newly diagnosed essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2000;13:324-31   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM, Spiegelhalter DJ, Mille OI, Sullivan ID, et al. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet 1992;340:1111-5.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Steinberg HO, Chaker H, Leaming R, Johnson A, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Obesity/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Implications for the syndrome of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 1996;97:2601-10   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Caballero AE, Arora S, Saouaf R, Lim SC, Smakowski P, Park JY, et al. Microvascular and macrovascular reactivity is reduced in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1999;48:1856-62   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Markus RA, Mack WJ, Azen SP, Hodis HN. Influence of lifestyle modification on atherosclerotic progression determined by ultrasonographic change in the common carotid intima-media thickness. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:1000-4
15 Must A, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Bajema CJ, Dietz WH. Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents : a follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1350-5   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Chambless LE, Folsom AR, Clegg LX, Sharrett AR, Shahar E, Nieto FJ, et al. Carotid wall thickness is predictive of incident clinical stroke : the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities( ARIC) study. Am J Epidemiol 2000;151:478-87   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Aminbakhsh A, Mancini GB. Carotid intima-media thickness measurements : what defines an abnormality? A systematic review. Clin Invest Med 1999;22:149-57
18 Owens S, Gutin B, Ferguson M, Allison J, Karp W, Le NA. Visceral adipose tissue and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children. J Pediatr 1998;133:41-5   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Cho KB, Park SB, Park SC, Lee DH, Lee SJ. The prevalence and trend of obesity in children and adolescents. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1989;32:597-605
20 Chambless LE, Heiss G, Folsom AR, Rosamond W, Szklo M, Sharrett AR, et al. Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors : the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, 1987-1993. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:483-94   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Sorof JM, Alexandrov AV, Garami Z, Turner JL, Grafe RE, Lai D, et al. Carotid ultrasonography for detection of vascular abnormalities in hypertensive children. Pediatr Nephrol 2003;18:1020-4   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Litwin M, Trelewicz J, Wawer Z, Antoniewicz J, Wierzbicka A, Rajszys P, et al. Intima-media thickness and arterial elasticity in hypertensive children: controlled study. Pediatr Nephrol 2004;19:767-74   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Tounian P, Aggoun Y, Dubern B, Varille V, Guy-Grand B, Sidi D, et al. Presence of increased stiffness of the common carotid artery and endothelial dysfunction in severely obese children : a prospective study. Lancet 2001;358:1400-4   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Daniels SR, Morrison JA, Sprecher DL, Khoury P, Kimball TR. Association of body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. Circulation 1999; 99:541-5   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Sorof JM, Alexandrov AV, Cardwell G, Portman RJ. Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness and left ventricular hypertrophy in children with elevated blood pressure. Pediatrics 2003;111:61-6   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
26 Megnien JL, Gariepy J, Saudubray JM, Nuoffer JM, Denarie N, Levenson J, et al. Evidence of carotid artery wall hypertrophy in homozygous homocystinuria. Circulation 1998;98:2276-81   DOI   ScienceOn