• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determined the converge effects of weight-bearing exercise on lumbar, femur neck BMD and body compositions in intellectual disabilities and normal men. Nineteen men were participated for this study, they are divided into two groups(intellectual disabilities, n=9, and normal men, n=10). All subjects are accomplished on weight-bearing exercise (music rope-jumping) program for 60 minutes a day, 3 days a week throughout 12 weeks. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine differences between and within the intellectual and normal groups for dependent variables. The statistically significant level was set at 0.05. In this study, there were a significant differences on the bone mineral density of lumbar and femur neck level after exercise training in both groups (respectively p<.01, p<.001). Also, I found that there were effectively decreased on body weight, percent of body fat, and BMI levels after exercise training for 12 weeks in both groups (respectively p<.001). Therefore, music rope-jump exercise program may suggested to be one of the ideal training methods for enhancing and the convergence positive effect of bone mineral density and body compositions in intellectual and normal person.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 2003

This study has been performed to investigate the changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles of the national female soccer players during summer training season. Twenty five Korean national soccer players participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 23.3$\pm$2.5 years old. Their mean carrier as soccer player was 11.0 $\pm$2.6 years. Mean height was 164.4$\pm$5.7 cm and mean weight was 57.4$\pm$4.6 kg. Mean body fat percent was 23.9$\pm$3.0% and body mass index was 22.4$\pm$6.0. Mean serum triglyc eride concentration was normal (81.0$\pm$26.3 mg $dl^{-1}$), but total cholesterol (224.3$\pm$58.3 mg $dl^{-1}$) and LDL-cholesterol (162.2$\pm$59.0 mg $dl^{-1}$ were higher than normal range. Hematocrit, hemoglobin and total iron binding capacity were low, but in a normal range. Serum triglyceride concentration was negatively correlated with red blood cell counts (r=-0.448, p<0.05). Meanwhile, HDL-cholesterol was positively correlated with hematocrit percent (r=0.408, p<0.05). Therefore, better iron status was related with better serum lipid profiles of the subjects. Four weeks of iron supplementation had no effect on serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol of the subjects.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the recent trend of the studies about obesity in medicine and to provide background for futher studies. Methods: All of the article were selected in "The Korean Journal of Obesity". Search were conducted through "http://kosso.or.kr" with the search word "obesity". Collected articles were classified into clinical study, experimental study, literary study, case report. Results: One hundred eighty four studies were included and analyzed in terms of study design, subject, intervention, period, obesity index and so on. The numbers of clinical studies, literary studies, experimental studies, case reports were respectively 143 (77.7%), 26 (14.1%), 2 (1.1%) and 7 (3.8%). In clinical studies, observational studies were 112 (78.3%) and intervention studies were 31 (21.7%). And most of sample sizes were more than 100 and less than 499. Body mass index, waist circumstance, body fat percent were major criteria of clinical study. Most of the subjects on obesity were about relation with another disease or experimental results and diagnosis. According to classification by the kinds of intervention, diet, exercise, drug, behavior were respectively 22, 18, 8, and 8. More than fourty percent of intervention studies were studied for 12 weeks. Conclusions: To improve the quality of Korean Medicine study for obesity, we need to recruiting big sample size and activate randomized clinical trial.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1038-1047
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• 2008

This study aimed at targeting fixed increases in body weight (100 g/wk) by quantitatively regulating energy allowances (ME) in broiler breeders from 5 to 20 wks of age. Four energy regimes were tested: 1. The energy required for maintenance, activity and growth was calculated for 100 g increases in body weight/wk and a measured quantity of grower diet (160 g protein and 2,600 kcal ME/kg) was offered to the control group (ME-100) to achieve the anticipated weight gain. The energy allowances increased with age from 132 to 294 kcal/d. 2. Additionally, three energy regimes were considered, quantitatively reducing ME by 10% (ME-90) or 20% (ME-80) and increasing by10% (ME-110) over the control group. Each test group had 23 replicates5 female chicks housed in cages. The influence of energy regimes and age on growth, nutrient digestibility, carcass attributes, bone parameters and stress was evaluated at 4 wk intervals. Quantitative ME restriction by 10% (119-265 kcal/d) produced an average weight gain of 98.1 g/wk, which was closer to the targeted increase of 100 g/wk, whereas the control group attained it nine days earlier. Restriction of energy by 10 or 20% produced better conversion efficiency of feed, energy and protein and apparent digestibility of protein, Ca and P than 10% excess ME. Energy regimes did not influence eviscerated meat yield, but higher energy allowances (ME-110) significantly increased abdominal fat pad and liver weights and decreased giblet weight, percent muscle protein and tibia ash. Relatively higher stress was recorded in ME-restricted groups, as reflected by wider heterophil and lymphocyte ratios and increased bursa weight. Early age (5-12 wk) significantly influenced bone mineralization, conversion efficiency of feed, energy and protein and apparent digestibility of protein, Ca and P, while later ages (13-20 wk) increased eviscerated meat yield, abdominal fat, tibia weight and muscle protein and reduced stress. Energy regime x age interactions were significant and are discussed. In conclusion, the synthetic broiler line used in our study responded positively to controlled energy feeding during the rearing period. Breeders offered 119-265 kcal/d, a reduction of 10% energy over the control group, were more effective in regulating grower performance than the latter. In addition to energy regimes, age intervals also exhibited significant influence on specific parameters during the grower phase.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weight control program on dietary habits and blood composition in obese middle-aged women. The program consisted of nutrition education, physical exercise and nutrition counseling was conducted for 12 weeks. Participants of the preliminary study were 255 obese women, among which 82 women participated in the nutrition education program. We evaluated the anthropometry, blood lipid profiles, dietary habits of obese women before and after the nutrition education. Dietary habits of the subjects were significantly improved in regularity of having breakfast (p < .05), the frequency of eating snack after dinner (p < .001), eating out (p < .01) and the speed of meal (p < .05) after the program. There was significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and systolic pressure of the subjects after nutrition education. Changes of atherogenic index and diastolic pressure were not significant, but had a tendency to decrease. All of the anthropometric outcomes except lean body mass such as BMI, percent body fat, fat mass, and WHR were significantly decreased after weight control program. These findings show that weight control program including nutrition education and counseling can improve dietary habits and weight control pattern, and lead the authors to recommend that public health organizations and dietetic professionals should educate obese women on practical strategies for an effective weight management.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.115-129
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• 2004

We investigated the prevalence of eating disorder risk group and its relationship with Physique status and eating behavior among high school students in Daejeon. In May - June 2002, 350 students were sampled from 6 high schools in Daejeon by multi-stage cluster sampling and assessed with self-completing questionnaires. We used the Korean version of Eating Attitude test(EAT-26) to screen eating disorder risk group. and other instruments to screen physique status and eating behavior. The response rate was 91%(total 320) and numbers of female students were 167(52.2%) and male students were 153(47.8%). Average age was 16.0${\pm}$0.35 years, and average body-mass index(BMI) and PIBW(Percent Ideal Body Weight) were 20.9${\pm}$3.3 Kg/m2 and 102${\pm}$4.2% in male students, 20.2${\pm}$3.7 Kg/m2 and 98${\pm}$7.2% in female students(p<0.0001). Over 50% of the subjects were dissatisfied with their body shape; the degree of dissatisfaction with body shape was higher in those who believed themselves to be fat. Mean score of EAT-26 was higher in female students (10.78${\pm}$7.36) than male students(6.07${\pm}$4.39)(p<0.0001). The prevalence of high risk eating disorder group was 2.6% in male students, 11.4% in female students(p<0.0001). Eating behavior was better in female students than male(p<0.0001). Eating behavior was significantly higher in eating disorder risk group in both sex. Therefore eating disorder symptomatology was highly prevalent among high school students in Daejeon. And this symptomatology has a more close relationship with physique status and eating behavior in female students.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.465-472
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the amount of physical activity and body composition and to investigate physical activity according to cancer type, sex, and age among colorectal and gastric cancer survivors. A total of 354 participants who were colorectal (n=185) and gastric (n=169) cancer survivors had completed all treatment less than 4 years ago at Y university hospital between June 2014 and April 2015. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to measure time and intensity of physical activity according to the different types of activity. The colorectal cancer survivors were significantly higher in body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, blood pressure, and the prevalence of diabetes compared to gastric cancer survivors. In addition, the results showed that only 26.5% of colorectal cancer survivors met American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines (at least of 150 min of moderate intensity of higher physical activity per week) for physical activity, compared with 41.4% of gastric cancer survivors. Additionally, only 13.6% of colorectal and gastric cancer survivors met strength exercise guidelines. The male cancer survivors were significantly higher in moderate physical activity, participation in resistance exercise, and sedentary behaviors compared to female cancer survivors. In additions, less than 65 years cancer survivors were higher in strenuous intensity exercise and moderate physical activity compared to more than 65 years cancer survivors. The alternative for promoting physical activity participation rates of colorectal and gastric cancer survivors should be presented.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.850-855
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop a exercise program adapted from pelvic muscle exercise, and to analyze the effect of the exercise program on the physical fitness and the physiological parameters including bone density total estrogen and progesterone. The exercise program was composed of warming-up(10 min), main exercise(40 min) and warming-down(10 min). The 20 middle-aged women between 40 and 60 years old were divided into four group; the control group(6 women), the exercise group (7 women), and exercise group with soybean milk supplement(7 women). The exercise group with soybean milk group was applied three times a week and two packs of the soybean milk per day were given. The result of this study were as follows. In the percent fat change of within group, the exercise group showed significant decreased before than after the exercise. In the change of between group, the control group showed significant decreased than the exercise group with soybean milk group. In the body composition change of between group, the exercise group with soybean milk group showed significant decreased in body mass index than the control group. In the total estrogen change of within group, the pelvic muscle exercise with soybean milk group showed the decreased before than after the exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.254-263
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• 2006

Background: Type 2 diabetes is occuring in epidemic proportions worldwide and aging has been defined as one of the risk factors for the progression to diabetes. High carbohydrates intake increases blood sugar level and obesity in type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between carbohydrate intake and obesity in type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study subjects were 72 patients (male 27, female 45), who had been diagnosed as type 2 diabetes at Seoul National University of Bundang Hospital. Their anthropometric(height, weight, waist and hip circumference), biochemical(fasting blood sugar, postprandial -2hour blood sugar, HbA1C, C-peptide, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) and body composition were measured. Dietary data were collected by trained interviewers using three non-consecutive food records. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 55.86$\pm$9.30 years, and the mean duration of disease was 1.9$\pm$1.72 years. The mean fasting blood sugar, postprandial-2hour blood sugar and HbA1C of the subjects were 151.91$\pm$34.65mg/dl, 235.23$\pm$70.74mg/dl and 7.45$\pm$1.13%, respectively. There was significant positive correlation of the percent body fat and hip to carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight in obese males (p<0.05). However, the correlation of biochemical factors to carbohydrate intake was not significantly different in obese and non-obese male. The correlation of anthropometry to carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight was not significantly different in obese and non-obese females (p<0.05), and other nutrients. We found significant association between carbohydrate intake and obesity in obese males among type 2 diabetes. The females in type 2 diabetes were affected by several factors rather than energy nutrient intake. Conclusion: In conclusion, the correlation of carbohydrate intake with obesity factor was different in males and females. Therefore, diabetic educators should individualize diabetes nutrition therapy considering the gender.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1397-1411
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• 2009

This study was aimed to examine the effects of intermittent walking on health related fitness and metabolic syndrome risk factors in elderly women. Forty five elderly women were randomly assigned to three groups: three 10-min walks per day, one 30-min walk per day or no exercise, respectively. Both walking groups exercised three days a week at moderate intensity for 12 weeks. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the hypothesis with a significant level of α = .05. The results indicated that body composition(body weight, body mass index, percent body fat), muscle endurance, flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness significantly increased after 12 weeks for both walking groups. However, it was found that muscle strength significantly increased only in a continuous walking group. Metabolic syndrome risk factors comprised of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and fasting glucose were significantly improved in both walking groups. In addition, there was a difference in these metabolic syndrome risk factors between pre and post exercise. The results of this study support the hypothesis that intermittent walking has a significant impact on health related physical fitness and metabolic syndrome rick factors in elderly women as continuous walking does.