• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.391-396
• /
• 2008

Recently, The culture of accommodations have been developed and diversified as there have increasing people who want to enjoy in their extra-time. However, User's satisfaction have decreasing due to the accommodations have been focused on quantity and uniformed developing. Therefore, The accommodations are needed an accurate planning that it is regarded about the characteristic of an architecture and user's emotion without the purpose of benefit or the object of developing. So, It must be overwhelmed with the things of pleasure which the people have experience. Nowadays, The concerning of traditional accommodations as Hanok have increasing that it is engaged in the concerning of eco-friendly architecture, However, there is not much studies about this object. Consequently, the purpose of this study is presentation of basic materials for the traditional accommodations as Hanok throughout investigate that.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.653-666
• /
• 2010

Under the retirement pension plan enforced since December 2005, retirees can just choose the payout strategy either of a lump sum allowance or of an annuity in receiving the retirement benefit. Therefore, it is imperative to review and introduce the program withdrawal system enforced by countries with mature pension plan, and complement the limitations of the current payout strategy in the future. In this study, the appropriateness of each of the payout strategies related to the program withdrawal system is examined in terms of shortfall risk and bequest fund per each risk propensity through the expected utility model that reflects the age of the retiree.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.203-225
• /
• 2016

The permanent disability benefit(PDB) system whose purpose lies in helping affected workers with their self-realization through compensating them for their work-related injury or disease and facilitating their timely return to work is very important in terms of social welfare. Actually, the portions of PDB's in all WCI expenditures have been on the sharp increase. In spite of its positive aspects like this, however, an excessive amount of PDB's may have negative impacts on the affected workers' will to work or return to work, and increasing trends in the amount of PDB's payable in annuity will remain in an aging or aged society a potentially risky factor posing a threat to the soundness of WCI budgets. In this respect, the author attempted herein to identify the long-term reality of trends in the number of claimants entitled to PDB's and the amount of PDB's payable to them through making the long-term budget projections of PDB's; address problems with PDB's payable in annuity, which are or will potentially be one of the gravest burdens in securing the soundness of WCI budgets; and discuss how to optimize the amount of PDB's through studying & analyzing overseas cases and income replacement rates and what kinds of improvements are thinkable. It's recommended to reduce the absolute amount of benefits payable in annuity in a phased way considering claimants' life-cycle instead of sticking to the current system, which takes the form of lifelong pension plan.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.447-462
• /
• 2021

In insurance, the surrender rate is an important variable that threatens the sustainability of insurers and determines the profitability of the contract. Unlike other actuarial assumptions that determine the cash flow of an insurance contract, however, it is characterized by endogenous variables such as people's economic, social, and subjective decisions. Therefore, a microscopic approach is required to identify and analyze the factors that determine the lapse rate. Specifically, micro-level characteristics including the individual, demographic, microeconomic, and household characteristics of policyholders are necessary for the analysis. In this study, we select panel survey data of Korean Retirement Income Study (KReIS) with many diverse dimensions to determine which variables have a decisive effect on the lapse and apply the lasso regularized regression model to analyze it empirically. As the data contain many missing values, they are imputed using the random forest method. Among the household variables, we find that the non-existence of old dependents, the existence of young dependents, and employed family members increase the surrender rate. Among the individual variables, divorce, non-urban residential areas, apartment type of housing, non-ownership of homes, and bad relationship with siblings increase the lapse rate. Finally, among the financial variables, low income, low expenditure, the existence of children that incur child care expenditure, not expecting to bequest from spouse, not holding public health insurance, and expecting to benefit from a retirement pension increase the lapse rate. Some of these findings are consistent with those in the literature.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2014

Purpose - This study investigates the following two issues. First, we attempt to find the important determinants of housing investment and to identify their significance rank using survey panel data. Recently, the expansion of global uncertainty in the real estate market has directly and indirectly influenced the Korean housing market; households demonstrate a sensitive reaction to changes in that market. Therefore, this study aims to draw conclusions from understanding how the impact of financial strength of the household is related to house investment. Second, we attempt to verify the effectiveness of diverse indices of financial strength such as DTI, LTV, and PIR as measures to monitor the housing market. In the continuous housing market recession after the global crisis, the government places top priority on residence stability. However, the government still imposes forceful restraints on indices of financial strength. We believe this study verifies the utility of these regulations when used in the housing market. Research design, data, and methodology - The data source for this study is the "National Survey of Tax and Benefit" from 2007 (1st) to 2011 (5th) by the Korea Institute of Public Finance. Based on this survey data, we use panel data of 3,838 households that have been surveyed continuously for 5 years. We sort the base variables according to relevance of house investment criteria using the decision tree model (DTM), which is the standard decision-making model for data-mining techniques. The DTM method is known as a powerful methodology to identify contributory variables for predictive power. In addition, we analyze how important explanatory variables and the financial strength index of households affect housing investment with the binary logistic multi-regressive model. Based on the analyses, we conclude that the financial strength index has a significant role in house investment demand. Results - The results of this research are as follows: 1) The determinants of housing investment are age, consumption expenditures, income, total assets, rent deposit, housing price, habits satisfaction, housing scale, number of household members, and debt related to housing. 2) The impact power of these determinants has changed more or less annually due to economic situations and housing market conditions. The level of consumption expenditure and income are the main determinants before 2009; however, the determinants of housing investment changed to indices of the financial strength of households, i.e., DTI, LTV, and PIR, after 2009. 3) Most of all, since 2009, housing loans has been a more important variable than the level of consumption in making housing market decisions. Conclusions - The results of this research show that sound financing of households has a stronger effect on housing investment than reduced consumption expenditures. At the same time, the key indices that must be monitored by the government under economic emergency conditions differ from those requiring monitoring under normal market conditions; therefore, political indices to encourage and promote the housing market must be divided based on market conditions.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.137-148
• /
• 1997

The Serial Securities and the Social Welfare, as the national policy aimed at securing generals' lives, are the policies or systems for the stabilization in lift; especially of law-incomers and workers, for which the povernment has to establish the Social Security System. No wonder the Social Insurance System is a part of the Social Security System and the most important. The Social Insurance System, along with Public Assistance, is underlying the Social Security System. Social Security System includes medical insurance, industrial accident Compensation insurance, national pention insurance and employment insurance. The study is on 'The Oriental Medical Insurance and the Industrial Accident Compensation in the Social Security System' . The rate of industrial accident in Korea marks the highest rank in the world. for laborer, industrial accident do not merely mean the loss of health but the question of the right to live in terms of their loss of opportunity of life. The industrial accident compensation system should be established as the es post facto remedy system to guarantee the injured worker and his/her family's life. The oriental medical insurance system which began to operate in 1987 in Korea is based on unionism and divided into 3 parts; one part for the worker, a second part for the community inhabitants, and a third part for the public service personnel and private school personnel. Today the medical problem must be the most important social assignment to be considered. The medical system of contemporary industrial society has began greatly stood out in relief as a part of social welfare not emphasized on gainings of physicians. Accordingly systematization of the oriental medical insurance was strongly Pursued and it was developed to to the extent of entire nation insurance. Though the history of it is very short, most of the people are getting benefit from the insurance system by the social security system method. This study develops the Oriental Medical Insurance, the Workmen's Accident Compensation Insurance, the Pension System in relation to the industrial accident compensation of Employees, along with the ideas and principles of social insurance.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.229-247
• /
• 2012

This research has analyzed the options of improving 'National Basic Livelihood Security Program' and factors influencing on them, focusing on the 345 social welfare officials' recognition and assessment of the program. As a result of the analysis, some difference has been identified in the assessment of respective options in accordance with how social welfare officials recognize and assess the program and its recipients. The assessments as to the options of improving restrictions on the able-bodied poors, implementation of the individual benefit method, and so forth were shown differently according to the age; years of service; amount of work; rationality of the criteria for selecting recipients; levels of payment by the 'National Basic Livelihood Security Program'; possibility of the recipients' exit from poverty; achievements of the self-supporting program; and evaluation of the program improvement efforts of the government. Based on this result of analysis, key tasks and improvement options for the 'National Basic Livelihood Security Program' have been explored on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the program.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.37
• /
• pp.119-141
• /
• 1999

Korea paid attention to the work injury insurance in the early economic development stage as other developed countries did. Thus "The industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Law" was legislated in 1963 and it is now expanded to apply to the workplace with five or more employees. Beside the low coverage of the number of employees, the scope of benefits are the problem of work injury insurance. The work injury insurance's main benefits are for the loss of income and the medical cost caused by occupational accidents. On the other hand, the investment on the prevention accident and the medical, social and employment rehabilitation is very low, even though the occupational accident pension is higher than that in other OECD countries. Practically lay-off benefits and survivor' benefit for some special workers are paid more than they need, therefore they want to remain under the benefit condition and the medical care days are longer. This paper indicates the problems of work injury insurance and suggest how to improve the functions of it.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.41-70
• /
• 2005

The object of the study is to examine the change of social-economic structure and poverty-shape to escape poverty. In Korea, the working poor have been increased by flexibility and division of labor market since the economic crisis in 1997, and are faced with hard conditions due to the vulnerable welfare system. Especially the workers who engage in irregular jobs were increased by restructure of labor market. Besides they are in unstable employment terms such as low payment, low-skill and exclusion from welfare-benefit. Many small independent businessmen are also in danger of poverty for enterprises trend to move abroad by globalization. Poverty policy in our country was focused on the absolute poor class that has relation with old age, unemployment, disable, disease etc, so they were the object of welfare policy. The poverties, however, are increasing rapidly after the economic crisis, and they work so hard but are still poor, that is, participation in labor market doesn't become an element to escape poverty. Thus the emergence of new poverties whose core consists of the working poor becomes to need new poverty policy. The study is to survey change of their economic conditions, their welfare conditions, their experiences and responses of social dangers after the economic crisis, then to explore the policy to escape poverty. As the result of the study, it shows that the working poor experienced many kinds of social dangers like unemployment, decrease of income etc. In their welfare conditions as their responses to the social dangers, the benefit of social insurance, enterprise welfare like legal retirement pay and paid leave and private welfare such as private pension and insurance are low. The working poor are faced with social dangers, moreover, they don't have skill or education for adapting themselves to information society. The study says that it needs variable policies for the working poor to escape poverty, and suggests payment & tax policies as stable income policy, occupational discipline and skill-education for promoting the quality of employment, moreover, social insurance as expansion of social welfare policy and housing & education policies whose objects are the working poor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2019

Background: Due to the diversification and advancement of research, researchers have become to deal with a variety of chemical and biological harmful materials in the laboratories of universities and research institutes and the risk has increased as well. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the social safety net for laboratory accidents by strengthening the compensation to the level comparable to that of Korean Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service, when the researchers become physically disabled by laboratory accidents. The purpose of this study is to secure researchers' health rights and to create a research environment where researchers can work with confidence by strengthening the compensation to the level comparable to that of Korean Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service. Method: We analyzed the laboratory accidents by year, injury type, severity of accident and disability grade with the 6 year data from 2011 to 2016, provided by Laboratory Safety Insurance. Based on the analysis result, we predicted the financial impact on Laboratory Safety Insurance if we introduce a compensation annuity by disability grade which is similar to Injury-Disease Compensation Annuity of Korean Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service. Result :As of 2011, the insured number of Laboratory Safety Insurance was approximately 700,000. The Average premium per insured was KRW 3,339 and there were 158 claims. Total claim amount was KRW 130 million, whereas the premium was about KRW 2.3 billion. The loss ratio was very low at 5.75%. If we introduce a compensation annuity by disability grade similar to Injury-Disease Compensation Annuity of Korean Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service, the expected benefit amount for 1 case of disability grade 1 would be KRW 1.6 billion, assuming 2% of interest rate. Given current premium, the loss ratio, the ratio of premium income to claim payment, is expected 41.4% in 2017 and 151.6% in 2026. The increased loss ratio due to the introduce of the compensation annuity by disability grade is estimated to be 11.0% in 2017 and 40.4% in 2026. Conclusion: Currently, laboratories can purchase insurance companies' laboratory safety insurance that meets the standards prescribed by Act on the Establishment of Safe Laboratory Environment. However, if a compensation annuity is introduced, it would be difficult for insurance companies to operate the laboratory safety insurance due to financial losses from a large-scale accident. Therefore, it is desirable that one or designated entities operate laboratory safety insurance. We think that it is more desirable for laboratory safety insurance to be operated by a public entity rather than private entities.