• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.452-458
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• 2019

Objective: The study was carried to determine the interaction effects of pen enrichment and sex on behavioral activities, skin lesions and physiology of Windsnyer pigs. Methods: Forty-eight growing Windsnyer pigs of both sex, with an average initial body weight of 21.6 (${\pm}9.01$) kg were used. Four pigs were randomly assigned to either enriched or barren pens at a stocking density of $0.35m^2/pig$. Enriched pens contained 2 L bottles filled with stones and suspended at head level on ropes stretching across the pens. In addition, two plastic balls (90 mm in diameter) and 500 mL bottles (235 mm long) were placed on the floor of each enriched pen. Results: Pigs in barren environments had higher heart rates (p<0.001) than those in enriched pens. There was an interaction of pen environment and sex on rectal temperature (p<0.001). Females in enriched pens had higher rectal temperatures (p<0.05) than females in barren pens. There was no interaction of pen environment and sex on time spent eating and drinking (p>0.05). Time spent bullying was influenced (p<0.05) by pen environment and sex. Female pigs in barren environment spent more time on bullying than females in enriched pens. There was an interaction of pen environment and sex on time spent lying down and walking (p<0.05). Female pigs in enriched pens spent more time lying down than females in barren pens. Males in barren pens spent more time walking than males in enriched pens while no effect of pen environment was observed in females. There was an interaction of pen environment and sex on the number of skin lesions in the head, neck and shoulder region and other parts of the body (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that pen enrichment reduced the number of skin lesions and anti-social behaviors, especially for female pigs. There is a need, therefore of housing indigenous pigs under confinement.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.367-372
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• 2007

현재 펜기반 컴퓨팅 환경에서 주로 쓰이는 문자 입력 방식은 화상키보드이다. 그러나 화상키보드는 펜 컴퓨터를 위해 나온 것이 아니기에 차지하는 화면의 크기나 움직임 거리등의 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 그러한 단점을 개선하기위하여 모바일 장치의 키패드를 이용하여 새로운 입력방식을 제안한다. 햅틱 피드백 디바이스인 ActivePen의 기능을 이용하여 보다 효율적인 멀티탭 방식의 키패드인 Stair-tap과 Time-tap을 소개하고 사용성 평가 결과를 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.20-24
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• 1998

Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) has been known since 1948, when its synthesis was first reported by ICI. Co. In spite of its long history. application of PEN is limited as compared with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). because PEN monomer is very expensive, and PEN exhibits relatively high melt viscosity that is not easy for fiber spinning and injection molding.(omitted)

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.170-172
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• 2014

Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) is a known interventional technique for the management of spinal pain. As with any procedures, PEN is associated with complications ranging from mild to more serious ones. We present a case of intracranial subdural hematoma after PEN requiring surgical evacuation. We review the relevant literature and discuss possible complications of PEN and patholophysiology of intracranial subdural hematoma after PEN.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2006

Organic and inorganic hybrid nanocomposites based on poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) and silica nanoparticles were prepared by a melt blending process. In particular, polymer nanocomposites consisting mostly of cheap conventional polyesters with very small quantities of inorganic nanoparticles are of great interest from an industrial perspective. The crystallization behavior of PEN/silica hybrid nanocomposites depended significantly on silica content and crystallization temperature. The activation energy of crystallization for PEN/silica hybrid nanocomposites was decreased by incorporating a small quantity of silica nanoparticles. Double melting behavior was observed in PEN/silica hybrid nanocomposites, and the equilibrium melting temperature decreased with increasing silica content. The fold surface free energy of PEN/silica hybrid nanocomposites decreased with increasing silica content. The work of chain folding (q) for PEN was estimated as $7.28{\times}10^{-20}J$ per molecular chain fold, while the q values for the PEN/silica 0.9 hybrid nanocomposite was $3.71{\times}10^{-20}J$, implying that the incorporation of silica nanoparticles lowers the work required to fold the polymer chains.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.599-604
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• 2011

The PET-PEN copolymers have been synthesized and the effect of their morphology on the physical properties of polyester flexible substrate was investigated. It was found that the block sequence of synthesized copolymer was varied depending upon DMT/NDC ratio in polymerization. Higher PET-PEN and PEN block sequence in polyester copolymer resulted in the increase of glass transition temperature and it caused the enhancement of dimensional stability as a polyester flexible substrate. The highest coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) was obtained when DMT/NDC ratio is 50/50. Synthesized PET-PEN copolymer seems to be acceptable as a flexible substrate since it shows that their optical transmittance at 550 nm is over 80% and thermal weight loss at $280^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr is less than 0.4 wt%.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2019

The purpose of this study analyze consumer usage characteristics and product development guide of electronic pen based on TAM theory(Davies, 1989). Research methods apply contents analysis(qualitative research) and Activity/Inactivity analysis of main consumer participation. Research results are as follows. Active consumer indicated 30-49 age, male, office job and research fellow. And they suggested stable power supply system, App connected pen function extension, add the modified pen function, advanced data recognition of pen, advanced take note ability and stable grip feeling of pen, selected line width, synchronization improvement with other smart device and charging function. These result indicated the importance product improvement diffusion factor of early market to main market. The future research of electric pen focused on different product strategy between electric pen and smart device connected electric pen.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.244-257
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• 2002

A thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP) which has flexible butylene/hexylene spacers in the main chain and a triad aromatic ester type mesogenic unit containing a naphthyl group was prepared by solution polycondensation. The in-situ composites based on poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP) were prepared and melt spun at different TLCP contents and different draw ratios to produce monofilaments. Blends of the TLCP with PEN were investigated in terms of thermal, mechanical properties and morphology. The TLCP synthesized showed nematic mesophasic behavior and its transition temperature to isotropic melt from mesophase was 249℃. The blends showed well dispersed TLCP phases in the PEN matrix without macroscopic phase separation. Inclusion of TLCP in the blends decreased the cold crystallization temperature of PEN in the blend, therefore, the TLCP acts as a nucleating agent in the blend and showed good interfacial adhesion between the dispersed LCP phases and PEN matrix with domain sizes 40~50 nm in diameter and well developed fibrillation in the monofilaments. The TLCP acted effectively as a reinforcing material in the PEN matrix at the 10wt% level, it led to an increase of initial modulus up to 270% and tensile strength by 235%, while the elongation rate increasing with higher draw ratios.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.9 no.2 s.35
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• pp.19-24
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• 2006

Nano fountain-pen is a novel device to make the constant patterning in micro process using new designed probe. Fountain-pen nanolithography (FPN) is applied for constant supply of liquid in conjunction of patterns and surface variation in the micro process. In this study, nuo fountain-pen is composed with reservoir, micro channels, tip and scondary chamber. Instead of traditional method only using capillary force, liquid can be definitely and exactly injected with membrane pumping by the repulse force of tip. It is dfficult to perform experiments in the micro range so that we carried out a numerical analysis for internal flow, using a commercial code, FlUENT, The velocity, pressure and flow rate are obtained under laminar, unsteady, three-dimensional incompressible flow with no-slip condition, and results are graphically described.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1313-1318
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• 2015

Current touch pen requires the special equipments to detect a touch and its price increases in proportion to the screen size. In this paper, we propose a method for detecting a touch and implementing a pen using the depth information. The proposed method obtains a background depth image using a depth camera and extracts an object by comparing a captured depth image with the background depth image. Also, we determine a touch if the depth value of the object is the same as the background and then provide the pen event. Using this method, we can implement a cheaper and more convenient touch pen.