• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권8호
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• pp.18.1-18.8
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• 2017

Background: In 2006, the European Union (EU) has decided to forbid use of antibiotics as growth promoters. Although many researches had been conducted about fiber source as alternatives of antibiotics, there are still lack of reports in the literature about the optimum level of sugar beet pulp supplementation, affecting growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. Therefore, different level of sugar beet pulp was added to diets to determine the effects of sugar beet pulp supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, blood profile and incidence of diarrhea in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 200 weaning pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], averaging $9.01{\pm}1.389kg$ of initial body weight were, allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Each treatment was composed of 4 replicates with 10 pigs per pen. The treatments were control treatment: Corn-SBM basal diet + ZnO (phase 1: 0.05%; phase 2; 0.03%) and four different levels of sugar beet pulp were supplemented in Corn-SBM basal diet (3, 6, 9 or 12%). Two phase feeding programs (phase 1: 1-2 weeks; phase 2: 3-5 weeks) were used for 5 week of growth trial. Results: In feeding trial, there were no significant differences in growth performance and incidence of diarrhea among treatments. The E.coli counts were not significantly different among dietary treatments but linear response was observed in Lactobacillus counts as sugar beet pulp supplementation increased (P < 0.05). In addition, IGF-1, IgA and IgG were not affected by dietary treatments. However, the BUN concentration was decreased when pigs were fed the treatments of diets with SBP compared to that of control treatment (P < 0.05). In nutrient digestibility, crude fiber and NDF digestibilities were improved as the sugar beet pulp increased (P < 0.05). However, digestibilities of crude ash, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen retention were not affected by dietary sugar beet pulp levels. Conclusion: This experiment demonstrated that sugar beet pulp can be supplemented in weaning pigs' diet instead of ZnO to prevent postweaning diarrhea without any detrimental effect on growth performance.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2005

The cinema costume designers carry out the creative works in a different way from the commercial fashion designers generating the new trends by season or year for a number of people. Costumes created by the cinema costume designers are for the people acting in the film screens such as heroes, heroines or extras. The cinema costume designers should not miss the overall flow of a cinema. Moreover, the prominent designers have to devise the costumes livening up every scene. Most cinemas with the prudent interests and attention on the costumes are favored by the public and gain the commercial success. In particular, the cinemas emphasize the visual effects such as setting, lighting and computer graphics and require the substantial budgets for preparing the costumes regardless of genres, while all other industrial fields will be the same. Such efforts are to deliver the meaning and aesthetics that the cinemas intend to show through the designs, colors and textures of costumes closed up in each scene. The costumes in cinemas are another linguistic system and have the symbolic form of compound and meaningful communication used by the directors. The costume design is required to produce the costumes that liven up the characteristics of heroes or heroines as well as to fit for the general artistic effects of films. Moreover, it has to express the characters in the films using the costumes suitable for the film genres. Cinema costumes are defined and refined, and the process can be angst-ridden. Each frame of film is a canvas and has its own proscenuium. Every garment worn in a theatrical production is a costume. Before an actor speaks, his wardrobe has already spoken for him. From the most obvious and flamboyant show clothing, to contemporary clothes using subtle design language, costume design plays an integral part in every film production. Costume design is a vital tool for storytelling. Costumes have always had enormous influence on world fashion. Costume designers are passionate storytellers, historians, social commentators, humorists, psychologists, trendsetters and magicians who can conjure glamour and codify icons. Costume designers are project managers who have to juggle ever-decreasing wardrobe budgets and battle the economic realities of film production. Costume designers are artists with pen and paper, form, fabric and the human figure.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding various Lactobacillus on performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal microflora, and fecal noxious gas of broiler chicks. One thousand eighty one dat old male broiler chicks were fed into Lactobacillus crispatus avibrd 1(LCB), Lactobacillus reuteri avibro 2(LRB), Lactobacillus crispatus avihen 1(LCH), and Lactobacillus vaginalis avehen 2(LVH) at the level of $10^{4}$ and 10(sup)7cfu/g diet. There were four replicates with thirty chicks per pen. Diets contained ME 3,100, 3,100kcal/kg, and CP 22.0, 20.0% for starting and finishing period, respectively. Weight gain of checks fed Lactobacillus spp. tended to increase from the first week and was higher from 50 to 100g in Lactobacillus treatments than control. Feed intake and feed conversion were not statistically different of all treatments. Dry Matter(DM) digestibility of Lactobacillus treatments was tended to improve compared to that of control, but was not significantly different. Protein and Ca digestibility were also tended to improve in Lactobacillus treatments relative that of control. Lactobacillus treatments showed improved tendency in crude ash and fat compared to those of control, whereas phosphorus digestibility was not consistency. Nutrients digestibilities of bird fed LCH were superior to those of other treatments. It showed significantly higher in Ca and P digestibility than control(P〈0.05). Total Lactobacillus spp. of birds fed various lactobacillus was significantly higher in ileum for five weeks(P〈0.05), but was not different at cecum. Yeast was thought to be not completely attached to intestinal lumen for one week. However, total number of yeast was significantly increased in cecum and ileum from three weeks old chicks(P〈0.05). The number of anaerobes exhibited to tendency the increase in Lantobacillus treatments from one week old of age at both ileum and cecum. Moisture contents of birds fed Lactobacillus spp. was shown from 27 to 30% at five weeks old, whereas it was 38.2% in control. It decreased approximately 25% in Lactobacillus treatments relative to that of control and showed significance between them(P〈0.05). Fecal $NH_{3}$ gas emission was significantly decreased in Lactobacillus treatments and maintained $\frac{1}{3}$to $\frac{1}{2}$ of control(P〈0.05). LCH and LVH treatments were most effective to decrease fecal $NH_{3}$ gas and especiallt impreved ti significantly at the level of the level of 10(sup)7cfu/g diets covpared to that of $10^{4}$ cfu/g diets and control(P〈0.05). In conclusion, feeding Lactobacillus spp. increase performance and nutrients digestibilities of broiler chicks and improve environments of house. Proper supplemental level of Lactobacillus spp. is considered more than $10^{4}$ cfu/g diet.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2007

본 연구는 희토(rare earth RE)와 Chlortetracycline (CTC)의 육계사료에 대한 첨가 효과를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 실험은 pen별 평균 개시시 체중이 비슷하도록 15수씩 평사로 배치하여 4처리구 4반복으로 희토와 항생제-CTC, 그리고 두 가지 혼용였을 경우의 효과를 관찰하고자 0, RE 100 ppm, CTC 200 ppm, RE100 ppm+ CTC200 ppm으로 하였다. 증체량, 사료 섭취량, 사료 요구율이 실험 기간중에 조사 되었으며, 실험 종료후 도살하여 체중에 대한 간 및 복강 지방의 비율과 장내미생물의 변화를 조사하였다. 시험 결과, RE 첨가구가 대조구보다 높은 증체량을 나타냈고(P<0.05), 사료 섭취량은 대조구에 비해 현저히 낮았으며(P<0.05), 사료 요구율도 대조구에 비해 16.08% 개선된 효과를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 생체중에 대한 복강지방의 비율도 RE 첨가구가 대조구 뿐만 아니라 기타 처리구에 비해서도 현저히 감소되었다(P<0.05). 생체중에 대한 간장 무게의 비율은 모든 처리구가 대조구와 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 장내미생물은 회장과 맹장의 미생물에 대한 관찰 결과, 희토첨가로 총 균수와 E. coli의 증식을 현저하게 억제되었으며(P<0.05), Salmonella는 수가 감소되는 경향을 보였으며, Lactobacillus의 수는 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과 희토는 육계사료에서 항생제를 대체할 가능성을 보였으며, 희토의 첨가로 생산성이 개선되고 복강 지방 감소되는 경향을 보였으며, 장내 병원성 미생물을 억제하는 결과를 보였다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2000

신호 분석용 컴퓨터와 음성을 획득하기 위한 고성능 마이크로폰, 획득된 음성에서 노이즈 제거 및 음성 신호 증폭을 위한 증폭기 그리고 음성 신호를 저장하기 위한 데이터 레코더와 신호 분석용 오실로스코프로 이루어진 음성 분석 시스템을 개발하여 임신돈의 분만시기 예측한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 임신돈은 분만일에 가까워지면서 소리자르는 회수가 증가하고, 눕는 위치를 바꾸는 행동을 빈번하게 함으로써 이러한 행동시 발생되는 소리의 회수가 증가하는 것을 관찰할 수 있다. 따라서 임신돈의 분만 예측을 위해 이러한 소리의 발생회수와 시간을 기록 분석하도록 알고리즘을 개발하였고, Labwindows/CVI로 Software를 개발하였다. 2. 임신돈의 음성 특성은 오실로스코프와 상용 프로그램(Sound Forge)을 사용하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과 임신돈의 순수 음성은 30~2,500Hz 사이의 진동수와 -35~-75dB의 크기로 나타났다. 3. 임신돈의 분만 예측을 위해 분만시간과 음성 및 발생 소리의 출연회수의 상환관계를 분석하였으며, 그 결과 분만 예정일로부터 3일 동안 발생된 소리의 출연 횟수는 8일 동안 발생된 총 소리의 출현 합계의 85%에 해당되었고, 분만 예정 8시간 동안 발생된 소리의 출연 횟수는 46%에 해당되었다. 4. 음성 및 소리의 출현 회수에 의한 분만 예측의 성공률은 분만 1일전임을 예측하는 것에 목표를 두고 이루어졌으며, 그 결과 공시 돼지 모두 분만일에 가까워지면서 계속적인 자리바꿈 행동에 의해 소리 출현 횟수가 증가하여 분만 1일전과 6시간전임을 예측시 모두 100% 성공률을 보였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.604-611
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of fermented persimmon diet on the meat quality of fattening pigs. Pigs (75 kg) were grouped and housed as 15 animals per pen and 3 replications per treatment. The basal diet (C) was substituted with 3% (T1), 5% (T2) and 10% (T3) of fermented diet. The 180 pigs were fed experimental diet for 42 d and 10 longissimus dorsi (LD) per treatment were collected when each swine reached 105.6 kg of body weight. The crude fat concentration of LD was lower (p<0.05) in treatments, but the pH value of T3 and the shear force values of T2 and T3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of C. The CIE $L^*$ value (lightness) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 than C, but the CIE $b^*$ (yellowness) of T2 and T3 was significantly (p<0.05) lower than C. The composition of myristic acid and oleic acid was significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatments than in C, while the composition of palmitic acid and stearic acid of treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than C in LD. Sensory evaluation of cooked meat as scores of aroma, taste, juiciness and overall acceptability showed higher (p<0.05) in treatments than in C. In conclusion, the dietary of fermented persimmon diet decreased the crude fat concentration, improved the fatty acids composition (increased composition of unsaturated fatty acid and decreased composition of saturated fatty acid) and improved the sensory evaluation of pork meat from fattening pigs.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.564-568
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• 2008

본 시험은 육성돈 사료내 건조 맥주박의 급여가 생산성과 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 시험동물은 3원 교잡종(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) 육성돈 48두를 공시하여 42일간 실시하였으며 개시 체중은 19.3 kg 이었다. 시험설계는 1) CON (basal diet), 2) BDG5 (basal diet + 5 % brewer's dried grain) 및 3) BDG10(basal diet + 10% brewer's dried grain)로 3처리로 하여 처리당 8반복 반복당 2마리씩 완전임의배치 하였다. 건조 맥주박의 급여가 육성돈의 생산성에 미치는 영향에 있어서는 일당증체량, 일당사료섭취량 및 사료효율에서 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 영양소 소화율 중 건물 소화율에 있어서 BDG5 처리구가 CON과 BDG10 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 질소 소화율에 있어서는 BDG10 처리구가 CON과 BDG5 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 가장 높았으며(p<0.05) BDG5 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 또한, 에너지 소화율에서는 BDG5 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 육성돈 사료내 건조 맥주박의 급여는 성장능력에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 영양소 소화율을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.538-544
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• 2007

We usually try to accomodate ourselves to our nature surroundings interacting with nature. There fore I've decided to apply nature materials, esp. the pine to Hair Art as a way of expressing our feelings from Nature. 'Hair Art' is a follow-up study based on the various artistic point of view. There has been various works of 'Hair Art' with nature materials. However, it is rare to see a work of 'Hair Art' with the pine. That's why I've decided to study more about this. This study is a new experiment in 'Hair Art' against a conventional idea "Hair Art values practicability." Therefore, the primary goal of this study is to do much for the cause of learning in 'Hair Art' and encourages some development of 'Hair Art' industry. I've researched an image of a pine tree in art of Joseon Dynasty and contemporary art. Then I've tried to apply the image to a work of 'Hair Art'. First of all, in a view of expression technique for the symbolism of the pine, the artists in Joseon Dynasty drew pictures of a pine tree with a paintbrush but the modern artists make a new attempt from the thought of Modernism. We can find it in some photos. Next, to express traditional oriental idea such as 'unconventional and elegance', comtemporary artists chose the symbolism of the pine tree as an object of their works like pen and ink sketches from the thought of Modernism. Third, in a fusion style picture which contains features of both oriental paintings and western paintings and in a sexualism style picture that depicts a harmony of a male and a female as a shape of a pine, we can find colorful images of a pine tree and Their figurative beauty in art. Those are another symbols of the pine. In conclusion, the implication of the pine tree still hasn't changed even there are differences of drawings of pine tree in the past and the present. I've tried to combine these symbolic ideas of the pine with 'Hair Art' and made 5 hair styles. Throughout the process of researching this topic which is 'The Study of Hair Art Using The Symbolism of The Pine', I've realized that pine trees make it possible to express intrinsic tough spirit of human being and abundance in color and figurative beauty in art. I hope this can contribute to the field of 'Hair Art' and would become an important educational resource for further study.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 펄자임(갯벌 미생물 유래 단백질분해 효소제) 첨가가 육계의 생산성과 소화기관의 길이와 무게에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 4일령의 암컷 Ross 240수를 각 15수씩 2개의 처리구(Control vs. Pearlzyme)로 나누어, 처리구당 8개의 펜에 무작위로 배치하였다. 육계는 그 후 32일령까지 4주 동안 2개의 사료(Control vs. Pearlzyme) 중에 하나를 섭취하였다. 그 결과, 펄자임 첨가사료는 급여 첫 한주 동안에 유의적인 증체효과를 보였지만(p<0.05), 시간의 경과와 함께 그 효과는 감소되어 마지막 한 주 동안에는 사료섭취량의 증가에도 불구하고, 증체량 및 사료효율이 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 대조구에서 4주간의 실험기간 동안 총 3.3%의 폐사율이 발생하였지만, 펄자임 첨가구에서는 폐사계가 전혀 발생되지 않았다. 그러나 펄자임 첨가사료에서는 육계의 소화기관 특히 직장과 맹장의 무게, 그리고 맹장의 길이가 유의하게 증가하였고(p<0.05), 근위의 무게는 증가하고(p=0.071), 소장의 무게는 감소하는(p=0.068) 경향이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는, 육계 사료에 첨가된 펄자임은 급여 첫 한 주 동안에는 증체효과를 보였지만, 급여기간이 경과함에 따라 그 효과는 오히려 감소되었으며, 소화기관의 발달에 영향을 미친다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2010

시험동물은 $68.77{\pm}0.10kg$인 3원 교잡종(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) 비육돈 96두를 공시하였으며, 8주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1) corn-soybean meal diet, 2) corn-soybean meal diet + 0.05% enzyme complex, 3) cornsoybean meal diet with DDGS 및 4) corn-soybean meal diet with DDGS + 0.05% enzyme complex으로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 6반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 등심의 pH는 DDGS를 함유한 두 처리구가 CON - Enzyme 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.01). 관능평가에 있어서 경도(Firmness)은 DDGS - Enzyme 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 육색에 있어서 $a^*$ 값은 DDGS를 함유한 두 처리구가 DDGS를 함유하지 않은 두 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 등심 및 등지방의 지방산 조성에서 총 UFA와 총 UFA/SFA는 DDGS를 함유한 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높은 효과를 나타냈다(p<0.001). 결론적으로 DDGS 급여는 등심의 pH, 경도, 육색, 불포화 지방산 조성을 증가시켰으나, 복합 효소제 첨가 급여에 따른 육질의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다.