• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.436-444
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of 3-in-1 flowable composite to the enamel and dentin of primary teeth to previous adhesive systems. 110 primary incisors were prepared and divided into two groups: Dentin group included 5 groups: 1) Scotch bond Multi-purpose plus(DSM), 2) Single-bond 2(DSB), 3) Clearfil SE bond(DSE), 4) All bond universal(DAB), 5) Constic(DC), and Enamel group included 6 groups: 1) Scotch bond Multi-purpose plus(ESM), 2) Single bond 2(ESB), 3) Clearfil SE bond(ESE), 4) All bond universal(EAB), 5) Constic(EC), 6) Constic with additional etching(ECE). A cylinder of composite was bonded to the prepared surface, and the shear bond strength was measured. In the dentin groups, group DC had significantly lower shear bond strength than group DSE. No significant difference was found between group DC, group DSM, group DSB and group DAB. In the enamel groups, there was no significant difference between group EC, group ESE, and group EAB. This material showed lowest shear bond strength among all tested materials in both enamel and dentin groups, showing insignificant difference with some adhesive systems. Therefore, 3-in-1 flowable composite can be used for primary teeth restoration but further studies are needed.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to compare peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion by the open method to the laparoscopic method. Twenty four laparoscopic and 10 open peritoneal dialysis catheter placements were performed in children between 2001 and 2008. Patient characteristics, operation related data, procedural complications and clinical outcome were compared. Although there were no cases of catheter obstruction, exit site infection or bleeding in the laparoscopic group, compared to the open method, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Catheter removal rate due to complication was high in the open group and catheter survival rate was high in the laparoscopic group. We concluded that laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter placement is feasible in children of all age groups with at least equivalent functional results compared to the open method. An advantage of laparoscopic catheter insertion is removal of the great omentum and easy fixation of the catheter to the abdominal wall.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.207-218
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• 2013

Long term outcomes after liver transplantation are major determinants of quality of life and of the value of this heroic treatment. As short term outcomes are excellent, our community is turning to take a harder look at long term outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review these outcomes, and highlight proposed treatments, as well as pressing topics needing to be studied. A systemic review of the English literature was carried in PubMed, covering all papers addressing long term outcomes in pediatric liver transplant from 2000-2013. Late outcomes after pediatric liver transplant affect the liver graft in the form of chronic liver dysfunction. The causes include rejection particularly humoral rejection, but also de novo autoimmune hepatitis, and recurrent disease. The metabolic syndrome is a major factor in long term cardiovascular complication risk. Secondary infections, kidney dysfunction and malignancy remain a reality of those patients. There is growing evidence of late cognitive and executive function delays affecting daily life productivity as well as likely adherence. Finally, despite a good health status, quality of life measures are comparable to those of children with chronic diseases. Long term outcomes are the new frontier in pediatric liver transplantation. Much is needed to improve graft survival, but also to avoid systemic morbidities from long term immunosuppression. Quality of life is a new inclusive measure that will require interventions and innovative approaches respectful not only on the patients but also of their social circle.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.293-299
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• 1997

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare, hereditary disease occurring in males and was first described in 1937. It is characterized by cutaneous eczema, thrombocytopenic purpura and an increased susceptibility to infection due to an immunologic defect. Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have a poor antibody response to polysaccharide antigens, low levels of IgM and high levels of IgA and IgE in serum. Oral manifestations of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome was observed a spontaneous gingival bleeding, palatal petechiae, ulcer and gingival hyperplasia. We report on dental treatment of a 5 years old boy with severe spontaneous gingival bleeding and ulcer suffered from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection and all potential measures including platelet concentrate therapy to prevent postoperative bleeding should be undertaken. Good oral hygiene should be maintained for prevention of infection by oral normal flora.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1999

Pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy has been gradually accepted as the surgical management of a various splenic disorders, particularly in hematologic diseases. We report our experience with 16 patients who underwent this procedure because of hematologic disorders during the past 3 and a half years at the Department of Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University Medical College. The mean age was 10 years(range 6-16 years) and the mean spleen weight was 210 gm(range 85-500 g). The indication for splenectomy were hereditary spherocytosis(6 cases), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(8 cases), autoimmune hemolytic anemia(1 case), and idiopathic splenomegaly(1 case). All splenectomies were performed safely with mean estimated blood loss of 233 ml. Mean operative time and mean postoperative hospital stay were 157 min and 4.5 days, respectively. Postoperative pain, medication was needed in 3 cases, just one injection in immediate postoperative period. Diet was started on the second or third postoperative day. In conclusion, laparoscopic splenectomy in pediatric patients is a safe procedure, offering a small of abdominal scar, much less pain, a shorter hospital stay and car the lower postoperative morbidity.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 1995

Since 1988, we have performed esophageal replacement with the reversed gastric tube on four esophageal atresia patients. Three patients had long-gap esophageal atresias and one patient had recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula that was previously operated on three times. One combined imperforate anus. The youngest patient was 6-month-old and the oldest, 34-month-old at the time of procedure. The technique of gastric tube construction is described. There have been both major and minor complications. Although two patients had shown distal tube strictures as late complications. those were solved with tuboplasties on 29 months and 48 months, postoperatively. Growth and development have been acceptable in all four patients, although most remain in the lower percentiles for growth and height, a condition that usually predates the esophageal substitution. Conclusively, reversed gastric tube interposition has proved very satisfactory for long-gap esophageal atresia that cannot be anastomosed primarily even by spiral myotomy and esophageal atresia with recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula having destroyed esophagus due to previous operation.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 2006

Abdominal cystic lymphangiomas arising from the mesentery, omentum and retroperitoneum are rare and occasionally confused with other cause of acute abdomen. Sixteen children who underwent surgery for abdominal cystic lymphangioma between 1984 and 2005 at the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center were evaluated retrospectively. There were 9 boys and 7 girls. Age ranged from 12 days to 13 years (mean age: 4.7years). The cysts were located in the omentum (4 cases),mesentery (9 cases: jejunum: 3, colon: 6). retroperitoneum (2 cases) and pelvic cavity (one case). The cyst content was hemorrhagic (8 cases), serous (5 cases), and inflammatory (2 cases), and chyle (one). Prenatal diagnosis was made in 3. The clinical features were variable, but abdominal pain, mass, and abdominal distention in order. There were 3 emergency operations in patients with complicated cyst, who were suspected of having panperitonitis and volvulus preoperatively. Complete excision was accomplished in all cases. There was one mortalityin a newborn with E.coli sepsis. Intestinal obstruction developed in 2 cases in long-term follow-up. No recurrence was observed. Although intraabdominal lymphangioma arising from mesentery, omentum and retroperitoneum are rare, it should be considered as a possible cause of acute abdomen.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1029-1031
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• 2015

Objective: Glypican-3 (GPC3) is reported to be an oncofetal protein that is a useful diagnostic immunomarker for hepatoblastoma. However, the results are not inclusive. This study systemically investigated the association between expression of GPC3 and pediatric hepatoblastoma. Methods: Clinical studies evaluating the association were identified using a predefined search strategy. GPC3 immunohistochemistry was applied in the pathological diagnosis of hepatoblastoma using the monoclonal antibodies with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens. Positive predictive rates for the association between expression of GPC3 and pediatric hepatoblastoma were calculated. Results: Specimens from four clinical studies which including 134 patients with pediatric hepatoblastoma tested by GPC3 immunohistochemistry were considered eligible for inclusion. Systemic analysis showed that, in all patients, pooled positive predictive rate of the association between expression of GPC3 and pediatric hepatoblastoma was 95.5% (128/134). Conclusion: This systemic analysis suggests that the expression of glypican-3 is highly associated with the diagnosis of pediatric hepatoblastoma.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common worldwide and cover a wide range of disorders attributable to the gastrointestinal tract that cannot be explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. The diagnosis of these disorders relies on the symptom-based Rome criteria. In 2016 the Rome criteria were revised for infants/toddlers and for children and adolescents. In this review, we discuss the novel Rome IV criteria for infants and toddlers. The criteria for infant colic were drastically changed, whereas only minor changes were made for regurgitation, cyclic vomiting syndrome, functional diarrhea, infant dyschezia and functional constipation. In addition to this, the new Rome IV discusses underlying mechanisms of pain in infants and toddlers, including the neurodevelopment of nociceptive and pain pathways, the various factors that are involved in pain experience, and methods of pain assessment in infants and toddlers is essential for the clinician who encounters functional pain in this age group. Overall, the Rome IV criteria have become more distinctive for all disorders in order to improve the process of diagnosing pediatric FGIDs.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2007

Lipoblastoma is a rare benign soft tissue tumor occurring in infancy and early childhood. It is characterized by fat lobules with varying degrees of maturity, multivaculoated lipoblasts, fibrocapillary networks and myxoid stroma. Lipoblastoma has a good prognosis with no metastases despite its potential for local invasion. From Jan, 1990 through April, 2007, 12 children underwent the operation for lipoblastoma, 7 boys and 5 girls, diagnosed at median 22 months (5 ~ 43 months). Median follow up was 6 year 7 months. Primary sites included back (n = 5), intraabdominal (n = 2) and one in each of buttock, chest wall, neck, nose and scalp. Tumors presented with a growing mass in 9 patients, abdominal distension in 2, and an incidental finding on chest radiography in one. Complete excisions were done in all patients. There was one recurrence in a patient with a scalp mass. After reoperation, he has been doing well without evidence of recurrence. Lipoblastoma has a favorable prognosis, but recurrence can occur even with complete excision. Regular follow up is necessary to detect recurrences.