• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2015

The methanol extract of Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia N. cv. Chuhwangbae) fruit peel was purified using solvent fractionation, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and octadecylsilane high performance liquid chromatography. Based on the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance data, the two isolated compounds were identified as quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptahydroxyflavan [(-)-dulcisflavan, 2]. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated and identified for the first time from Asian pears and pears, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.821-826
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• 1998

Functional properties of mucilage and pigment extracted from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten were determined at various temperatures, pHs and alcohol concentrations. The crude mucilage extracted from pickly pear showed pH 4.2, 0.14% total acidity and 8.1% total soluble solid content(w/w, wet basis). Polysaccharide was purified from mucilage extract by isopropanol precipitation. Intrinsic viscosity of polysaccharide was 18.1dl/g and decreased with increasing KCl concentration. Relative viscosity and color stability of mucilage extract were determined with capillary viscometer and spectrophotometer at 534nm, respectively. In additions of 1~20%(v/v) ethanol, the red pigment of mucilage extract was very stable, but relative viscosity, increased gradually. For heating above 7$0^{\circ}C$, the stability of red pigment decreased drastically, but rheological property of mucilage was not changed. During storage, the red pigment was extremely unstable at above pH 8.3. At both pH 3.0 and pH 4.2, the red pigment was the most stable at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 18 days. In the case of storage at 37$^{\circ}C$, pigment of mucilage extract at pH 3.0 was destroyed more quickly than that at pH 4.2. Natural mucilage extract(pH 4.2) showed the good stability of red pigment at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 days.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.255-258
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of natural antimicrobials on Listeria monocytogenes isolated from Korean slaughterhouses. A mixture of 15 strains of L. monocytogenes at low (3 Log CFU/mL) or high (7 Log CFU/mL) concentration was exposed to various extracts (grapefruit seed extract, citrus fruit extract, ginger extract, pear extract, Japanese apricot concentrate, balloon flower extract, jujube extract, and omija extract) at $0.001-4.0{\mu}g/mL$. Ginger extract, pear extract, Japanese apricot concentrate, balloon flower extract, jujube extract, or omija extract showed no antimicrobial effects on high-concentration of L. monocytogenes (7 Log CFU/mL). However, grapefruit seed extract and citrus fruit extract showed antibacterial effects against L. monocytogenes at 3 and 7 Log CFU/mL with MBCs of 0.001 and $0.002{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. These results indicate that grapefruit seed extract and citrus fruits extract can be used to control L. monocytogenes as natural antimicrobials.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1373-1380
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• 2019

Objective: This study ascertained effects of cactus pear in association with different roughage in the diet of F1 Holstein/Zebu cows on intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior and performance. Methods: Eight cows with $72{\pm}11$ days of lactation were used. The experimental design was simultaneous in two $4{\times}4$ Latin squares. Four experimental diets were used: Diet 1, sorghum silage as exclusive roughage; Diet 2, sorghum silage associated with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage (dry matter basis); Diet 3, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo) as exclusive roughage; Diet 4, elephant grass associated with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 75:25. Results: Dry matter intake (p = 0.01) was higher with sorghum silage. There were differences in dry matter intake (p = 0.01), crude protein (p<0.01), ether extract (p = 0.01), non-fibrous carbohydrates (p<0.01) and total digestible nutrients (p = 0.01) among the diets. Cactus pear in the diet reduced water intake by 44.52% (p<0.01). The nitrogen balance was 59.71% and 27.49% lower in animals treated with exclusive sorghum silage and sorghum silage associated with cactus pear in relation to diets with elephant grass and elephant grass associated with cactus pear, respectively (p<0.01). The diets did not influence the milk production (p = 0.70), 3.5% fat corrected milk production (p = 0.72) or feed efficiency (p = 0.61). Conclusion: The association of cactus pear with sorghum or elephant grass silage does not alter milk production, reduces the intake of dry matter and water and improves the digestibility of nutrients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2004

This study has been carried out to investigate effect of Rehmanniae Radix (RR) and pear phenolic compound (PC) on the hyperglycemic mice induced with streptozotocin (STZ). For this purpose, male mice were fed with a 0.2 mL RR extract (S group) and the pear PC (90 mg/kg/day) dissolved in a 0.2 mL RR extract (SPC group) while the control group received the same commercial diet for 6 weeks. The blood glucose contents were examined from tail vein blood once a week for 6 weeks. Samples of pancreas removed after the experimental period were processed for the immunohistochemical identification of $\beta$-cells. The levels of serum glucose were decreased significalntly (p<0.05) in the S and SPC groups compared with the control group. The BUN and creatinine levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in SPC group compared with the control group. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests peformed at 24 hours before that period revealed that glucose tolerances in S and SPC group were ameliorated. Immunohistochemical analyses of the pancreases revealed that a lot of insulin- positive $\beta$-cells were contained in a Langerhas's islets of S and SPC groups compared with the control group, and the number of Langerhas's islets were significalntly increased in S (p<0.01) and SPC (p<0.05) groups. These results suggest that RR extract and pear PC could recover the damages induced by STZ in the hyperglycemic mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.408-413
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• 2005

Rheological properties and sensory characteristics of prickly pear jelly made from κ-carrageenan and glucomannan were examined. Prickly pear extract (PPE) fermented by Lactobacillus casei LS (isolated from soy milk curd residue) exhibited pH 3.12, 1.15% acidity (lactic acid) and 2.7 × 10/sup 9/ CFU/mL lactic acid bacteria. In the effect of concentration of fermented PPE, the jelly containing 4% fermented PPE had higher springiness and slightly lower hardness than that without fermented PPE, and was superior to color and taste. The hardness and brittleness of jellies were enhanced by the addition of 0.25% citric acid. The addition of 0.25% ascorbic acid resulted in the production of soft jelly like pudding. In the effect of concentration of κ-carrageenan, the hardness and springiness of jellies were increased by adding 0.75% κ-carrageenan, but was decreased by adding at the 0.9% level. In the overall preference of jellies including sweet and sour taste, higher score was obtained by the fortification of 0.6% and 0.75% κ-carrageenan, 0.25% citric acid and 30% fructose syrup.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 1998

Results obtained from this research showed that the anaerobic contact process was applicable to pear waste with COD removal efficiencies of up to $95\%$ depending on conditions, provided ammonium and phosphate salts were added as well as other nutrients, present in the commercial fertilizer, Milorganite or in yeast extract. These latter materials were required in minimum concentrations of 5 and 1.5 g/L, respectively, in the feed independent of HRT and volatile solids loading rate, with part of the effect due to the mineral fraction. Digestion was satisfactory over the whole range of volatile solids loading rates and liquid retention time of 30 to 0.5 days tested, although treatment efficiency dropped off noticeably between 1 and 0.5 day liquid retention time because of poorer flocculation and separation of anaerobic bacteria. Settling of anaerobic bacteria including methane producing bacteria was related to settling of mixed liquor suspended solids only at 1 to 5 days liquid retention times, at other liquid retention times anaerobic microorganism settled markedly less efficiently than mixed liquor suspended solids. Further studies are being made to provide information of practical and basic interest. Data on the composition of the active fraction of yeast extract might solve many practical nutrient problems encountered with the anaerobic contact process and improve its economics. Further improvement in the flocculation and settling of anaerobic bacteria as well as other bacteria would improve overall performance and allow the use of shorter liquid retention times with dilute waste. Knowledge about the numbers of methane formers present would allow a degree of understanding and control of the process not presently attainable.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2011

The changes in major moth populations were monitored by sex pheromone traps in pear orchards at Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon from 2008 to 2010. Among four major moths, Grapholita molesta and Caposina sasakii occurred most frequently. Their occurrences peaked 2 to 3 times during the growing season from May to September. G. molesta was exceptional, occurring until September. For the environmentally-friendly control of these moths, 9 control materials including insect pathogenic bacteria and environmentally-friendly agricultural materials, were examined on the larva of 4 kinds of moth and sprayed on pear leaves in the field. As the generalized results of bioassay, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Sophora flavescens extract were shown to have better control effects than any other control material.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.577-588
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Poorly regulated inflammation is believed to be the most predominant factor that can result in a wide scope of diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD). Despite many studies on the effect of pear pomace in obesity-related disorders including dysregulated gut microbiota, the protective effect of pear pomace in AD is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pear pomace ethanol extract (PPE) on AD by inhibiting inflammation. MATERIALS/METHODS: In the in vivo experiment, 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was applied to NC/Nga mice to induce AD-like skin lesions. After the induction, PPE was administered daily by oral gavage for 4 weeks. The clinical severity score, serum IgE levels, spleen weight, histological changes in dorsal skin, and inflammation-related proteins were measured. In the cell study, RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with PPE before stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nitrite oxide (NO) production and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-𝛋B) protein expression were detected. RESULTS: Compared to the AD control (AD-C) group, IgE levels were dramatically decreased via PPE treatment. PPE significantly reduced scratching behavior, improved skin symptoms, and decreased ear thickness compared to the AD-C group. In addition, PPE inhibited the DNCB-induced expression of inducible nitrite oxide synthase (iNOS), the receptor for advanced glycation end products, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and NF-𝛋B. PPE inhibited the LPS-induced overproduction of NO and the enhanced expression of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NF-𝛋B in RAW 264.7 cells was suppressed by PPE. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PPE could be explored as a therapeutic agent to prevent AD.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.3 s.26
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• pp.166-178
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop a healthy and functional drink using red ginseng, maekmoondong and omija using Saengmaeksan. Since the red ginseng extract was used as a raw material, it was diluted from 1,000 to 1,500 times using distilled water and the highest sensory score was obtained when the red ginseng extract was diluted to 1,500 times. When the red ginseng extract was mired with omija and maekmoondong, there was no difference between the ratio of 1: 20 : 1, 1 : 21 : 1 and 1: 22: 1 (red ginseng : omija : maekmoondong). In case of sweetener, honey showed the highest sensory store compared to sucrose, pear extract apple extract, sucralose and aspartame. Additionally, the sweetness was evaluated using all sweeteners and 10 brix or 11 brix showed the highest sensory score. Therefore, red ginseng extract was first mixed with omija and maekmoondong in the ratio of 1 : 20 : 1, and distilled water was added to 1,500 times of the amount of red ginseng extract. Honey was finally added to the mixture to obtain 10 brix concentration and this was highly acceptable.