• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.1 s.62
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• pp.25-28
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• 1985

Experiments were carried out to investigate the life cycle of the rice leaf beetle (RLB), (Oulema oryzae KUWAYAMA) ,yield losses by its damages, and control method in $1976{\sim}1983$ at the experimental field of Gangweon PORD. Peak occurrence of adult and larva rice beetle was late May and mid-June, respectively. Adult overwintered in the forest of mountain and move into the paddy field to lay eggs on the rice leaf from late seedling stage. A female adult laid eggs for 2 days, and egg, larval and pupal period was 9, 16, and 9 days, respectively. Leersia japonica MAKINO was damaged slightly by the beetle. The yield reduction by artifical defoliation ranged from 6 to 40% and yield reduction increased as leaf feeding delayed until mid-July. All insecicides show 100% of control value against RLB.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2011

The xAl-yCe oxide catalysts with different mol ratios of Al/(Al+Ce) were prepared by a co-precipitation method and Pt supported on xAl-yCe oxide catalysts were synthesized by an incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), $N_2$ sorption, and $H_2$/CO-temperature programmed reduction ($H_2$/CO-TPR) to correlate with catalytic activities in co oxidation. Among the catalysts studied here, Pt/1Al-9Ce oxide catalyst showed the highest activity in dry and wet reaction conditions and the catalytic activity showed a typical volcano-shape curve with respect to Al/(Al+Ce) mol ratio. When the presence of 5% water vapor in the feed, the temperature of $T_{50%}$ was shifted ca. $30^{\circ}C$ to lower temperature region than that in dry condition. From CO-TPR, the desorption peak of $CO_2$ on Pt/1Al-9Ce oxide catalyst showed the highest value and well correlated the catalytic performance. It indicates that the Pt/1Al-9Ce oxide catalyst has a large amount of active sites which can be adsorbed by co and easy to supplies the needed oxygen. In addition, the amount of pentacoordinated $Al^{3+}$ sites obtained through $^{27}Al$ NMR analysis is well correlated the catalytic performance.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.274-281
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• 2011

We analysed ground motions form Mw 4.3 earthquake around Backryoung Island for the seismic source focal mechanism and horizontal response spectrum. Focal mechanism of the Backryoung Islands area was compared to existing principal stress orientation of the Korean Peninsula and horizontal response spectrum was also compared to those of the US NRC Regulatory Guide (1.60) and the Korean National Building Code. The ground motions of 3 stations, including vertical, radial, and tangential components for each station, were used for grid search method of moment tensor seismic source. The principal stress orientation from this study, ENE-WSW, is consistent fairly well with that of the Korean Peninsula. The horizontal response spectrum using 30 observed ground motions analysed and then were compared to both the seismic design response spectra (Reg Guide 1.60), applied to the domestic nuclear power plants, and the Korean Standard Design Response Spectrum for general structures and buildings (1997). Response spectrum of 30 horizontal ground motions were used for normalization with respect to the peak acceleration value of each ground motion. The results showed that the horizontal response spectrum revealed higher values for frequency bands above 3 Hz than Reg. Guide (1.60). The results were also compared to the Korean Standard Response Spectrum for the 3 different soil types and showed that the vertical response spectra revealed higher values for the frequency bands below 0.8 second than the Korean Standard Response Spectrum (SD soil condition). However, through the qualitative improvements and quantitative enhancement of the observed ground motions, the conservation of horizontal seismic design response spectrum should be considered more significantly for the higher frequency bands.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.276-281
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• 2009

Electrochemical behaviors of $U^{3+}$ and $Gd^{3+}$ were investigated in LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salt by using various electrochemical techniques. The electrodeposition and dissolution currents for uranium show the maximum at -1.51V and -1.35V, respectively while, for gadolinium,at -2.15V and -1.9V, respectively. In case of LiCl-KCl molten salt containing both of $U^{3+}$ and $Gd^{3+}$, the peak potential of electrodeposition of gadolinium shifts to more positive potential than in the solution without $U^{3+}$. The potentials in chronopotentiometric data suddenly dropped to negative value as soon as the reduction currents were applied and became constant at the potential around which the $U^{3+}$ and $Gd^{3+}$ are electrodeposited. The results of normal pulse voltammetry (NPV) and square wave voltammetry show that those methods can be used to qualitatively analyze the elements in the melts. Especially, the differentiation of NPV result was found to be useful for the separation of the peaks of which potentials are close each other.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.402-411
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aims to assess the concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide according to task unit area at swine farms. Methods: A total of six swine farms were selected for this study. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were monitored using a real-time multi-gas monitor which could sample the gases simultaneously. The sampling was done in the pig building, manure storage facility and composting facility of each farm. Results: The concentration of ammonia in the pig buildings(GM 22.6 ppm, GSD 2.3) was significantly higher(p<0.0001) than in the manure storage facilities(GM 10.4 ppm, GSD 2.7) and composting facilities(GM 8.6 ppm, GSD 2.8). The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the manure storage facilities(GM 9.8 ppm, GSD 3.2) was higher(p<0.0001) than in the pig buildings(GM 2.3 ppm, GSD 2.3) and composting facilities(GM 1.9 ppm, GSD 2.5). In particular, the levels of hydrogen sulfide in the confined manure storage facilities were higher than those in open-type facilities and the peak concentration(98 ppm) in the confined facilities was approximate to 100 ppm, at the value of Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health(IDLH). Conclusions: Suffocation accidents caused by hazardous gases at a swine farm have occurred annually. Real-time monitoring of the hazards should be done in order to protect farm workers and livestock from the sudden accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 2002

This study, compared with data of PbO-base glass system is a part of new glass composition design with Bi-base composition for PDP Rib. As $Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3-ZnO$ glass composition including Bi, which have similar density value and work facility to PbO, properties of softening point, thermal expansion coefficient, chemical durability, dielectric constant, and structural changing by XPS were investigated. $Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3-ZnO$ glass system, added 50∼80 wt% $Bi_2O_3$ widely, were presented 400∼480$^{\circ}C$ softening temperature, $68{\sim}72{\times}10^{-7}/^{\circ}C$ thermal expansion coefficient and 13∼25 dielectric constant. These results were showed similar physical properties with Pb-base glass system of same composition content, application possibility as starting composition of rib material was identified through micro-control of components and physical properties. The bonding energy of $O_{1s}$ as the $Bi_2O_3$ content decreasing was increased and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) was decreased, which is caused by non-bridging oxygen increasing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.152-157
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• 2004

Physicochemical characteristics of rice milled by newly designed abrasive milling machine were studied. Crude protein and crude lipid contents were 7.81∼8.50% and 1.07∼0.95%, respectively, and they showed a tendency to decrease with milling times. However, they showed higher values than that of polished rice. Major fatty acids of crude lipid were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. Whiteness of tested samples was higher than brown rice but lower than polished rice. The remain rate of rice germ of four pass-through and polished one time sample (FPS) was 39.33%, and it was higher than that of polished rice (4.00%). One thousand grain weight of samples over than three pass-through was significantly different from brown rice (p<0.05). FPS had smooth surface similar to polished rice and it showed some residual rice germ by scanning electron microscopy. Sensory evaluation showed that the taste of three pass-through rice, four pass-through rice, and FPS was not significantly different from polished rice, whereas their color, odor, texture, and overall acceptability had lower score than polished rice but higher than brown rice. Therefore, we estimate that rice ground over three pass-through by newly designed abrasive milling machine might be a good source having nutritive value.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.724-730
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• 1999

Characteristics and enzyme activity comparison was made between urokinase isolated from urine and pro-urokinase separated from CHO(Chinese Hamster Ovary) cell culture broth. Both of purified urokinase and pro-urokinase resulted 54Kd single band in electrophoresis. Urokinase which was proved as a single molecule by gel filtration showed two separated 33Kd and 21Kd bands by 2-mercaptoethanol reduction. Isoelectric forcusing resulted same pl value of 8.6 for both of them. N-terminal amino acid sequence of urokinase after 159th Ile was Ile-Gly-Gly-Glu-Phe-Thr-Thr-Ile-Glu which was different from another N-terminal sequence of Ser-Asn-Glu-Leu-His-Gln-Val-Pro-Ser-Asn. Thrombolytic activities of both of them were propotional to the enzyme concentration. Urokinase showed thrombolytic activities in an short period of reaction time. Pro-urokinase, however, showed high thrombolytic activity for 2 hours or longer period of reaction time.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

New devices with the structure of ITO/2-TNATA/NPB/TCTA/CBP:$7%Ir(ppy)_3$/BCP/SFC-137/LiF/Al were designed and fabricated to develop high efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes and their electroluminescence properties were evaluated. Among the devices with different thicknesses of CBP in a range of $150{\AA}{\sim}350{\AA}$, the best luminance was obtained in the device with $300{\AA}$-thick CBP host. Nearly saturated current efficiencies indicates that the maximum efficiency value can be obtained with CBP thicknesses of $300{\AA}{\sim}350{\AA}$. The current density, luminance, and current efficiency of the PhOLED(phosphorescent organic light emitting diode) with $CBP(300{\AA}):7%Ir(ppy)_3-emissive$ layer at an applied voltage of 10V were $40mA/cm^2,\;10000cd/m^2$, and 25 cd/A, respectively. The maximum current efficiency was 40.5cd/A under the luminance of $160cd/m^2$. The peak wavelength and FWHM(full width at half maximum) in the electroluminescence spectral were 512nm and 60nm, respectively. The color coordinate was (0.28, 0.63) on the CIE (Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage) chart.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.255-265
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• 2009

Recently many studies have been published on application of immediate loaded implants. However, the immediate loading protocol has not been well documented. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the stress distribution between bone-implant interfaces and the effect of implant length in the anterior maxilla using 3 dimensional finite element analyses. The diameter 4.0 mm threaded type implants with different length(8.5 mm, 10.0 mm, 11.5 mm, 13.0 mm, 15.0 mm) were used in this study. The bone quality of anterior maxillary bone block was assumed to D3 bone. Bone-implant interfaces of immediately loaded implant were constructed using a contact element for simulating the non osseointegration status. For simplification of all the processing procedures, all of the material assumed to be homogenous, isotropic, and linearly elastic. The 178 N of static force was applied on the middle of the palatoincisal line angle of the abutment with $120^{\circ}$ angle to the long axis of abutment. Maximum von Mises stress were concentrated on the labial cortical bone of the implant neck area, especially at the cortical-cancellous bone interfaces. Compared the different length, highest peak stress value was observed at the 8.5 mm implants and the results indicated a tendency towards favorable stress distribution on the bone, when the length was increased. Presence of cortical bone was very important to immediate loading, and it appears that implants of a length more than 13 mm are preferable for immediate loading at the anterior maxilla.