Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
권호 표지

Real-time Monitoring of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide According to Workplace at Swine Farms

양돈장 작업장소별 암모니아 및 황화수소의 실시간 모니터링

  • Park, Jihoon (Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kang, Taesun (Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Seok, Jiwon (Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jin, Suhyun (Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Heo, Yong (Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Kim, Kyungran (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Kyungsuk (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yoon, Chungsik (Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
  • 박지훈 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과) ;
  • 강태선 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과) ;
  • 석지원 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과) ;
  • 진수현 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과) ;
  • 허용 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 김경란 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 이경숙 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 윤충식 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과)
  • Received : 2013.11.05
  • Accepted : 2013.12.12
  • Published : 2013.12.31
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to assess the concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide according to task unit area at swine farms. Methods: A total of six swine farms were selected for this study. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were monitored using a real-time multi-gas monitor which could sample the gases simultaneously. The sampling was done in the pig building, manure storage facility and composting facility of each farm. Results: The concentration of ammonia in the pig buildings(GM 22.6 ppm, GSD 2.3) was significantly higher(p<0.0001) than in the manure storage facilities(GM 10.4 ppm, GSD 2.7) and composting facilities(GM 8.6 ppm, GSD 2.8). The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the manure storage facilities(GM 9.8 ppm, GSD 3.2) was higher(p<0.0001) than in the pig buildings(GM 2.3 ppm, GSD 2.3) and composting facilities(GM 1.9 ppm, GSD 2.5). In particular, the levels of hydrogen sulfide in the confined manure storage facilities were higher than those in open-type facilities and the peak concentration(98 ppm) in the confined facilities was approximate to 100 ppm, at the value of Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health(IDLH). Conclusions: Suffocation accidents caused by hazardous gases at a swine farm have occurred annually. Real-time monitoring of the hazards should be done in order to protect farm workers and livestock from the sudden accidents.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 농촌진흥청

References

  1. Badjagbo K, Sauve S, Moore S. Real-time continuous monitoring methods for airborne VOCs. TrAC Trend Anal Chem 2007;26(9):931-940 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2007.07.004
  2. Bottcher RW. An environmental nuisance: odor concentrated and transported by dust. Chem senses 2001;26(3):327-331 https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/26.3.327
  3. Chai LL, Ni JQ, Chen Y, Diehl CA, Heber AJ et al. Assessment of long-term gas sampling design at two commercial manure-belt layer barns. J Air Waste Manage 2010;60(6):702-710 https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.60.6.702
  4. Clanton CJ, Schmidt DR. Sulfur compounds in gases emitted from stored manure. Transactions of the ASAE 2000;43(5):1229-1239 https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.3016
  5. Donham KJ, Scallon LJ, Popendorf W, Treuhaft MW, Roberts RC. Characterization of dusts collected from swine confinement buildings. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1986;47(7):404-410 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298668691389955
  6. Groot Koerkamp P, Metz J, Uenk G, Phillips V, Holden M et al. Concentrations and emissions of ammonia in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. J Agric Engng Res 1998;70(1):79-95 https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1998.0275
  7. Hoff SJ, Bundy DS, Nelson MA, Zelle BC, Jacobson LD et al. Emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor before, during, and after slurry removal from a deep-pit swine finisher. J Air Waste Manage 2006;56(5):581-590 https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464472
  8. Jin SH, Seok JW, Kang TS, Yoon CS, Kim HC: Summary of documented fatalities in swine manure handling facilities in Korea (1998-2013). AIHce 2013 Student abstracts. Available from: http://www.aiha.org/events/ AIHce/AIHce2013Abstracts/2013%20Student%20A bstracts.pdf
  9. Kim KY, Kim CN. Fluctuation of indoor air pollutants emitted from enclosed pig building in winter. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2003;13(3):191-197
  10. Kim KY, Park JB, Kim CN, Lee KJ. Field study of emission characteristics of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide by pig building types. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2006;16(1):36-43
  11. Kim Y, Evans R, Iversen W, Pierce F. Instrumentation and control for wireless sensor network for automated irrigation. An ASABE Meeting Presentation.;2006. Paper No. 061105
  12. Lee SJ, Lee EY. Emission characterization of ammonia produced from swine nightsoil. Kor J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010;38(3):308-314
  13. Lim T, Heber AJ, Ni JQ, Kendall D, Richert B. Effects of manure removal strategies on odor and gas emissions from swine finishing. Transactions of the ASAE 2004;47(6):2041-2050 https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.17801
  14. Mihina S, Sauter M, Palkovicova Z, Karandusovska I, Broucek J. Concentration of harmful gases in poultry and pig houses. Anim Sci Pap Rep 2012;30(4): 395-406
  15. Milby TH, Baselt RC. Hydrogen sulfide poisoning: clarification of some controversial issues. Am J Ind Med 1999;35(2):192-195 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199902)35:2<192::AID-AJIM11>3.0.CO;2-C
  16. Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MIFAFF), Food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries statistical yearbook(Public Notice No. 11-1541000- 000078-10).; 2012. p. 130
  17. Muhlbauer RV, Swestka RJ, Burns RT, Xin H, Hoff SJ et al. Development and testing of a hydrogen sulfide detection system for use in swine housing. An ASABE Meeting Presentation.;2008. Paper No. 084203
  18. Ni JQ, Heber AJ, Diehl CA, Lim TT. Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulphide and Carbon Dioxide Release from Pig Manure in Under-floor Deep Pits. J Agric Engng Res 2000;77(1):53-66 https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.2000.0561
  19. Ni JQ, Chai L, Chen L, Bogan BW, Wang K et al. Characteristics of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter concentrations in high-rise and manure-belt layer hen houses. Atmos Environ 2012;57(0):165-174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.023
  20. Patni N, Clarke S. Gaseous emissions in swine barns and during slurry mixing in sub-floor pits. In: Proc 2003 ASAE International Meeting 2003
  21. Querellou E, Jaffrelot M, Savary D, Savry C, Perfus J. Fatal outcome of an hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2005;24(10):1302-1304 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2005.04.024
  22. Spoelstra S. Origin of objectionable odorous components in piggery wastes and the possibility of applying indicator components for studying odour development. Agric Environ 1980;5(3):241-260 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-1131(80)90004-1
  23. Sun G, Guo H, Peterson J, Predicala B, Lague C. Diurnal odor, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide emission profiles of confined swine grower/finisher rooms. J Air Waste Manage 2008;58(11):1434-1448 https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.58.11.1434
  24. Swestka R. A Wireless sensor network to quantify hydrogen sulfide concentrations in swine housing. Hydrogen sulfide spatial distribution and exposure in deep-pit swine housing. Graduate Theses and Dissertations of Iowa State University.; 2010. Paper 11416
  25. Thorne PS, Ansley AC, Perry SS: Concentrations of bioaerosols, odors, and hydrogen sulfide inside and downwind from two types of swine livestock operations. J Occup Environ Hyg 2009;6(4):211-220 https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620902729184
  26. Zhu J, Jacobson L, Schmidt D, Nicolai R. Daily variations in odor and gas emissions from animal facilities. Appl Engng Agric 2000;16(2):153-158 https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.5067