• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.365-384
• /
• 2014

The intensity of a ground motion can be measured by a number of parameters, some of which might exhibit robust correlations with the damage of structures subjected to that motion. In this study, 204 near-fault pulse-type records are selected and their seismic parameters are determined. Time history and damage analyses of a tested 3-storey reinforced concrete frame representing for low-rise reinforced concrete buildings subjected to those earthquake motions are performed after calibration and comparison with the available experimental results. The aim of this paper is to determine amongst several available seismic parameters, the ones that have strong correlations with the structural damage measured by a damage index and the maximum inter-story drift. The results show that Velocity Spectrum Intensity is the leading parameter demonstrating the best correlation, followed by Housner Intensity, Spectral Acceleration and Spectral Displacement. These seismic parameters are recommended as reliable parameters of near-fault pulse-type motions related to damage potential of low-rise reinforced concrete structures. The results also reaffirm that the conventional and widely used parameter of Peak Ground Acceleration does not exhibit a good correlation with the structural damage.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
• /
• pp.357-366
• /
• 2000

Longitudinal dynamic behaviors of a bridge system under seismic excitations are examined with various magnitudes of peak ground accelerations. The stiffness degradation due to abutment-soil interaction is considered in the bridge model which may play the major role upon the global dynamic characteristics. The idealized mechanical model for the whole ridge system is proposed by adopting the multiple-degree-of-freedom system which can consider components such as pounding phenomena friction at the movable supports rotational and translational motions of foundations and the nonlinear pier motions. The abutment-soil interaction is simulated by utilizing the one degree-of-freedom system with nonlinear spring. The stiffness degradation of the abutment-soil system is found to increase the relative displacement under moderate seismic excitations.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.509-516
• /
• 2001

As the first step for the application of seismic landslide hazard maps to domestic cases, two types of hazard maps on Ul-joo from pseudostatic analysis and Newmark sliding block analysis are constructed and comllared. Arcview, the GIS program and the 1:5,000 digital maps of the test-site are used for the construction of hazard maps and tile parameters for the analyses are determined by seismic survey and laboratory tests. The results from the pseudostatic analysis have more conservative values of lower critical slope angles, although the results from the two different analyses have similar tendencies. In detail, with increasing the peak ground acceleration, the difference between the two analyses in the critical slope angle increases, while the difference decreases with increasing the maximum soil depth.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.1405-1428
• /
• 2016

Besides the complex instructions of guidance documents for seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings, some institutions have provided simple criteria in terms of simplified rehabilitations. ASCE 41-06 is one of documents that introduced a simple method for assessment of certain buildings that do not require advanced analytical procedures. Furthermore the New Zealand guideline has presented a simple lateral mechanism analysis that is a hand static analysis for determining the probable collapse mechanism, lateral strength and displacement capacity of the structure. The present study is focused on verifying the results of the simplified methods which is used by NZSEE and ASCE 41-06 in assessment of existing buildings. For this, three different special steel moment and braced frames are assessed under these two guidelines and the accuracy of the results is checked with the results of nonlinear static and dynamic analysis. After comparison of obtained results, suggestions are presented to improve seismic retrofit criteria.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.555-570
• /
• 2023

In the current study, a series of experimental and analytical evaluations were performed to introduce the horizontal pseudo static coefficient (kh) as a function of the wall configuration and the reinforcement type for analyzing reinforced soil walls. For this purpose, eight shaking table tests were performed on reduced-scale models of integrated and two-tiered walls reinforced by metal strip and geogrid to determine the distribution of dynamic lateral pressure in the walls. Then, the physical models were analyzed using Mononobe-Okabe method to estimate the value of kh required to establish the dynamic lateral pressures similar to those observed in shaking table tests. Based on the results, the horizontal pseudo static coefficient and the position of resultant lateral force (R) were introduced as a function of the horizontal peak ground acceleration (HPGA), the wall configuration, the reinforcement type as well as maximum wall displacement.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.187-197
• /
• 2009

본 논문은 진동수에 따른 취약도 곡선과 손상확률을 제시하였다. 취약도곡선과 손상확률은 주어진 지진동에 의해 임의의 구조물이 견딜 수 있는 손상의 정도를 나타낸다. 지진에 의한 피해는 지진이 가지는 불확실성으로 인하여 확률적으로 예측하여야 한다. 기존 연구와 달리 본 연구에서는 비선형 동적 해석과 실험 결과를 이용하였다. 본 연구에서는 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 교량에 대한 수치적 시뮬레이션을 통하여 주어진 최대지반가속도에 따른 5단계의 손상 단계별 손상확률을 구하였다. 취약도 곡선을 산출하기위해 해석적 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 지반조건에 따라 각각 100개의 인공지진파를 생성하고 비선형 시간이력해석을 수행하였다. 손상단계는 기존의 실험 결과에 기초한 성능기반에 따라 정의하였으며 RC 교각의 지진거동을 변위연성도로 나타내었다. 손상단계 및 지반가속도를 이용하여 PSC교량의 지반조건에 따른 손상곡선을 도출하여 비교분석하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 지반조건 및 구속철근량에 따른 손상확률의 차이를 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
• /
• pp.73-76
• /
• 2008

지진에 의한 피해는 지진이 가지는 불확실성으로 인하여 확률적으로 예측하여야 한다. 취약도 분석은 교량구조물의 피해를 지반가속도에 따른 확률로 나타내고 주어진 지진파에 대한 손상확률의 단계를 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 교량에 대한 수치적 시뮬레이션에 의한 취약도 곡선을 산출하기위해 해석적 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 지반조건에 따라 각각 100개의 인공지 진파를 생성하고 비선형 시간이력해석을 수행하였다. 손상단계는 기존의 실험결과에 기초한 성능기반에 따라 정의하였으며 RC 교각의 지진거동을 변위연성도로 나타내었다. 손상단계 및 지반가속도를 이용하여 PSC교량의 지반조건에 따른 손상곡선을 도출하여 비교분석하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 지반조건 및 구속철근량에 따른 손상확률의 차이를 확인할 수 있다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2017

Modern seismic codes rely on performance-based seismic design methodology which requires that the structures withstand inelastic deformation. Many studies have focused on the inelastic deformation ratio evaluation (ratio between the inelastic and elastic maximum lateral displacement demands) for various inelastic spectra. This paper investigates the inelastic response spectra through the ductility demand ${\mu}$, the yield strength reduction factor $R_y$, and the inelastic deformation ratio. They depend on the vibration period T, the post-to-preyield stiffness ratio ${\alpha}$, the peak ground acceleration (PGA), and the normalized yield strength coefficient ${\eta}$ (ratio of yield strength coefficient divided by the PGA). A new inelastic deformation ratio $C_{\eta}$ is defined; it is related to the capacity curve (pushover curve) through the coefficient (${\eta}$) and the ratio (${\alpha}$) that are used as control parameters. A set of 140 real ground motions is selected. The structures are bilinear inelastic single degree of freedom systems (SDOF). The sensitivity of the resulting inelastic deformation ratio mean values is discussed for different levels of normalized yield strength coefficient. The influence of vibration period T, post-to-preyield stiffness ratio ${\alpha}$, normalized yield strength coefficient ${\eta}$, earthquake magnitude, ruptures distance (i.e., to fault rupture) and site conditions is also investigated. A regression analysis leads to simplified expressions of this inelastic deformation ratio. These simplified equations estimate the inelastic deformation ratio for structures, which is a key parameter for design or evaluation. The results show that, for a given level of normalized yield strength coefficient, these inelastic displacement ratios become non sensitive to none of the rupture distance, the earthquake magnitude or the site class. Furthermore, they show that the post-to-preyield stiffness has a negligible effect on the inelastic deformation ratio if the normalized yield strength coefficient is greater than unity.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.701-723
• /
• 2015

Friction isolators are one of the most important types of bearings used to mitigate damages of earthquakes. The adaptive behavior of these isolators allows them to achieve multiple levels of performances and predictable seismic behavior during different earthquake hazard levels. There are three main types of friction isolators. The first generation with one sliding surface is known as Friction Pendulum System (FPS) isolators. The double concave friction pendulum (DCFP) with two sliding surfaces is an advanced form of FPS, and the third one, with fully adaptive behavior, is named as triple concave friction pendulum (TCFP). The current study has been conducted to investigate and compare seismic responses of these three types of isolators. The structure is idealized as a two-dimensional single degree of freedom (SDOF) resting on isolators. The coupled differential equations of motion are derived and solved using state space formulation. Seismic responses of isolated structures using each one of these isolators are investigated under seven near fault earthquake motions. The peak values of bearing displacement and base shear are studied employing the variation of essential parameters such as superstructure period, effective isolation period and effective damping of isolator. The results demonstrate a more efficient seismic behavior of TCFP isolator comparing to the other types of isolators. This efficiency depends on the selected effective isolation period as well as effective isolation damping. The investigation shows that increasing the effective isolation period or decreasing the effective isolation damping improves the seismic behavior of TCFP compared to the other isolators. The maximum difference in seismic responses, the base shear and the bearing displacement, for the TCFP isolator are calculated 26.8 and 13.4 percent less than the DCFP and FPS in effective isolation damping equal to10%, respectively.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 1999

지진하중에 의한 상부구조의 낙교는 최근 발생된 지진등에서 알수 있듯이 교각파되와 더불어 교량의 전체적인 붕괴를 유발하는 주요한 원인 것으로 나타났으며 또한 충돌현상은 이러한 낙교를 발생시키는 주된요인인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 충돌현상을 비롯한 교량의 교축방향거동에 영향을 미치는 인자 즉 교각의 비선형성 기초의회전 및 병진운동 교대의 작용 등을 고려하고 최근 낙교방지대책으로 널리 적용되고 있는 restrainer로 보강된 교량시스템의 거동을 해석할 수 있는 모형을 개발하였다 개발된 해석모형을 바탕으로 다양한 지진하중에 의한 교량시스템의 교축방향 거동특성과 restrainer의 보강효과를 분석하였으며 restrainer의 여유길이와 강성변화에 따른 인접 진동계간의 응답특성을 분석하였다 restrainer의 보강효과를 분석하였으며 restrainer의 여유길이와 강성변화에 따른 인접진동계간의 응답특성을 분석하였다. restrainer로 보강된 교량시스템의 충돌에 따른 응답특성을 살펴본 결과 응답의 크기뿐만아니라 응답의 이력자체가 상이한 거동특성을 나타내는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 restrainer의 보강에 따른 변위억제효과는 중진의 경우 restrainer의 여유길이 짧을수록 restrainer의 강성이 클수록 뛰어난 것으로 나타났으나 강진에서는 restrainer의 파단에 대한 대책을 함께 고려하여야 할 것으로 분석되었다.