• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.119-133
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• 2019

Recently, the importance prediction of photovoltaic power (PV) is considered as an essential function for scheduling adjustments, deciding on storage size, and overall planning for stable operation of PV facility systems. In particular, since most of PV power is generated in peak time, PV power prediction in a peak time is required for the PV system operators that enable to maximize revenue and sustainable electricity quantity. Moreover, Prediction of the PV power output in peak time without meteorological information such as solar radiation, cloudiness, the temperature is considered a challenging problem because it has limitations that the PV power was predicted by using predicted uncertain meteorological information in a wide range of areas in previous studies. Therefore, this paper proposes the LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) based the PV power prediction model only using the meteorological, seasonal, and the before the obtained PV power before peak time. In this paper, the experiment results based on the proposed model using the real-world data shows the superior performance, which showed a positive impact on improving the PV power in a peak time forecast performance targeted in this study.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

This article carried studies of the petrographical and petrochemical characteristics on the Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the area of Janggun peak and Gyemyeong peak which is located at the northeastern area of Mt. Geumjeong, Busan. The areas are composed of andesitic rock, sedimentary rock, rhyolitic rock, and intrusive hornblende, biotite granites, in ascending order. According to petrochemistry, the major elements show the calc-alkaline rock series ranged medium-K to high-K. With increasing $SiO_2$, $Al_{2}O_{3}$, $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, $TiO_2$ CaO, MgO MnO and $P_{2}O_{5}$ are decreased and $K_{2}O$ and $Na_{2}O$ are increased in the volcanic rocks. The trace element compositions show high LILE/HFSE ratios and negative anomaly of Nb, and REE patterns show enrichments in LREE and (-) anomaly values increase of Eu from the basaltic andesite to andesite facies, therefore the volcanic rocks have typical characteristics of continental margin arc calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, produced in the subduction environment. The volcanic rock show nearly the same patterns in spider and REE diagram. Fractional crystallization of the basaltic magma would have produced the calc-alkaline andesitic magma. And the rhyolitic magma seems to have been evolved from the basaltic andesitic magma with fractional crystallization of plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, biotite.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.130-135
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• 2022

Purpose: Smart insoles are wearable devices that are inserted into shoes. Smart insoles with built-in pressure and acceleration sensors can measure the plantar pressure, stride length, and walking speed. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the plantar pressure measurements of smart insoles during walking on flat ground. Materials and Methods: Twenty one subjects were included in this study. After wearing smart insoles, I-SOL^® (Gilon, Seongnam, Korea), the subjects walked a 10 m corridor six times at a rate of 100 steps/min, and the middle three steps, free from direction changes, were chosen for data analysis. The same protocol was repeated after wearing Pedar-X (Novel Corporation, Munich, Germany), an insoletype plantar pressure measurement equipment with proven validity. The average maximum pressure (P_peak, kPa) and the time at which P_peak appeared (P_time, %stride) were calculated for each device. The validity of smart insoles was evaluated by using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of P_peak and P_time between the two instruments, and Cronbach's alpha was obtained from the P_peak values to evaluate the reliability. Results: The ICC of P_peak was 0.651 (good) in the hallux, 0.744 (good) in the medial forefoot, 0.839 (excellent) in the lateral forefoot, and 0.854 (excellent) in the hindfoot. The ICC of P_time showed 0.868 (excellent) in the hallux, 0.892 (excellent) in the medial forefoot, 0.721 (good) in the lateral forefoot, and 0.832 (excellent) in the hindfoot. All ICC values showed good or excellent results. The Cronbach's alpha of P_peak measured in the smart insoles was 0.990 in the hallux, 0.961 in the medial forefoot, 0.973 in the lateral forefoot, and 0.995 in the hindfoot; all indicated excellent reliability in all areas. Conclusion: The plantar pressure measurements of smart insoles during walking on a flat ground showed validity compared to Pedar-X, and high reliability after repeated measurements.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.3913-3923
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• 2023

Todays, medium energy resolution detectors are preferably used in radioisotope identification devices(RID) in nuclear and radioactive material categorization. However, there is still a need to develop or enhance « automated identifiers » for the useful RID algorithms. To decide whether any material is SNM or NORM, a key parameter is the better energy resolution of the detector. Although masking, shielding and gain shift/stabilization and other affecting parameters on site are also important for successful operations, the suitability of the RID algorithm is also a critical point to enhance the identification reliability while extracting the features from the spectral analysis. In this study, a RID algorithm based on Bayesian statistical method has been modified for medium energy resolution detectors and applied to the uranium gamma-ray spectra taken by a LaBr3:Ce detector. The present Bayesian RID algorithm covers up to 2000 keV energy range. It uses the peak centroids, the peak areas from the measured gamma-ray spectra. The extraction features are derived from the peak-based Bayesian classifiers to estimate a posterior probability for each isotope in the ANSI library. The program operations were tested under a MATLAB platform. The present peak based Bayesian RID algorithm was validated by using single isotopes(²⁴¹Am, ⁵⁷Co, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁵⁴Mn, ⁶⁰Co), and then applied to five standard nuclear materials(0.32-4.51% at.²³⁵U), as well as natural U- and Th-ores. The ID performance of the RID algorithm was quantified in terms of F-score for each isotope. The posterior probability is calculated to be 54.5-74.4% for ²³⁸U and 4.7-10.5% for ²³⁵U in EC-NRM171 uranium materials. For the case of the more complex gamma-ray spectra from CRMs, the total scoring (ST) method was preferred for its ID performance evaluation. It was shown that the present peak based Bayesian RID algorithm can be applied to identify ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U isotopes in LEU or natural U-Th samples if a medium energy resolution detector is was in the measurements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.30-41
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• 2001

Rapid economic development and industrialization has been accompanied by an increase of energy demand and environmental pollution. The consumption of gasoline has increased totally, but decreased in use of leaded gasoline after 1988 in Korea. On the other hand, risk assessment of environmental pollutants requires reliable dose estimates. Source oriented monitoring is not providing adequate information to estimate human exposure. The Health Surveillance Project has been launched in Korea from 1980, which questioned their symptoms based on questionnaires and medical examinations for inhabitants in the vicinity of 13 industrial areas and 2 non-industrial areas. 10, 598 inhabitants living in these 15 areas had medical checkups and donated their blood f3r heavy metal analysis from 1980 to 2000 through this project. Especially lead levels in inhabitants' blood of these areas were determined and monitored. Totally 4, 967 samples in target areas were used to review the trend of blood lead level in this paper. Average lead concentrations by areas were from 15.2 to 21.0 ug/dl in 1981 and 22.3 to 34.3 ug/dl in 1988, but were 8.8 to 11.1 ug/dl in 1992 and 4.4 to 4.8 ug/dl in 1995. On the other hand, the consumption of leaded gasoline was at a peak in 1958. Blood lead level showed a very close relationship with the consumption of leaded gasoline in the change pattern(p<0.01) and showed a rapid declining trend since the use of unleaded gasoline, especially from 1988 when Seoul held the olympic games. For example, the blood lead levels were 15.2 ug/dl in 1981, 20.2 ug/dl in 1955. 24.3 ug/dl in 1988 and 3.9 ug/dl in 1993 in Yochon area. China also had monitored blood lead levels of general population. 7, 015 inhabitants living in 28 areas donated their blood far heavy metal analysis from 1981 to 1988. Average lead concentrations by areas were from 5.1 to 5.6 ug/dl before. 1984 but were form 2.8 to 11.2 ug/dl after 1984. Average lead concentration in blood showed increasing trends clearly in most of the areas. The recent policy of unleaded gasoline use for automobile will be a very beneficial policy for the management of atmospheric lead pollution & health risk assessment for the general population in China. It is recommended that it should be propelled more widely and rapidly to the entire country.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2001

Purpose: The purposes of this study are to evaluate normal MR spectroscopy (MRS) data of the cerebellum and pons, and to evaluate intra-unit and inter-unit differences of the results. Materials and methods: Nine normal volunteers (mean age 23 years) were studied with two 1.5 Tesla MR units (A and B units). A total of four sessions of MRS study were performed with two sessions in ea.ch MR unit in each volunteer. In each session, MRS data were obtained from bilateral cerebellar hemisphere and pons. MRS was performed using spin-echo single voxel technique with repetition time of 2000 ms, echo time of 288ms and 128 averagings. Voxel size was $2{\;}{\times}{\;}2{\;}{\times}{\;}1.5{\;}cm$ in the cerebellum and $1.5{\;}{\times}{\;}1.5{\;}{\times}{\;}1.5{\;}cm$ in the pons. Metabolite ratios of NAA/Cho, NAAcCr, NAAc(Cho+Cr) and Cr/Cho (both peak heights and the peak areas) were compared among the results of four sessions of MRS for evaluation of intra-unit and inter-unit differences. Results: In the cerebellum, mean (SO values of peak height NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, NAA/(Cho+Cr) and Cr/Cho ratios obtained in the first session of A unit were $1.08{\pm}O.16,{\;}1.44{\pm}O.286,{\;}0.61{\pm}O.09{\;}and{\;}O.76{\pm}0.13$, respectively. Comparing with the results of the second session, intra-unit differences were 3-7%. In B unit intra-unit differences were 1-9%, except for 22% of Cr/Cho ratio. Inter-unit differences between A and B units were 1-26%. In the pons, mean ISD values of peak height NANCho, NANCr, NANICho + Cr) and Cr/Cho ratios obtained in the first session of A unit were $1.51{\pm}O.35,{\;}3.35{\pm}O.78,{\;}1.02{\pm}0.16{\;}and{\;}0.47{\pm}O.14$, respectively. Mean NAAfCho, NANCr and NAAI(Cho+ Cr} ratios of the pons were significantly higher than those of the cerebellum. Intra-unit differences were 2-21 % in A unit and 4-18 % in B unit. Inter-unit differences between A and B units were 1-18%. The mean values obtained by using peak area were generally higher and wider in range than those of peak height in both units. Conclusion: Mean NAAfCho, NAAlCr and NAAf(Cho+Cr) ratios of the cerebellum were significanHy lower than those of the pons. Intra-unit differences of most metabolites ratios were generally not significant, whereas inter-unit differences were greater than intra-unit differences in more metabolite ratios. Therefore, normal MRS data of the cerebellum and the pons should be obtained in every MR unit, before MRS applications in the diseases of the cerebellum and the pons.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6391-6396
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• 2015

Background: To analyze cervical cancer mortality trends in China from 1991-2013 and forecast the mortality distribution in future five years (2014-2018), and provide clues for prevention and treatment. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for cervical cancer in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics and distribution, including the trend of the standardized mortality rate, urban-rural differences, and age variation. Trend-surface analysis was used to analyze the geographical distribution of mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were performed to predict and forecast mortality trends. Results: In recent years, the mortality rate of cervical cancer has increased, and there is also a steady increase in the incidence from 2003 to 2013 in China. Mortality rates in rural areas are higher than in urban areas. The mortality dramatically increases in the 40+ yr age group, reaching a peak in the >85 yr age group. In addition, geographical analysis showed that the cervical cancer mortality increased from the southwest to west-central and from the southeast to northeast of the country. Conclusions: The incidence rate and the mortality rate are increasing from 1991 to 2013, and the predictions show this will continue in the future. Thus, implementation of prevention and management programs for cervical cancer are necessary in China, especially for rural areas, young women in urban areas, and high risk regions (the west-central).

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.584-594
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• 2005

The spatio-temporal abundance pattern of algae in Lake Paldang from 2002 to 2004 was investigated. The concentration of chlorophyll a representing algal biomass had fluctuated intensively throughout the year. Among three years, the highest algal biomass was shown in 2002, and typical growth peak of concentration of chlorophyll a was occurred in spring and autumn. There had been frequent rainfall in spring drought period in 2003 and it resulted in the decrease of the algal biomass. The distribution pattern of four algal groups on the surface water of Lake Paldang showed different abundance by season and by water area. In particular, different algal growth characteristics by water areas were observed. Influences of various environmental parameters on algal abundance in four water areas of Lake Paldang were analyzed statistically. From the results of Peason correlation analysis, it was understood that the kinds and affects of environmental parameters were different according to water areas and seasons. Based on the factors analysis of environmental parameters on the concentration of chlorophyll a, stepwise regression models whose independent variables were the factors produced by factor analysis and dependent variable was the concentration of chlorophyll a were derived by water areas and seasons. As a whole, factors related with organics and photosynthesis were revealed to have high affects to algal abundance, whereas limiting nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen showed little affect in Lake Paldang.

• Atmosphere
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2011

In this study, we have analyzed the radiative characteristics of erythemal ultraviolet-B (EUV-B from 1999 to 2005) over the Korean Peninsula. EUV-B measured at Gangneung, Anmyondo, Mokpo, and Gosan represents the measurements from clean areas and that at Seoul represents from a polluted area. The magnitudes of EUV-B increase in proportion to the latitudinal decrease. Monthly mean variation of EUV-B at noon shows the maximum value of $158.5mWm^{-2}$ in August and the minimum value of $36.4mWm^{-2}$ in December in the clean areas. Seasonal mean diurnal variation of EUV-B shows a peak around noon (12:00 ~ 13:00 hr) and its intensity varies along with a season in order of summer > spring > fall > winter. The maximum value of $56.4mWm^{-2}$ in summer is three times higher than that in winter ($14.3mWm^{-2}$). The value of EUV-B in the polluted area is lower than that in the clean areas, resulting from the effects of the blocking, reflection, and scattering of EUV-B due to high concentrations of PM10. UV-B is an essential element to synthesize vitamin D in human body. 200 IU(International Unite) of vitamin D can be formed by an exposure of 6-10% of body surface area to 0.5 MED(Minimal Erythemal Dose). In order to form vitamin D, the calculated exposure times to EUV-B are 15 min. in spring, 12 min. in summer, 18 min. in fall, and 37 min. in winter for the clean areas and 16, 16, 24, and 37 min. for the polluted area.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.460-462
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• 2002

Absorption spectra of biological specimens in the soft X-ray region have been presented with special reference to the XANES (X-ray absorption Near Edge Structure) of constituent elements. Absorption spectrum in this wavelength region is characterized by the absorption edges from which elemental content could be derived. In addition, XANES has a characteristic profile for chemical environment around the element such as chemical bond. Using the specific absorption peak we can assign not only the chemical bond but also molecules having such a chemical bond. In the present paper, absorption spectrum of DNA was measured in the wavelength range from 1.5nm to 5nm. Spectrum of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells was compared with the DNA spectrum. XANES were distinct at the K absorption edges of major elements, C, N and O. In the spectrum of the cells prominent peaks at the L absorption edge of minor element Ca were also detectable. XANES profiles in small local areas in a cell could also be measured in combination with X-ray microscopy. These give information about local chemical environment in a cell. XANES at the phosphorus K absorption edge in a human HeLa cell was successfully obtained corresponding to a sharp and intensive XANES peak of DNA.