• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

A new position correction method using four fiducials as reference points was developed and examined. It was aimed to calibrate nonlinear deformation by numerous error sources. A correlation for correction was derived from the geometric relationship between four fiducials and chip position. Compared with three points method, it exhibited more accurate correction, especially for inner area of a quadrilateral composed of four fiducial points. Its accuracy was found to be increased as fiducials moves outwardly within a printed circuit board (PCB) and/or as they form more rectangle-like shape As for arbitrarily nonlinear deformation, this method can be applied using more than five fiducials. In this case, local-area calibration is carried out by sectioning a board area into several rectangular are as.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.7-15
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• 1994

Dietary life of Korean population was greatly improved by the increased food production, enlarged food processing and betterment of food distribution system during the last three decades. On the other hand, food pollution issues have arisen from the increased use of chemicals and advancements in analytical techniques and toxicological information. The health risk of hazardous substances in Korean diet was estimated to be in the decreasing order of heavy metals>pesticide residues>food additives>mycotoxins>radionuclides>PCBs whereas consumers do not recognize it in the same order. It is needed to evaluate the food safety more accurately based on scientific evidences and to adopt reasonable regulatory measures in Korea for the benefits of people's health and national interest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.193-198
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• 2000

PCBs를 분해하는 bphABC유전자를 plasmid vactor pMFB2에 유전자조작한 Pseudomonas putida AC30(pMFB2)를 PCBs에 오염된 연안해역의 해수와 저니로 만든 microcosm에 도입한 결과, 각각 도입 4일과 7일만에 사멸하였다. 그러나, 도입한 P. putida AC30(pMFB2)는 사멸하였지만, 연안해수와 저니 microcosm에서 plasmid pMFB2가 전이한 토착미생물이 검출되었다. 도입한 P. putida AC30(pMFB2)의 생잔실패의 원인을 분석한 결과 공경 0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$의 filter를 통과하는 물질과 생물이 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유전자조작 P. putida AC30(pMFB2)의 도입과 bphABC유전자의 토착미생물로의 전이에 따른 토착미생물군집에 미치는 영향을 개체수 변동으로 조사한 결과, 토착미생물 군집에 미치는 영향은 보이지 않았다. P. putida AC30(pMFB2)의 도입에 의한 PCBs의 생분해성을 분석하였다. 그러나, 도입한 유전자조작 균주가 생잔에 실패함으로써 잔류하고 있는 PCBs의 농도변화는 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

In this paper, we consider a planning problem arising from printed circuit board manufacturing industries. Given a set of several types of PCBs, component feeders and surface mounting machines in series in a PCB assembly line, the problem is to define the feeder allocation and job sequence with the objective of minimizing the total operation time of the line. We formulate the problem as a mathematical model. And, the problem is proven to be NP-hard, so a genetic algorithm is developed. Finally, we give test results to evaluate the performance of the genetic algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.31A no.6
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• pp.199-208
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• 1994

This paper proposes a delay fault test technique for ICs and PCBs with the boundary-scan architectures supporting ANSI/IEEE Std 1149.1-1990. The hybrid delay fault model, which comprises both of gate delay faults and path delay faults, is selected. We developed a procedure for testing delay faults in the circuits with typical boundary scan cells supporting the standard. Analyzing it,we concluded that it is impractical because the test clock must be 2.5 times faster than the system clock with the cell architect-ures following up the state transition of the TAP controller and test instruction set. We modified the boundary-scan cell and developed test instructions and the test procedure. The modified cell and the procedure need test clock two times slower than the system clock and support the ANSI/IEEE standard perfectly. A 4-bit ALU is selected for the circuits under test. and delay tests are simulated by the SILOS simulator. The simulation results ascertain the accurate operation and effectiveeness of the modified mechanism.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.755-759
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• 2010

Each four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was reacted with OH radical at $1.5{\AA}$ distance by CAChe MOPAC 2000 program. These results were compared to those reported experimental results. Reaction positions of all four PAHs corresponded with predicted positions in which ${\Delta}$E(HOMO-LUMO) was approximately 4.7. Finally oxygen of OH radical combined with PAH and quinone form of products were produced. These results indicate that the proposed determining the ${\Delta}$E(HOMO-LUMO) can be effectively applied to predict reaction position of recalcitrant compounds such as dioxins, PCBs, POPs, and etc.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.3692-3695
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• 2011

Poly(N,N'-Dichloro-N-ethyl-benzene-1,3-disulfonamide) (PCBS) and N,N,N',N'-Tetrachlorobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide (TCBDA) were found to be a mild and efficient reagent for the direct oxidative conversion of sulfur compounds to the corresponding arenesulfonyl chlorides in good to excellent yields through the oxidative chlorination. The overall process is simple, practical, and it provides convenient access to a variety of aryl or heteroarylsulfonyl chlorides. The mild reaction conditions and the broad substrate scope render this method attractive, and complementary to existing syntheses of aryl or heteroarylsulfonyl chlorides.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.259-274
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• 2009

Printed circuit boards for RAM are widely used in modern electronics such as computers, artificial satellites and consumer durables. They are exposed to a very diverse environment and consists of many complicated components and therefore needs careful approach to the enhancement and assessment of reliability of the item. In this article reliability standards for PCBs for RAM are established in terms of quality certification tests and failure rate tests.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2020

In a typical initial setup of a PCB component inspection system, operators should manually input various information such as category, position, and inspection area for each component to be inspected, thus causing much inconvenience and longer setup time. Although there are many deep learning based object detectors, RetinaNet is regarded as one of best object detectors currently available. In this paper, a method using an extended RetinaNet is proposed that automatically detects its component category and position for each component mounted on PCBs from a high-resolution color input image. We extended the basic RetinaNet feature pyramid network by adding a feature pyramid layer having higher spatial resolution to the basic feature pyramid. It was demonstrated by experiments that the extended RetinaNet can detect successfully very small components that could be missed by the basic RetinaNet. Using the proposed method could enable automatic generation of inspection areas, thus considerably reducing the setup time of PCB component inspection systems.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2006

This paper presents a new power plane design method incorporating a single geometry derived from a unit cell of photonic bandgap(PBG) structure. This method yields constantly wide suppression of parallel plate resonances from 0.9 GHz to 4.2 GHz and is very efficient to eliminate PCB resonances in a specified frequency region to provide effective suppression of simultaneous switching noise(SSN). It is shown that with only two cells the propagation of unwanted high frequency signals is effectively suppressed, while it could provide continuous return signal path. The measured results agree very well with theoretically predicted ones, and confirm that proposed method is effective for reducing EMI, with measured near-field distribution. The proposed topology is suitable for design of high speed digital system.