• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.529-536
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• 2005

Measurement of toxicologically relevant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners such as non-ortho(IUPAC#) 77, 81, 126, 169 and mono-ortho 105, 114, 118, 123, 156, 157, 189 and di-ortho 170, 180 and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) such as 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 138, 153, 154 in environmental samples become almost mandatory in several countries now. However, most of the available methods involve expensive instrumentations such as HRGC-HRMS or ECNI-LRMS, apart from expensive extraction and clean-up (with large volume of solvents) steps. A method has been devised combining the analytical separation power of PYE [2-(1-pyrenyl)ethyldimethysilylated silica] column HPLC and high-resolution gas chromatographic techniques including micro-electron capture detection (ECD) and two dimensional gas chromatograpy-ECD techniques to determine these eco-toxic substances at parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels. This combination resolves co-elution of congeners that occur in disproportionate ratios (e.g. CB-110 and -77) and allows accurate congener-specific determination of target compounds. This method is cost effective as it requires only hexane, that in small quantities (10 mL) and GC-ECD. The elution and analysis time are optimized to less man hours. This method is effectively utilized in the analysis of co-planar PCBs and PBDEs from archived solvent extracts of samples previously analyzed for pesticides and PCBs. Structure based separation of contaminant classes improves GCECD determination at ppt levels.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.611-617
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• 1996

The effects of nutritional sources on growth of Pseudomonas sp. P2 were investigated in medium containing biphentyl as a carbon source. To determine characterization of Pseudomonas sp. P2, the incubation time was determined to 100 h of the log phase in the growth curve. The optimal compositions for the growth of Pseudomonas sp. P2 degrading polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were 1000 mg/L $NH_4NO_3$, 1000mg/L KH_2PO_4$, 100mg/L MgSO_4$.$7H_2O$, 30mg/L $CaCl_2$.$2H_2O$, 200mg/L NaCl, and 10mg/L $FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$. Pseudomonas sp. P2 showed the degradability of 59.3%, 57.6%, 51.4%, and 48.7% at 500mg/L, 1000mg/L, 1500mg/L, and 2000mg/L of the PCBs within insulating oil after 100 h incubation under the optimum conditions, respectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.278-283
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• 2010

This study was performed to compare the analytical results among L2000DX and two GC/ECD methods (rapid and conventional). 15 samples of transformer oils were collected to compare the analytical results. In the analytical results of PCBs-containing transformer oil, the PCBs concentrations were in the range of 4.4 mg/L to 182.8 mg/L with L2000DX, N.D. to 14.63 mg/L with conventional GC/ECD, and N.D. to 13.03 mg/L using rapid GC/ECD. The PCB concentrations detected with the L2000DX showed a large difference to those detected with GC/ECD methods. Otherwise, little difference was shown between the two GC/ECD methods at a concentration range lower than 4 mg/L, although the rapid GC/ECD method tended to detect a slightly lower concentration near the regulation criteria of Korea for 2 mg/L.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.208-216
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate levels of POPs in soil by land use and identify congener profiles of PCBs, PCDD/Fs in soil in Korea. Heptachlor, Aldrin, Endrin, Mirex, Toxaphene were not found in all areas. The concentrations of Diedrin, Chlordane, ${\Sigma}$DDT, HCB in soil samples were in ranged from N.D. to 12.08 ${\mu}g$/kg, from N.D. to 16.08 ${\mu}g$/kg, from N.D. to 38.19 ${\mu}g$/kg and from N.D. to 1.32 ${\mu}g$/kg. In case of PCBs, concentration were in ranged from N.D. to 172.12 ${\mu}g$/kg, and PCBs contaminated area was higher than other areas. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs were in ranged from 0 to 6.68 pg I-TEQ/g. In addition, the ${\Sigma}$PCDFs concentration in the industry area soil was higher than ${\Sigma}$PCDDs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1078-1085
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• 2010

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are bioaccumulative chemicals that are considered to be toxic contaminants based on several epidemiological studies. These chemicals in colostrum were investigated and estimated for their residual consistencies by maternal characteristics like parity and maternal ages. Test subjects were healthy primipara and multipara mothers with a mean age of 31.5 (S.D=3.6) in 2007. Seven isomers of PCDDs, 10 of PCDFs, 4 of non-orthopolychlorinated biphenyls(non-ortho PCBs) and 8 of mono-orthochlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (mono-ortho PCBs) were analyzed by HRGC/HRMS. From the analyzed data, the mean level of total WHO-TEQs was 9.41 pg TEQ/g lipid, which is significantly lower than the level found in individuals from other countries. The main contributors to the total WHO-TEQs with increasing percentages were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 3,3',4,4',5-PCB (#126), and they accounted for more than 60% of the total WHO-TEQs. PCDFs concentrations and total WHO-TEQs were negatively associated with parity (p<0.05), and maternal age was positively associated with total WHO-TEQs (p<0.01). However, the associations with body mass index (BMI) and fish intake during pregnancy were not significant. These results were suggested that parity and maternal age are an important factor affecting the concentrations of PCDD/DFs and dl-PCBs in these specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.32-38
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• 2015

In this paper, we analyzed the vehicle fire accidents due to damage of vehicle's electrical components, which is applied to a vehicle. In recent development of electrical components technology, approximately 40% of vehicle manufacturing parts have applied electronic circuit technology. Phenomenon such deterioration of insulating performance or electric breakdown on the vehicle's electrical components and printed circuit boards(PCBs) resulted from moisture, contamination and aging due to repetitive operations, lead to the vehicle fire. Therefore, the application of electrical components with adequate electric capacity for vehicle and usage of molding techniques using a non-combustible materials to shut off the oxygen should be applied in order to prevent vehicle fire due to damage of the electrical components and PCBs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.136-138
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• 2008

PCBs는 잔류성유기오염물질(POPs) 중 하나로 변압기 절연유 등에 주로 사용되어 왔으나 환경 및 인체유해성이 밝혀짐에 따라 생산 및 사용이 금지된 물질로써 국내에서는 절연유 중 PCBs 분석이 전력산업과 변압기 절연유의 재활용 및 처리 분야에서 매우 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 그러나 현행 폐기물공정시험방법은 분석절차가 까다롭고 고가의 분석비용이 소모되며 고도로 훈련된 분석인력이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보다 저렴한 비용으로 신속하게 PCB를 분석할 수 있는 간이 분석법을 개발하고자 하였다. 현행 폐기물공정시험방법에 대한 기술적 검토를 수행하여 복잡한 전처리 절차를 축소하고 번거로운 정성 및 정량작업을 간소화한 결과, 분석비용은 약 1/2, 분석시간은 약 1/3로 줄일 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 간이 분석법을 현행 공정시험법과 적절히 병행하여 사용 할 경우 폐 변압기의 신속한 분석이 가능하여 분석비용 절감에 따른 큰 경제적 효과가 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.193-204
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• 2002

To investigate the relationships between the atmospheric concentrations of PCBs and temperature, quantity of both parameters was performed at an urban site in Korea from July 1999 to January 2000. The strength of correlations between total PCB and temperature was found to be significant (r = 0.752, p < 0.001). It hence indicates that total PCB contents were affected sensitively by temperature change during the sampling period. The ratio of PCB homologs and Deca-CB(PCB 209) also behaved quite similarly to the change of temperature (r>0.60, p<0.05). This may be inferable with the progress of the gas/particle partitioning to the gas phase, especially for fri-and tetra-CBs. Because they have high vapor pressure, they generally exist in the gas phase. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation was applied to the atmospheric PCB data, relating PCB partial vapor pressure to inverse temperature. This may essentially represent the temperature-controlled transition between condensed phase and atmospheric gas phase. The slopes of the resulting plot with International Council for the Explanation of the Seas (ICES) congener ranged from -2810 to -5887, with significantly steep slope and $R^2$(p< 0.005) It was inferred that the PCB atmospheric concentration was also affected by change in the surrounding conditions such as soil, lakes and trees.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.249-258
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• 2008

Historical emission data for 11 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and a regional multimedia environmental model, CoZMo-POP 2, were used to predict air concentrations and congener patterns in Korea. The total emission value for South Korea was allocated to sub-provinces and cities based on their population. The spatial distribution of PCB emissions was generally correlated with that of measured atmospheric levels, suggesting that population could be a good surrogate for the intensity of PCB emission in Korea. The simulated time trends of air concentrations well reflected those of emission with a peak in the mid-1970s and insignificant levels in the 2030s. The model predicted that the contribution of volatile PCBs had increased after emission reduction iii the 1970s. This trend would continue until the early 2030s. The measured and modeled PCB levels in the 2000s were in an agreement of an order of magnitude, and their congener patterns were very similar. Consequently, despite of high uncertainty for emission estimates, the emission data for Korea used in this study is considered to be reliable. The results of this study could be compared with simulation data based on a new emission inventory to be developed by measurements in the near future.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution of non-ortho and mono-ortho PCB congeners and homologues in adipose tissues and sera of women with breast cancer. The collected samples were 25 adipose tissues and 33 sera from women with breast cancer. The samples from the control group were 49 adipose tissues and 52 sera. The levels of three non-ortho and eight mono-ortho PCBs identified in adipose tissue and serum samples were determined by GC/MSD and GC/ECD analyses. Non-ortho and mono-ortho PCB congeners were more dominant in the control group than in the case group for serum samples. The Tetra-PCB and the Hexa-, Hepta-PCB were more dominant in tale and control groups, respectively. The level of PCB homologues in normal women was similar to that of the normal human milk samples. However, the levels of PCB homologues from breast cancer patients were almost same the level of sample from environment. As a result of this study, it is suggested that breast cancer could be related to environmental factors such as PCB level in stack gas and soil sample. More extended research should be to verify this result.