• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to investigate the progress of obesity in women from childhood to adulthood and to analyze the characteristics of obese figures through comparing their body proportions to normal-weight people, to provide a basic reference for development of new size categories and improved pattern grading. Body measurement was made on 6,704 women age between 7-39 in Sizekorea 2004 database. The age range was divided into three groups: children(7-12), teenagers(13-18) and adults(19-39). The result of research into the characteristics of body proportions of obese figures and the classification of different figure groups of obese people are as follows: The ratio between width and circumference for each part of the body was investigated according to body weight which was grouped into three different weights of low, normal and obese body weights. And the result demonstrated that in all the ranges of age, the obese groups had the lowest ratio between width and circumference, having a thick body shape. And according to the result of comparing the ratio of the circumference of each body part divided by the waist circumference, the obese group also showed a low ratio, indicating that they have bigger waist circumference than any other body parts. By analyzing the ratio of circumference of body parts divided by waist circumference, three factors were identified as contributing to obesity. Using the factor loadings of the upper, distal and lower body obesity, a cluster analysis was carried out and three different categories of obesity were defined; abdominal obesity, distal obesity and proximal obesity.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2013

마이크로 가스터빈용 하이브리드/이중 선회 제트 연소기의 형상 최적화에 대한 실험연구가 수행되었다. 고정된 열부하에서 pilot 버너의 위치 및 선회기 베인의 방향이 주요 변수로 검토되었다. 주요 결과로서, pilot 버너 및 연료 노즐의 위치변화는 버너 출구 근처의 최소 유동면적 및 재순환 유동패턴의 변화를 발생시키며, 이로 인하여 선회강도 및 화염형상이 큰 영향을 받게 된다. 선회기 베인 각도의 증가($30^{\circ}$에서 $45^{\circ}$)는 희박가연한계 근처에서 CO 배출량을 크게 저감시킨다. 추가로 정방향 선회형상이 역방향 선회형상에 비해 보다 낮은 CO 및 NOx 배출량을 갖게 됨을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.227-248
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• 2015

A CFPBS (Cone-type Friction Pendulum Bearing System) was developed to control the acceleration delivered to a structure to prevent the damage and degradation of critical communication equipment during earthquakes. This study evaluated the isolation performance of the CFPBS by numerical analysis. The CFPBS was manufactured in the shape of a cone differenced with the existing FPS (Friction Pendulum System), and a pattern was engraved on the friction surface. The natural frequencies of the CFPBS were evaluated from a free-vibration test with a seismic isolator system consisting of 4 CFPBS. To confirm the earthquake-resistant performance, a numerical analysis program was prepared using the equation of the CFPBS induced from the equations of motion. The equation reported by Tsai for the rolling-type seismic isolation bearings was proposed to design the equation of the CFPBS. Artificial seismic waves that satisfy the maximum earthquake scale of the Korean Building Code-Structural (KBC-2005) were created and verified to review the earthquake-resistant performance of the CFPBS by numerical analysis. The superstructural mass of the CFPBS and the skew angle of friction surface were considered for numerical analysis with El Centro NS, Kobe NS and artificial seismic waves. The CFPBS isolation performance evaluation was based on the numerical analysis results, and comparative analysis was performed between the results from numerical analysis and simplified theoretical equation under the same conditions. The validity of numerical analysis was verified from the shaking table test.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.309-333
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• 2006

한국산 향유속 분류군의 분류학적 개정을 위해 영양기관과 생식기관 형질 [외부형태학, 미세형태학, 해부학(엽신, 엽병, 줄기), 화분, 소견과]의 상세한 비교연구를 수행하였다. 한국산 향유속의 화서는 원통형으로 배열되는 분류군도 있으나 대개 꽃이 한쪽으로 치우쳐서 배열하고, 길이는 0.5-10 cm이다. 잎은 난형 혹은 선형으로 길이는 0.2-10 cm이고, 너비는 0.2-6 cm이다. 화서와 잎의 종마다 다른 크기와 모양 등은 종간 구별에 유용한 형질로 나타났다. 식물체의 잎과 포에는 불규칙형(anomocytic)과 교차형(diacytic)의 기공복합체가 관찰되었으며, 소견과의 형태는 난형으로 표면무늬는 다공형이고, 과피는 모두 점액성과피(myxocarpy)의 특징을 가졌다. 화분의 크기는 대부분 중립, 모양은 아장구형, 발아구는 6구형이고, 표면무늬는 전형적인 이중 망상형(bireticulate)이었다. 한국산 향유속 식물에 대한 분류학적 개정을 하였다. 4개의 종이 구별되었고, 각 분류군의 기재문과 검색표를 제시하였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to accurately analyze the radiographic characteristics of dentigerous cyst (DC) with multiplanar images of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods : Thirty eight radiographically and histopathologically proven cases of DCs were analyzed with panoramic radiograph and CBCT, retrospectively. The radiographic CT pattern, symmetry of radiolucency around the unerupted tooth crown, ratio of long length to short length, degree of cortical bone alternation, effects on adjacent tooth, and cyst size were analyzed. Relative frequencies of these radiographic features were evaluated. In order to compare the CBCT features of DC with those of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), 9 cases of OKCs were analyzed with the same method radiographically. Results : DCs consisted of thirty unilocular cases (79.0%), seven lobulated cases (18.4%) and one multilocular case (2.6%). Eight were asymmetric (21.0%) and thirty were symmetric (79.0%). Maxillary DC showed rounder shape than mandibular DC (L/S ratio; maxilla 1.32, mandible 1.67). Alternations of lingual cortical bone (14 cases, 48.2%) were more frequent than those of buccal side (7 cases, 24.1%). CBCT images of DC showed definite root resorption and bucco-lingual tooth displacement. These findings were hardly observed on panoramic radiographs of DCs. Comparison of CBCT features of DC with those of OKC showed several different features. Conclusions : CBCT images of DC showed various characteristic radiographic features. Therefore, CBCT can be helpful for the diagnosis of DC radiographically.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2019

모바일 기기로 사용되는 전자기판은 여러 가지 다양한 재료로 구성되어 있으며, 제조시나 사용 환경에서 온도가 변하면 각 재료의 열팽창 계수의 차이로 인하여 변형과 응력집중이 발생하게 된다. 그림자 무아레 방법은 비접촉으로 전체 영역에 걸친 면외변위를 측정하는 광학적 방법이지만 고감도 적용을 위해서는 탈봇 현상의 극복이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 그림자 무아레 기법에서 발생하는 탈봇 현상을 극복하기 위하여 다양한 파장의 LED 광원을 이용하고, 파장의 변화가 탈봇 거리에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 위상 이동법을 이용함으로써 10 ㎛/fringe 이내의 측정 감도를 확보할 수 있는 실험방법을 제안하고 이를 평가하였으며, 이 방법을 모바일 회로 기판의 열변형 측정에 적용하였다. 백색광을 사용한 경우에서는 탈봇 현상으로 인하여 측정이 불가능한 영역이 여러 군데 존재하였으나, 파란색 LED 광을 사용한 경우에는 대부분의 영역에서 감도 6.25 ㎛/fringe의 정밀한 무아레 무늬를 얻어낼 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.95-107
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• 1986

Seasonal changes in pool size, inflow rates in biomass and phosphorus, and the efficiency of phosphorus use in the stand of three populations (Helianthus tuberosus, Artemisia princeps and Phalaris arundinacea) in the basin of the Mt. Geumoh were investigated. During the early growing period, in the three species populations the relative size of the phosphorus pool of population was larger then that of its biomass pool, but that of the phosphorus pool of belowground part decreased more rapidly than that of its biomass pool. In the A. princeps and P. arundinacea populations, the phosphorus inflow rate was markedly high during the soil thaw in early spring and its seasonal change pattern was different from that of the biomass production rate, showing two peaks in March and June. But in the H. tuberosus population, the two seasonal change patterns were alike. The annual biomass production was 2283 gDM m-2 in the H. tuberosus, 1884 m-2 in the A. princeps and 1879 gDM m-2 in the P. arundinacea population, and the annual phosphorus inflow was 11.35, 9.63 and 7.60 gP m-2, respectively. The P. arundinacea population showed the smallest LAI peak(5.4 in early June), and the largest NAR peak (36.9 gDM m-2wk-1) RGR peak (0.15g g-1 wk-1) among the three species populations. The seasonal change patterns in whole plant EPU of the three species populations showed the bell shape, but the annual EPU values among them were markedly different. It was noticed that the population with the highest RGR showed the highest EPU among the three species populations while the population with the lowest RGR showed the lowest EPU among them.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 170 dB 수준의 충격 소음원에서 주파수별 귀마개의 차음성능을 확인하고, 주파수 특성과 패턴 형상을 분석하는데 있다. 충격 소음에서의 Combat Arm Earplug와 3M Form types 1100 Earplug의 주파수별 귀마개 차음성능을 산출하였다. 차음성능을 확인하기 위해서 B&K Head and Torso Simulator와 Ear Simulator를 제작하여 충격 소음원의 주파수별로 차음성능을 비교하였다. 기존의 연구들은 충격 소음원이라 할지라도 대부분 140 dB 수준의 고충격 소음원이였으나, 본 연구는 그보다 더 높은 수준의 충격 소음원이라는 특징을 가지고 있다. 연구결과, 주파수별 충격소음의 차음효과는 평균 28.58 dB 인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.361-382
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• 1997

The effect of fluoride pretreatment upon root resorption after delayed replantation was studied in beagle dogs. Upper and lower incisors were extracted and bench dried for 45 minutes. 1% Stannous fluoride solution, 2% neutral sodium fluoride gel and 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel were used for the pre-treatment of replanted root surface in the experimental groups. Replantation was done with no treatment in control group. After of an experimental periods 3 weeks, animals were sacrificed by perfusion followed by sample preparation. A histomorphometric method was applied for evaluation of tissue reactions observed in each group under light microscope. Scanning electron microscopic observation was done to find out any different surface topography between groups. The results were as follows: 1. Fluoride-treated groups showed in general the better healing patterns than untreated control group. 2. Comparisons between three experimental groups revealed the general superiority of APF-treated group over the other groups in terms of tissue healing reaction by showing the highest frequency in uncomplicated healing pattern and surface resorption and the lowest in inflammatory resorption, but with no statistical significance(p>.05). 3. Scanning elecron micrographs showed the irregular distribution of resorption cavities and the attached bone of variable size and shape in all groups. 4. It can be concluded that the types of fluoride did not have significant impact on the early tissue reactions after delayed replantation under the condition of the present experiment.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2005

We developed alginate beads loaded with transforming growth $factor-{\beta}_{1}(TGF-{\beta}_{1})$ to examine the possible application of the scaffold and cytokine carrier in tissue engineering. In this study, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and $TGF{\beta}_{1}$ were uniformly encapsulated in the alginate beads and then cultured in vitro. The cell morphology and shape of the alginate beads were observed using inverted microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), histological staining and RT-PCR to confirm chondrogenic differentiation. The amount of the $TGF{\beta}_{1}$ released from the $TGF-{\beta}_{1}$ loaded alginate beads was analyzed for 28 days in vitro in a phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) at $37^{\circ}C$. We observed the release profile of $TGF-{\beta}_{1}$ from $TGF-{\beta}_{1}$ loaded alginate beads with a sustained release pattern for 35 days. Microscopic observation showed the open cell pore structure and abundant cells with a round morphology in the alginate beads. In addition, histology and RT-PCR results revealed the evidence of chondrogenic differentiation in the beads. In conclusion, these results confirmed that $TGF-{\beta}_{1}$ loaded alginate beads provide excellent conditions for chondrogenic differentiation.