• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2006

From its initial colonization to causation of disease, Streptococcus pneumoniae has evolved strategies to cope with a number of stressful in vivo environmental conditions. In order to analyze a global view of this organism's response to heat shock, we established a 2-D electrophoresis proteome map of the S. pneumoniae D39 soluble proteins under in vitro culture conditions and performed the comparative proteome analysis to a 37 to $42^{\circ}C$ temperature up-shift in S. pneumoniae. When the temperature of an exponentially growing S. pneumoniae D39 culture was raised to $42^{\circ}C$, the expression level of 25 proteins showed changes when compared to the control. Among these 25 proteins, 12 were identified by MALDI-TOF and LC-coupled ESI MS/MS. The identified proteins were shown to be involved in the general stress response, energy metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis pathways, and purine metabolism. These results provide clues for understanding the mechanism of adaptation to heat shock by S. pneumoniae and may facilitate the assessment of a possible role for these proteins in the physiology and pathogenesis of this pathogen.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 1992

본 연구는 비단잉어의 Aeromonas hydrophila에 대한 면역 반응 기구를 알기 위하여 균체항원 FKC와 HKC를 복강내에 주사하여 수온 차이별로 항체의 형성 과정과 방어력의 변화 정도를 조사하였다. 그리고 Hydrocortisone, Oxytetracycline, Chloramphenicol 및 Ascrobic acid를 항원 투여한 어체에 추가로 복강주사하여 이들 약물이 비단잉어의 면역 형성능에 미치는 영향을 조사 하고자 하였다. 수온 조건별로 살펴보면 $24^{\circ}C$ 실험구에서 FKC는 4주째, HKC는 3주째 가장 높은 응집 항체가를 나타내었고 면역 처리후 4주 및 8주째 공격 실험에서 상대 생존율은 FKC가 75~100%인 반면에 HKC는 50~60%로 나타나 $24^{\circ}C$ FKC 투여구가 비단잉어의 면역 반응에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. FKC를 투석한 후 상기 약물을 추가로 복강주사한 결과 3주째의 응집 항체가가 4~32로서 대조구의 128보다 낮았으며 또한, 4주 및 8주째 공격 실험 결과에서도 상대 생존율이 25~50%로 나타나 대조구의 75%보다 낮았으므로 비단잉어의 면역 반응에서 이들 약물은 투여 방법에 따라 면역 형성능의 저하 작용이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2009

The genomic and subgenomic RNAs of fish nodavirus encode the four proteins, protein A, capsid protein, non-structural protein B1 and B2. In this study, we describe the immune response of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus immunized with live fish nodavirus or recombinant capsid protein, non-structural protein B1 and B2 expressed in E. coli. Nodavirus-infected flounder produced antibodies to capsid protein, B1 and B2 and nodavirus-neutralizing activities were detected in the serum of the nodavirus-infected flounder. The flounder were immunized against the three recombinant proteins of fish nodavirus and the sera from these immunized fishes were assayed for nodavirus-specific antibody by ELISA and a neutralization test. In the immunized flounder, all three recombinant proteins induced the production of similar levels of antibody, but only the antibody to capsid protein significantly neutralized nodavirus. These results indicate that all three nodaviral proteins are immunogenic in flounder, but only the capsid protein can induce neutralizing antibody against nodavirus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2011

The induced resistance of cucumber leaves treated with oligochitosan to the infection of the cucumber powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that when the plants were treated with oligochitosan and challenged with inoculum, a significant decrease of the disease occurred. The mycelial development in the treated leaves was markedly inhibited. The cytoplasm of the powdery mildew mycelium was aggregated, with its organelles disintegrated and the cytoplasm collapsed. The protoplasm in haustoria became electron-dense. Haustoria became malformed, their organelles disintegrated, the hausterial wall thickened and eventually the whole complex necrotized. The host cells produced defence structures and materials associated with infection and a hypersensitive response. The host cell wall was thickened and deeply stained; several layers of papilla structure were produced under the cell wall; dark materials were deposited between the cell wall and plasmalemma; extrahaustorial plasmalemma was deeply stained and extrahaustorial matrix appositions had large deposits of electron-dense material; the cytoplasm was disordered, host organelles disintegrated and eventually the whole host cell disintegrated and necrotized.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Not all patients with COPD respond to available drugs. Identifying respondents to therapy is critical to delivering the most appropriate treatment and avoiding unnecessary medication. Recognition of individual patients' dominant characteristics by phenotype is a useful tool to better understand their disease and tailor treatment accordingly. To look for a suitable phenotype, it is important to understand what makes COPD complex and heterogeneous. The pathology of COPD includes small airway disease and/or emphysema. Thus, COPD is not a single disease entity. In addition, there are two types (panlobular and centrilobular) of emphysema in COPD. The coexistence of different pathological subtypes could be the reason for the complexity and heterogeneity of COPD. Thus, it is necessary to look for the phenotype based on the difference in the underlying pathology. Review of the literature has shown that clinical manifestation and therapeutic response to pharmacological therapy are different depending on the presence of computed tomography-defined airway wall thickening in COPD patients. Defining the phenotype of COPD based on the underlying pathology is encouraging as most clinical manifestations can be distinguished by the presence of increased airway wall thickness. Pharmacological therapy has shown significant effect on COPD with airway wall thickening. However, it has limited use in COPD without an airway disease. The phenotype of COPD based on the underlying pathology can be a useful tool to better understand the disease and adjust treatment accordingly.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.410-427
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• 2023

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have provided novel tools for rapid and precise pathologic diagnosis. The introduction of digital pathology has enabled the acquisition of scanned slide images that are essential for the application of AI. The application of AI for improved pathologic diagnosis includes the error-free detection of potentially negligible lesions, such as a minute focus of metastatic tumor cells in lymph nodes, the accurate diagnosis of potentially controversial histologic findings, such as very well-differentiated carcinomas mimicking normal epithelial tissues, and the pathological subtyping of the cancers. Additionally, the utilization of AI algorithms enables the precise decision of the score of immunohistochemical markers for targeted therapies, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and programmed death-ligand 1. Studies have revealed that AI assistance can reduce the discordance of interpretation between pathologists and more accurately predict clinical outcomes. Several approaches have been employed to develop novel biomarkers from histologic images using AI. Moreover, AI-assisted analysis of the cancer microenvironment showed that the distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was related to the response to the immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, emphasizing its value as a biomarker. As numerous studies have demonstrated the significance of AI-assisted interpretation and biomarker development, the AI-based approach will advance diagnostic pathology.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.130-145
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to know stress and blood stasis pattern for the patients who had hysterectomy related with uterine myoma, adenomyosis, endometriosis. Methods: We got questionnaires from 55 patients among 243 patients who had hysterectomy related with uterine myoma, adenomyosis, endometriosis in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, OO medical center from April 11th 2010 to October 14th 2010, and analyzed them. We conducted correlation analysis between age, pain(VAS), duration of pain and blood stasis score, and between duration of pain, blood stasis score and the sum of Stress Response Index. We compared the sum of Stress Response Index, blood stasis score, VAS according to the result of pathology. For statistics, we used Pearson's correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney test, oneway analysis of variances(ANOVA) and SPSS version 17.0 for windows. Results: The correlation between duration of pain and blood stasis score showed statistical significance. The correlation between sum of the Stress Response Index and blood stasis score showed statistical significance. There is no statistically correlation between age, VAS, duration of the pain and blood stasis score. There is no statistically significant difference in sum of Stress Response Index, blood stasis score, VAS according to the result of pathology. Conclusion: The result showed that Stress is related with static blood, and the longer patients suffer from pain, the easier patients' blood to be static. Further study will be needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4117-4123
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• 2014

Background: To determine prognostic value of excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1) in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Materials and Methods: The study included 60 patients with MPM who were diagnosed and treated in the Radiation Oncology Department of Kayseri Teaching Hospital and Medical Oncology Department of Erciyes University, Medicine School between 2005 and 2013. By using immunohistochemical methods, ERCC1 expression in biopsy specimens was evaluated. We retrospectively assessed whether there is a correlation between ERCC1 and response to anti-neoplastic therapy or survival. Results: There were 50 men and 10 women with median age of 62 years (range: 39-83). Histological type was epithelial mesothelioma in the majority of the cases (85%), most commonly presenting in stage four. Of the cases, 20 (33%) received radiotherapy, 60 (%100) received first-line chemotherapy and 15 (%25) received second-line chemotherapy. In the assessment after therapy, it was found that there was partial response in 12 cases (20%), stable disease in 19 cases (31.4%) and progression in 25 cases (41.7%). ERCC1 was positive in 43% of the cases. Mean OS was 11.7 months and mean DFS was 9.5 months in ERCC1-positive cases regardless of therapy, while they were 19.2 months and 17.1 months in ERCC1-negative cases, respectively. The difference was found to be significant (p<0.05). In univariate analysis, stage, comorbidity, response to treatment and ERCC1 expression were found to be significantly associated with OS (p=0.083; p=0.043; p=0.041; p=0.050). In multivariate analysis, response to treatment remained to be significant for OS (p=0.005). In univariate and multivariate analyses, response to treatment and ERCC1 were found to be significantly associated with DFS (p=0.049; p=0.041). Conclusions: ERCC1 was identified as poor prognostic factor in patients with MPM.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2002

This study was performed to know the effects of stress induced by the daily fluctuation of water temperture from 18$^{\circ}C$ to 25$^{\circ}C$ up and down for 30 days on the defence mechanism of olive flounder. Puralichthys olivaceus. To make clear the temperature stress on the defense mechanism of the tested fish. several factors of immune response such as counting of leucocyte appearance in peripheral blood, phagocytic activity in whole blood cells, nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) reduction, chemiluminescence(CL) response, and lysozyme activity were investigated at 28 days after giving the change of water temperature. The fish was controlled under the none feeding condition during experimental period. Mortality of the tested fish was rapidly increased up to 22% within the first one week of the experimental period without any additional stress factors. The number of neutrophil of peripheral blood in the tested group was significantly higher than the control group at the 2nd week. but the number of lymphocyte was significantly lower than the control group at the 1st and 3rd day of the experimental period. respectively. In the NBT reduction test, the activity of macrophage in the control group fish was the highest on the 7th day while that in the tested group was on the 3rd day. Also. the phagocytosis of tested group against formalin killed cells was retarded compared with the control. CL response of the tested group was significantly lower from 2nd to 5lh day of the experimental period than the control. 'The lysozyme activity of tested group was remained higher during the experimental period than the control. Even though the tested fish showed different results in some non-specific factors of immune respceses between tested and control group fish, olive flounder seems highly adaptable in repealed water temperature change in condition after one week under the given temperature fluctuation range.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2005

본 연구는 강독성 균주인 E. tarda PoKF-000623가 생산하는 세포외생성물 (ECPs)을 넙치에 투여되었을 때 나타나는 생리학적 및 면역학적 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. E. tarda PoKF-000623 균주가 생성하는 ECPs의 넙치 (평균체중, 5.6g)에 대한 96hr-$LD_{50}$ 은 약 0.714${\mu}g$ g TEX>$fish^{-1}$ 이었으며, ECPs의 주사에 의한 폐사는 고농도 (40${\mu}g$ TEX>$fish^{-1}$) 뿐만 아니라 저농도 (4${\mu}g$ TEX>$fish^{-1}$)에서도 지속적으로 발생하였다. 평균 체중 59.1 g 크기의 넙치에 각각 0, 4 and 40${\mu}g$ ECPs TEX>$fish^{-1}$ 의 농도로 근육 주사한 후, 혈청 중 glucose 농도와 total protein 농도 및 신장 식세포의 활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 고농도의 ECPs 주사 시험구의 넙치에서 혈중 glucose 농도와 total protein 농도가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 그러나 세포성 면역 기구인 신장 식세포의 CL 반응과 세균 살해능은 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 저하되었다. 따라서 넙치에 고농도의 E. tarda ECPs를 투여하면 생체 지표의 일부에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었고 면역 활성, 특히 신장 식세포 활성의 억제가 edwardsielosis의 발병에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.