• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 1983

The study was carried out on 468 cases among total 4,347 cancer cases which was confirmly diagnosed as malignant neoplasms at Yonsei Center Hospital, appended to Yonsei University, during 10 years from January 1, 1971 to December 31, 1980. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Total malignant neoplasm cases treated with radiation were 4,347, 1,685 of whom were males, and 2,662 females(male to female ratio was 1:1.58). 2. Lung cancer were 10.8% of total malignant neoplasm cases(468 cases), 391 cases for the male and 77 cases for the female. So, average the male to female ratio was 8:1 and cases of the male were much more. 3. The age distribution of lung cancer cases was from 27 to 82 years old. The highest age distribution was $50{\sim}59$ for males(37.9%) and $60{\sim}69$ for females(41.6%) ; 77.1% of total lung cancer cases were over 50 years old. 4. In regard to stages, the distribution of the third stage was highest(49.3%). That of the first stage was much higher during the last period(11.8%) than the first period(2.7%), and that of the fourth stage was much lower during the last period (7.8%) than the first period(21.1%). 5. In regard to pathological type, the distribution was 51.3% for squamous cell carcinoma, 29.3% for undifferentiated cell cercinoma, 12.2% for adenocarcinoma, and 7.2% for bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma in order of frequency. In regard to adenocarcinoma, the male to female ratio was 1:3.7 and cases of the female were much more. 6. In regard to tumor location, the distribution of tumor location in the right-left lobe was 59.1% in the right lobe, 33.6% in the left lobe, and 7.3% in the both lobes in order of frequency. And that of tumor location in the upper and lower lobes was all higher in the upper lobe ; especially, that of the right upper lobe was highest(31.2% of total cases). 7. For the main symptom, coughing was highest(64%), 50% for hemoptysis, and 41% for dyspnea.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.218-232
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• 1985

Congenital hereditary disease is in devided into Infantile type and Adult type, Adult type is hidden for many years and keeps normal renal function till middle age. Cyst is stimultaneously made in both sides and becomes lowered in renal function in 30's to 40's. Infantile type is generally born with the big kidneys, renal failure, undergrowth of intrahepatic bile duct. Both infantile and childhood type have ureteral dilatation and portal hypertension In infantile type, it is mostly developed into renal failure, but generally faces death as a result of hepatic disease. The reason of death is that an abnormal condition of recessive autosome affects the liver and kidneys. While the incidence of infantile type is rare as $0.017{\sim}0.07%$ and it is autosomal recessive heredity, Adult type can rarely exist in infantile period. Though it exists in middle period, 50% of patients can live for 2-4 years after the first symptom incidence and 25% can less than 2 years. It is hard to cure completely in medicine and surgery. Three difficulties in familial incidence are comparative decrease of the donor who have no affection on renal transplantation. For another consideration it is to show the family history for several generations. We, the Med. Dept. of Dae Han Kyouk Life Insurance Co. Ltd., used the ultrasonic apparatus in diagnosing the one case of adult type bilateral polycystic kidney and then doubted the family history. As a result of inspecting the family we experienced bilateral polycystic kidney from 3 persons out of 4 who can be inspected. The results are as follows: 1) We could confirm the polycystic kidney from 3 persons out of 4(75%). 2) Then when they came for check up, chief complaint was the pain in all 3 cases(100%). 3) Accompanying disease was hypertension in 2 cases(67%). 4) In early disease incidence, we couldn't observe the specific change in pathological opinion. 5) All 3 cases are not accompanied with cystic lesion in liver, spleen, pancreas.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2007

2006년 8월 경북 연안의 우렁쉥이 앙식장에서 대량폐사가 발생하였다. 폐사 원인을 규명하기 위하여 폐사 직후 폐사가 발생한 양식장을 대상으로 수질환경 조사와 병리학적 조사를 실시하였으나 특이점을 발견하지 못하였다. 그래서 폐사가 발생하기 직전 동해에 영향을 미친 10호 태풍 '우쿵'이 우렁쉥이 폐사에 영항을 미쳤을 것으로 가정하고 태풍 '우쿵' 통과 전후의 해황 자료를 분석하였다. 태풍 우쿵의 영향을 받기 전인 8월 초 중순 동해 연안은 전반적으로 저층 냉수의 용승으로 인하여 수심 10m 이심에서는 $15^{\circ}C$ 이하의 찬물이 존재하고 있었다. 그 후 매풍 '우쿵'의 영향으로 인한 북풍이 약 5일간 지속되면서 수온이 높은 외측의 표층수가 연안으로 밀려와 침강하는 현상(에크만 효과)이 발생하여 우렁쉥이가 매달려 있는 수심 $10{\sim}20m$의 수은이 일시에 $10^{\circ}C$ 이상 상승하여 약 5일간 지속되었다. 2006년 경북 연안의 양식 우렁쉥이는 장기간 냉수에 적응되어 있다가 태풍 '우쿵'의 영향으로 수온이 급상승함에 따른 수온 스트레스로 인하여 대량폐사된 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1977

A 36 year old blindman, engineer was admitted with chief complaints of hemoptysis, recurrent sore throat, pyoderma in genital organ, uveitis and thrombophlebitis for 10 years. Above the chief complaints were remission or exacerbation during hospitalization. Physicalexamination showed that left radial, ulnar & brachial pulse was not palpable. No bruit or murmur was obtained over the mass. Neurologic examination revealed no significant finding.On admission, chest P-A showed hen egg sized round & oval compact hazy density on left upper lung field. Bronchogram revealed no pathological finding and Lt. tomogram showed well define large,ovoid mass density in the superior mediastinum. Fluoroscopy finding showed nonpulsatile on left upper lung field. Pre-op. aortography was not taken, under the impression of lung Ca. rule out .sortie aneurysm, exploratory operation was performed through the 2nd intercostal space, Lt. It was performed that the mass was ascending sortie aneurysm of saccular type. Direct aneurysmectomy with multiple figure of eight suture were done without any prosthetic graft. Post-op. control I.V.C graphy showed completely obstruction sign. Postopcontrol aortography revealed good surgical result. Final, histopathological answered non-specific sortie aneurysm, saccular type. Post-op. courses were uneventful except mild neurologic disturbance with subclavian steal syndrome and associated with both lower leg pitting edema due to inferior vena cava obstruction. After op, 3 month later, discharged to home, with big systemic problem. Behcet`s syndrome reviewed with related literatures. The coexistence of mouth and genital ulceration with hypopyon mentioned by hippocrates and described by various workers in the early part of this century was first defined as a syndrome by Behcet in 1937. In 1937 Behcet described a chronic relapsing triple symptom complex of oral ulceration, genital ulceration, and ocular inflammation. The place of the syndrome as part of a systemic disorder in now clearer, and the under lying pathology appears to be a vasculitis. The disease runs a- chronic course, blindness being the greatest disability and control nervous system involvement a cause of death. Thrombophlebitis is fairly frequent, france et al [1951] giving an incidence of 25% and Dowling [1961] 12%, superficial thrombophlebitis migrans and thrombosis of large veins, including venae cavae [Thomas, 1947: Boolukos 1960] are recorded. Little attention has been paid to arterial involvement. Mishima et al. [1961] described resection cf an aortic aneurysm in a 38 year old man with Behcet`s syndorme. Mounsey in a clinicopathological conference described a case [Brit, med. J., 1966] of ruptured aortic aneurysm in Bechcet`s syndrome treated by aorto-iliac graft. Also, Shikano and Oshima et al [1963] recorded two aneyrysm of smaller arteries. Unfrequently, aortic aneurysm was presumed to be secondary to osteomyelitis of the lumber spine, though the possible association between aortic aneurysm and Behcet`s syndrome was raised. A further case is reported here, in which ascending aortic aneurysm with Behcet`s Ds. appeared to form part of this generalized disease. This is a case report of surgical experience of Behcet`s Ds. with ascending aortic aneurysm which had nearly all the typical clinical features. Above mentioned and was reviewed with related literatures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1759-1767
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• 2016

Background: Uterine sarcoma is a group of rare gynecologic tumors with various natures, and different lines of treatment. Most have a poor treatment outcome. This study targeted clinical characteristics, treatment, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and prognostic factors in uterine sarcoma patients in one tertiary center for cancer care. Materials and Methods: Uterine sarcoma patients who were treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital between January 1994 and December 2014 were identified. Clinico-pathological data were analyzed. Prognostic outcomes were examined by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Results: We identified 46 uterine sarcoma patients: 25 carcinosarcoma (CS) (54.3%), 15 leiomyosarcoma (LMS) (32.6%), and 6 undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS) (13.1%) cases. Mean age was $54.0{\pm}11.9years$ (range 25-82 years). Abnormal uterine bleeding was the most common presenting symptom (63.0%). Among 33 patients (71.7%) who had pre-operative tissue collected, diagnosis of malignancy was correct in 29 (87.9%). All patients received primary surgery and retroperitoneal lymph nodes were resected in 34 (73.9%). After surgery, 5 (10.9%) had gross residual tumors. Stage I disease was most commonly found (56.5%). Adjuvant treatment was given to 27 (58.7%), most commonly chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 16.0 months (range 0.8-187.4 months), recurrence was encountered in 22 patients (47.8%). Median time to recurrence was 5.8 months (range1.0-105.5 months). Distant metastasis was more common than local or locoregional failure. The 2-year PFS was 45.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.6%-59.7%) and the 2-year OS was 48.3% (95% CI, 33.3%-60.7%). Multivariable analyses found residual disease after surgery as a significant factor only for PFS. Conclusions: Uterine sarcoma is a rare tumor entity. Even with multimodalities of treatment, the prognosis is still poor. Successful cytoreductive surgery is a key factor for a good survival outcome.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2011

Purpose: Pathogenesis of intraneural ganglion is controversial, however, the synovial theory that the intraarticular region is the origination of disease has come into the spotlight nowadays. But there are a few researches about intraneural ganglion in foot and ankle. We studied 7cases of intraneural ganglion. We are going to prove the synovial theory by indentifying articular branch of intraneural ganglion. Materials and Methods: From August 2003 to May 2011, we evaluated 7 ouf of 8 patients diagnosed as a intraneural ganglion in foot and ankle. The gender ratio were 4 male and 3 female, and the mean age at the time of surgery was 52.9 years. Clinically, we checked pre and post operative symptom, muscle tone and whether loss of muscle tone and sensation exists. We analyzed surgical records and preoperative MRI and compared those with intra-operative finding. Results: In MRI analysis of 7cases, the connection around the joints were confirmed, and 1 case was confirmed in the retrospective analysis of MRI. Intraneural ganglions occurred in medial plantar nerve 3 cases, lateral plantar nerve 1 case, superficial peroneal nerve 1 case and sural nerve 1 case. We could not found recurrence during the follow up periods. Most patients relieved pain after operation, but recovery of sensation was unsatisfactory. We could find some cases pathological finding of the nerve intraoperatively, and clinical result of that cases was poor. Conclusion: Intraneural ganglion can occur in various parts in foot and ankle. We concluded that the intranneural ganglion originated from joint by identifying the artichlar branch of ganglion. Due to its small size, it is difficult to find articular branch in operation field. But we do our best to find and remove articular branch. Currently, considering the small amount of research in foot and ankle, more research about articular brach is needed.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1034-1041
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• 2010

The oriental medicine Jangwonhwan, which is a boiled extract of 12 medicinal herbs/mushroom, has been prescribed for patients with cognitive dysfunction and it is originally from the Korean medical text, DonguiBogam(amnesia chapter). Recently, a modified recipe of Jangwonhwan (LMK02-Jangwonhwan) consisting of seven medicinal plants/mushroom, was shown to reduce ${\beta}$-amyloid deposition in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer disease. The toxicity of LMK02 was investigated in SD rats by oral repeated adminstration for 4 weeks and we tried to determine test does for 13 weeks repeated study. Quality control of tablet form of LMK02 was established by estimating indicative components, Ginsenoside Rg3 of Red Ginseng and Decursin of Angelicagigas Nakai. The toxicity of LMK02 was investigated in 6 weeks old specific pathogen free (SPF) Sprageu-Dawley rats by oral administration. Each test group were consist of 5 male and 5 female and they received doses of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day of test substance for 4 weeks. The clinical signs, death rate, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematological and serum biochemistry, organ weight and pathological changes were examined and compared with those of control group. Urinalysis : We observed increase of PRO(p<0.01), SG(p<0.01) in female rats of 1,000 mg/kg/day and 2,000 mg/kg/day(p<0.01). Also, we observed increase of pH and KET in female rats of 1,000 mg/kg/day(p<0.05) and of 2,000 mg/kg/day(p<0.01). WBC in female rats in 1,000 mg/kg/day and 2,000 mg/kg/day were on increase. Hematological test : We observed increase of MCV in male rats of 250 mg/kg/day. (p<0.05) Serum biochemistry test : We found increase of CHO in female rats of 2,000 mg/kg/day(p<0.05). During the experimental period, there were no animals dead or moribund. There were no treatment related changes of general symptom, food and water consumption, organ weight and autopsy According to the results of 4-week repeated dose range finding study, the highest dose was established as 1000 mg/kg for 13-week repeated dose toxicity study and we determined to put 2 more groups by common ratio two.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1997

Background: Thyroid cancer is a relatively rare neoplasm and its incidence varies geographically and ethnically around the world. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, but it has a wide spectrum of biologic behavior, histologic appearance, and management. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyse and evaluate all aspects of the clinical consideration in thyroid cancer. Method: Between 1986 and 1995, a retrospective analysis of 77 thyrod cancer patients admitted at the Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University was made to assess clinical entities. Result: By the pathological classification, the papillary carcinoma was the most common type(83.1%). Male to female ratio was 1 : 5.4 and most prevalent age group was noted from fourth decade to fifth decade(46.8%). The most common duration of illness between the appearance of the symptoms and the treatment was below 6 months(44.2%), and the most common symptom was the palpable mass at the anterior portion of the neck(96.1%). Most cases of the thyroid cancer were appeared as cold nodule in the $^{99m}$Tc-thyroid scan(95.7%). In the site of tumor location, the right and left lobe was distributed similarly. In the extent of tumor, incidence of intrathyroidal location was 41.6%, and that of the metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes was 44.2% and that of the direct capsular invasion was 27.3%, and incidence of both involved case was 13%. Surgical procedures were total thyroidectomy alone in 27 cases(35.1%) or with modified neck dissection in 6 cases(7.8%), or with radical neck dissection in 2 cases (2.6%), near total thyroidectomy alone in 22 cases(28.6%), ipsilateral lobectomy with isthmectomy alone in 12 cases(15.6%) or with modified neck dissection in 1 case(1.3%), and biopsy only in 7 cases(9.1%). The most common postoperative complications were transient hypoparathyroidism(5.2%) and transient unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis(5.2%). Conclusion: The major problem of management of thyroid cancer include a wide spectrum of clinical behaviour of this tumor entity, the lack of reliable prognostic factors and lack of an objective assessment of the various treatment modalities. But because of showing the favorable prognosis for most thyroid cancer, appropriate and aggressive management should be recommended.

• 철학연구
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• 제130권
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• pp.135-159
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• 2014

이 논문의 목적은 롤로 메이의 실존주의 심리치료가 키에르케고어의 불안개념에 철학적 기초를 두고 있음을 밝히는 것이다. 메이는 자신의 실존주의 심리치료를 정립하는 데 키에르케고어의 불안개념을 사용한다. 키에르케고어의 불안개념과 달리 프로이트의 불안개념은 지나치게 기술적이라고 메이는 비판한다. 억압의 원인이 불안이라는 후기 프로이트 이론은 억압을 야기하는 인간관계의 중요성을 간과한다는 것이다. 주체가 타인과의 관계에 부여하는 가치의 중요성이 주체에게 생성되는 불안의 강도에 결정적이라는 것이다. 메이는 공포와 불안을 구별하는 데서 대상성의 유무를 들고 있다. 이는 키에르케고어나 프로이트에게도 공통적인데 대상이 있는 것은 공포이고 그렇지 않은 것은 불안이다. 메이는 불안을 존재론적으로 해석한다. 무/비존재에 대한 키에르케고어의 언급을 발전시켜서 불안은 비존재에 대항하여 자신을 긍정하는 존재의 경험이라고 주장한다. 메이는 키에르케고어의 자유를 가능성, 잠재성과 유사한 의미로 해석한다. 인간이 잠재성을 성취하는 문제에 직면할 때의 상황이 불안이라는 것이다. 키에르케고어에게 자유는 불안과 관련되면서 동시에 죄와도 관련된다. 메이는 이를 계승하여 죄의식과 불안을 동전의 양면으로 취급한다. 그는 죄의식을 어떤 병적인 것이 아니라 인간의 가능성의 증거로 본다. 키에르케고어는 :불안의 개념"의 부제를 '원죄라는 교의학적 문제에 관한 심리학적 관점에서의 단순한 연구'라고 적고 있다. 그가 불안과 죄의 관계를 분리할 수 없는 문제로 보았음을 드러낸다. 이러한 연구를 통해 메이의 실존주의 심리치료에서 가장 중요한 불안개념은 키에르케고어에게서 연유함을 명확히 하고자 하였다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2019

본 연구는 융의 분석심리학을 연구하여 거기에서 도출된 상담이론을 토대로 상담과정과 상담기법을 연구하고자 한다. 융은 분석심리학을 기반으로 상담과정을 4단계로 나누고 있다. 1단계는 고백(confession)인데, 분석치료의 원형은 고백이다. 치료과정의 첫 단계는 비밀을 공유하고 억제된 정서를 드러내는 것이다. 2단계는 해명(elucidation)단계인데, 해명은 전이에 의해 유도된 내용을 조명하면서 명료화하는 과정이다. 3단계는 교육(education)단계이다. 해명은 내담자들을 지적으로 만들지만 여전히 무능력한 아이의 상태로 남겨둔다. 이 단계에서 치료는 통찰을 넘어 책임성 있는 의뢰인으로 훈련시키는 것이다. 4단계는 변혁(transformation)이다. 내담자들과의 변혁단계에서는 내담자들뿐만 아니라, 치료사도 '분석 속'에 있다. 융의 상담기법은 꿈의 분석, 상징의 사용, 단어연상검사, 증상분석, 사례사, MBTI 등 여섯 가지를 사용한다. 결론적으로 분석심리상담은 첫째, 인간의 정신, 특히 무의식 세계에 대한 보다 심층적인 접근과 이해를 가능하게 했다. 둘째, 분석심리상담은 무의식과 원형이라는 개념을 통해서 모든 인간이 공통적 심상 구조를 지닌 인류 공동체임을 인식하게 해주었다. 셋째, 분석심리상담은 인생의 의미와 목적을 새로운 관점에서 바라볼 수 있도록 해주었다. 따라서 융은 환자에 대해 병적인 문제를 지닌 존재가 아니라, 스스로 전체성을 실현하고자 하는 전인적인 인간으로 볼 것을 강조하였다.