• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2007

Bereavement is the state of loss resulting from death. Grief is the emotional response associated with loss, intense and acute sorrow resulting from loss. Complicated grief represent a pathological outcome involving social, physical, emotional, cognitive, spiritual morbidity. The common psychiatric disorders associated complicated grief or abnormal grief responses include clinical depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol abuse or other substance abuse, and dependence, psychotic disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Grief tasks involve a series of stage or phases following an important loss that gradually permit adjustment and recovery. Three phases of grief involve phase 1 (walking the edges), phase 2 (entering the depths), and phase 3 (reconnecting the world). For intervention to be effective they need to be individually tailored to abnormal grief reaction or unresolved grief reaction. Clear understandings of complicated grief, abnormal responses, factors increasing risk after bereavement will often enable us to prevent psychiatric disorders in bereaved patients.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2019

Membrane-anchored full-length MET stimulated by its ligand HGF/SF induces various biological responses, including survival, growth, and invasion. This panel of responses, referred to invasive growth, is required for embryogenesis and tissue regeneration in adults. On the contrary, MET deregulation is associated with tumorigenesis in many kinds of cancer. In addition to its well-documented ligand-stimulated downstream signaling, the receptor can be cleaved by proteases such as secretases, caspases, and calpains. These cleavages are involved either in MET receptor inactivation or, more interestingly, in generating active fragments that can modify cell fate. For instance, MET fragments can promote cell death or invasion. Given a large number of proteases capable of cleaving MET, this receptor appears as a prototype of proteolytic-cleavage-regulated receptor tyrosine kinase. In this review, we describe and discuss the mechanisms and consequences, both physiological and pathological, of MET proteolytic cleavages.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2018

Microglia are emerging as critical regulators of innate immune responses in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the importance of understanding their molecular and cellular mechanisms. We attempted to determine the role of crosstalk signaling between $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TGF-{\beta}$ in $A{\beta}$ clearance by microglia cells. We used in vitro and in vivo mouse models that recapitulated acute and chronic aspects of microglial responses to $A{\beta}$ peptides. We showed that crosstalk signaling between $TGF-{\beta}$ and Smad2 was an important mediator of neuro-inflammation. These findings suggest that microglial $TGF-{\beta}$ activity enhances the pathological progression to AD. As $TGF-{\beta}$ displays broad regulatory effects on beneficial microglial functions, the activation of inflammatory crosstalk signaling between $TGF-{\beta}$ and Smad2 may be a promising strategy to restore microglial functions, halt the progression of $A{\beta}$-driven pathology, and prevent AD development.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1993

아가미는 체조직 중에서도 가장 섬세하고도 미묘하게 적응된 조직학적 구조를 갖고 있을 뿐 아니라 환경수에 직접 노출되어 있기 때문에 수중의 각종 생물학적 및 물리화학적 유해인자에 쉽게 영향을 받을 수 있는 곳이다. 아가미를 구성하는 조직성분중에서도 특히 이차새변상피는 단층 내지 두층의 얇은 상피세포로 구성되어 있어 효율적인 가스교환을 할 수 있게 하지만, 이러한 구조의 특수성이 오히려 각종 유해 인자의 침입 또는 이들에 의한 손상을 쉽게 할 수 있다. 아가미는 호흡기능 뿐만 아니라, 장 및 신장과 함께 삼투압의 조절, 노폐물의 배설의 기능도 갖는다. 그러므로, 새변상피의 괴사나 비후와 같은 형태학적 변화는 호흡, 분비 및 배설기능의 장애를 야기할 수 있으므로 새변상피의 기능적 및 형태학적 유지는 무엇보다 중요하다 하겠다. 여기에서는 어떤 특정질병 또는 원인체에 관련한 병리조직학적 변화보다는 일반적으로 아가미조직의 조직학적 특수성을 우선 깊이 이해하고, 그 특성에 관련된 비특이적인 병리조직학적 변화를 중심으로 기술함으로써, 특정 원인체와의 병리조직학적 반응에 대한 보다 정확한 해석을 기하고자 이미 보고 및 출판된 정보를 토대로 하여 여기에 정리하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.80-97
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• 2005

Backgrounds : In recent years there has teen renewed interest in the importance of 8-constitution medicine as evidenced by growth of research in this field. Although diagnosis by 8-constitution depends on pulse types, it still is subjective and thus could be insignificant. Therefore, diagnosis based on objective characteristics is essential. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find objective characteristics of the 4-constitution groups {木(Mok; hepatonia, cholecystonia), {土(To; pancreotonia, gastrotonia), {金(Gum; pulmotonia, colonotonia), {水(Soo; renotonia, vesicotonia)} in 8-constitution for further diagnosis and therapy. Also, some significant clinical tendencies of 4-constitution groups were studied. Methods : From Nov. 2001 to Apr. 2004, data were collected through a questionnaire given to 720 patients who were classified into one of 8 constitutions according to their pulse types and their responses to constitution-based acupuncture therapy. The questionnaire was composed of 80 items which were about personality, physical shape, habit, physiological and pathological symptoms, response to drugs, favorites and responses to various foods. The data were statistically analyzed by cross-tabulation and one-way analysis of variance, and SPSS V10.0.7PC was used. Results : The results are summarized as follows: 1) Among participants, proportions of hepatotonia, pancreotonia, and cholecystotonia were higher than those of vesicotonia, pulmotonia, colonotonia, renotonia, grstrotonia. 2) 52 items of 80 variances showed significant differences by gender, 3) 13 items were highly correlated with 4-constitution groups in males, and 26 items in fremales. 4) 22 items showed significant group differences among 4-constitution groups in males, and 41 items in females. Also, for each item 4-constitution groups were sorted according to their means, so that the constitutional tendencies were objectively figured out by personality, shape, habit, physiological and pathological symptoms, response to drugs, favorites and responses to foods. Conclusions : Most clinical characteristics of 4-constitution groups found in this study coincided with those from the previous ones in this fold. Thus, classifying patients into one of the 4-constitution groups based on significant objective characteristics is of great benefit to diagnosis and therapy. further study should be followed to improve proper therapy for each constitution.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2018

This study evaluated the anti-asthmatic activities of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol (DBHP) that is a potent phenolic antioxidant in edible vegetable oil. The effects of DBHP on bronchial asthma were evaluated by determining the specific airway resistance (sRaw) and tidal volume (TV) during the immediate asthmatic response (IAR) and the late-phase asthmatic response (LAR) in guinea pigs with aerosolized ovalbumin-induced asthma. Recruitment of leukocytes and the levels of biochemical inflammatory mediators were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs), and histopathological surveys performed in lung tissues. DBHP significantly inhibited the increased sRaw and improved the decreased TV on IAR and LAR, and also inhibited recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils into the lung, and release of biochemical inflammatory mediators such as histamine and phospholipase $A_2$ from these infiltrated leukocytes, and improved pathological changes. However, anti-asthmatic activities of DBHP at oral doses of 12.5 to 50 mg/kg was less than those of dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and cromoglycate (10 mg/kg, p.o.), but more potent or similar to that of salbutamol (5 mg/kg, p.o.). These results in the present study suggest that anti-asthmatic effects of DBHP in the guinea pigs model of OVA-induced asthmatic responses principally are mediated by inhibiting the recruitments of the leukocytes and the release of biochemical inflammatory mediators from these infiltrated leukocytes.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2016

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of cell growth and survival in physiological and pathological processes. Aberrant MAPK signaling plays a critical role in the development and progression of human cancer, as well as in determining responses to cancer treatment. The MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), also known as dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), are a family of proteins that function as major negative regulators of MAPK activities in mammalian cells. Studies using mice deficient in specific MKPs including MKP1/DUSP1, PAC-1/DUSP2, MKP2/DUSP4, MKP5/DUSP10 and MKP7/DUSP16 demonstrated that these molecules are important not only for both innate and adaptive immune responses, but also for metabolic homeostasis. In addition, the consequences of the gain or loss of function of the MKPs in normal and malignant tissues have highlighted the importance of these phosphatases in the pathogenesis of cancers. The involvement of the MKPs in resistance to cancer therapy has also gained prominence, making the MKPs a potential target for anti-cancer therapy. This review will summarize the current knowledge of the MKPs in cancer development, progression and treatment outcomes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2879-2881
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• 2015

There is paucity of data on non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) from our population in North-East India. In this retrospective study, patients were consecutively followed-up to see the clinic-pathological pattern of NHL, various responses, and pattern of relapses to first line treatment with chemotherapy. All patients in the present study received standard regimen of cyclophosphamde, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone (CHOP) with or without rituximab (R-CHOP) as per our institutional protocol as first line therapy. Our study has shown that, in our adult population, the majority of NHL cases present with stage II and stage III disease and extra nodal involvement, B-cell lymphomas and diffuse large cell lymphomas being the most common subtypes. International prognostic index was a significant factor for varied responses to treatment. The majority of relapses after complete remission occurred in the first year.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제25권7호통권218호
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• pp.665-672
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• 1987

In order to study the effects of advanced periodontitis on pulps, 36 human teeth were examined histologically. In addition, a medical and dental history was elicited. The pulps were intact, uninflammed in only 9 teeth (25%) of 36 periodontally involved teeth. 27 teeth (75%) had pulps exhibiting inflammatory lesions of varing intensities. Of 27 teeth with pathological pulp tissue alterations, focal reversible pulpitis was found in 4 teeth, chronic pulpitis in 13 teeth, pulp abscess in 6 teeth, and pulp necrosis in 4 teeth. These observations appeared to indicate that teeth with dvanced periodontitis produce a high incidence of degenertion and inflammation of the pulp. Responses to electric pulp test were not found to be reliable indicators of the state of the pulp in periodontally involved teeth.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.433-440
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• 1991

Guinea pigs were administrated with T-2 toxin at a rate of 1 and 0.6mg/kg body weight per day for 21 days to study the immunological and pathological effects of T-2 toxin in guinea pigs. Blood was collected before T-2 treatment and on days 7, 14 and 21 of the trial for hematological and biological examinations and for the mitogen assay using lymphocytes. Myeloid: erythroid ratios were examined from the fernur bone marrow samples taken a day before T-2 toxin treatment began, on day 12 and at death. Guinea pigs received with 1mg/kg body weight of T-2 toxin daily showed leukopenic, lymphopenic and anemic signs on day 7 and 14. The mitogenic responses to the T-cell mitogen, Concanavalin A and B-cell mitogens, lipopolysaccharide were significantly depressed on day 7. Histologically, marked cellular damages including karyorrhexis and depletion of lymphocytes were observed in the actively dividing cells of the gastrointestinal tract, lymph node, spleen and bone marrow of guinea pigs.