• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate a signal typing on the basis of visual impression of distinctive spectrogram. Pathological voices are classified into signal type 1, 2, 3, or 4 to estimate perturbation parameters and to mark perceptual rating based on Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V). The results suggest that perturbation analysis can be applied to only type 1 and 2 signals and the perceptual ratings of overall grade increase with each signal type, overall. A good inter-rater reliability is showed among three raters. We recommend that pathological voices should be marked the signal typing and CAPE-V, together, to definitely describe the characteristics of pathological voices.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2005

어류의 빈혈은 병어 또는 임상적으로 건강한 어류에서 확인되는 증상으로 심하면 아가미가 창백해 보이거나 채혈 혈액의 물성으로 인지될 수 있다. 어류의 적혈구 수는 일반적으로 1-3${\times}10^6$개이며, 헤마토크리트 (Ht)는 35-45%로 포유류와 유사범위로 보고되는 경우가 많으나 아직 그 정상치에 대하여 체계적으로 제대로 정리된 자료가 없다. 어류에서도 출혈성, 용혈성, 재생불량성 빈혈로 나누고 있다. 포유류와 유사한 병리학적 영향이 예상되지만, 어류의 경우 10% 이하의 극단적으로 낮은 Ht에서도 생존이 가능하며, antarctic icefish (Chanenocephalus aceratus)에서는 적혈구가 없이 생존하고 있다는 점 등으로부터, 포유류와 다른 병리학적 영향이 예상되나 그 정보가 매우 부족하다. 양식현장에서 어류 질병에 따른 경제적 피해가 해마다 증가하고 있는 시점에서, 빈혈 소견은 어체의 건강평가에 중요한 파라메타의 하나로 볼 수 있는 병리학적 측면을 가지고 있다. 따라서 저자는 지금까지 알려진 각종 어류 질병에 대하여 기술된 임상병리 및 병리조직학 변화 내용을 검토함으로써, 어류에서의 빈혈 관련 질병을 정리하고, 저자 등의 예비적 실험 결과와 함께, 그 병리학적 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7975-7979
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the value of IHC4 in predicting pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with hormonal receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective exploratory study, data for 68 HR-positive BC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recorded. IHC4 scores were calculated based on estrogen receptors/progesterone receptors, Ki-67 and HER2 status. Logistic and ordinal regression analyses in addition to likelihood ratio test were used to explore associations of IHC4 scores and other clinico-pathological parameters with pathological complete response (pCR) and pathological stage. Results: Taking the 25th percentile as the cut-off, a lower IHC4 score was associated with an increased probability of pCR (low; 52.9% vs. High; 21.6%, OR=4.1, 95% CI=1.28-13.16, p=0.018) and a lower pathological stage (OR=3.9, 95% CI=1.34-11.33, p=0.012). When the IHC4 score was treated as a continuous variable, a lower score was again associated with an increased probability of pCR (OR=1.010, 95% CI=1.001-1.018, p=0.025) and lower pathological stage (OR=1.009, 95% CI=1.002-1.017, P=0.008). Lower clinical stage was associated with a better pCR rate that was of borderline significance (P=0.056). When clinical stage and IHC4 score were incorporated together in a logistic model, the likelihood ratio test gave a P-value of 0.004 after removal of the IHC4 score and 0.011 after removal of the stage, indicating a more significant predictive value of the IHC4 score for pCR. Conclusions: This study suggests that the IHC4 score can predict pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HR-positive BC patients. This finding now needs to be validated in a larger cohort of patients.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2007

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common food borne mycotoxin and occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, etc. DON induces systemic health problems such as loss of appetite, emesis and diarrhea in both human and farm animals. Reliable diagnostic parameters for DON intoxication are needed to prevent deep health impact. In order to establish useful diagnostic parameters, we investigated clinical signs, hematological values, serum biochemical values, gross-, histo- and toxico-pathological findings in B6C3F1 male mice after oral administration of DON (0.83, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg) for 8 days. Body weight gain was significantly decreased at the highest dose of DON. Anorexia, ataxia, for crudness and lack of vigor were observed at the highest dose DON group. In hematological values, the numbers of WBC and platelets and hemoglobin content were reduced with decreased neutrophil and monocytes by 7.5 mg/kg DON. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were prolonged in a dose-dependent manner and the content of fibrinogen was elevated at high dose of DON. Of serum biochemical values, total protein, globulin, BUN, cholesterol and test-osterone were reduced but total bilirubin and albumin/globulin ratio increased. The enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased while that of alanine aminotransferase was elevated. Relative organ weights of thymus, seminal vesicle/prostate and testes were dose-dependently reduced but those of liver and left adrenal gland increased with dose dependency. As for pathological findings, atrophy of thymus, seminal vesicle/prostate and testes and submucosal edema and ulceration in stomach and depletion of lymphocytes in thymus cortex were observed. In conclusion, these clinical, hematological, blood biochemical and patholgical parameters obtained in the present studies can be used for diagnosis of DON-mycotoxicosis, especially, low WBC, platelets, protein, BUN and testosterone and delayed prothrombin time can be available as for reliable diagnostic parameters.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권1_2호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2008

Under pathological stress stimuli, dynamics of a biological system can be changed by alteration of several components such as functional proteins, ultimately leading to disease state. These dynamics in disease state can be modeled using differential equations in which kinetic or system parameters can be obtained from experimental data. One of the most effective ways to restore a particular disease state of biology system (i.e., cell, organ and organism) into the normal state makes optimization of the altered components usually represented by system parameters in the differential equations. There has been no such approach as far as we know. Here we show this approach with a cardiac hypertrophy model in which we obtain the existence of the optimal parameters and construct an optimal system which can be used to find the optimal parameters.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.811-818
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• 2008

Biological systems with both protein-protein and protein-gene interactions can be modeled by differential equations for concentrations of the proteins with time-delay terms because of the time needed for DNA transcription to mRNA and translation of mRNA to protein. Values of some parameters in the mathematical model can not be measured owing to the difficulty of experiments. Also values of some parameters obtained in a normal stress condition can be changed under pathological stress stimuli. Thus it is important to find the effective way of determining parameters values. One approach is to use optimization algorithms. Here we construct an optimal system used to find optimal parameters in the equations with nonnegative time delays and apply this optimization result to the Nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ pathway.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2021

Agriculture is one of the essential needs of human life on planet Earth. It is the source of food and earnings for many individuals around the world. The economy of many countries is associated with the agriculture sector. Lots of diseases exist that attack various fruits and crops. Apple Tree Leaves also suffer different types of pathological conditions that affect their production. These pathological conditions include apple scab, cedar apple rust, or multiple diseases, etc. In this paper, an automatic detection framework based on deep learning is investigated for apple leaves disease classification. Different pre-trained models, VGG16, ResNetV2, InceptionV3, and MobileNetV2, are considered for transfer learning. A combination of parameters like learning rate, batch size, and optimizer is analyzed, and the best combination of ResNetV2 with Adam optimizer provided the best classification accuracy of 94%.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.4061-4063
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• 2015

Background: To evaluate pathological features of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to compare these pathological features in patients younger and older than 40 years. Materials and Methods: All resection specimens of HNSCC between 2010 and 2013 evaluated. Tumor characteristics - grade, location (site) cervical node status, alongwith presence or absence of extranodal extension, lymphovascular invasion, gender and age - were extracted from surgical pathology reports. Results: Among these n=19 patients (21.8%) were 40 years or younger and n=68 patients (78.2%) were above 40 years of age. The mean age was 34 (20-40 years) in the younger group and 56 (42-86) in the older group. The most common location of HNSCC in both groups was the oral cavity. The analysis of histopathological features including grade of tumor, tumor size, extranodal extension and comparison between two groups do not show any significant difference. Conclusions: There are no specific pathological characteristics of HNSCC in young patients. An interesting observation is that exposure to expected risk factors is similar in both groups, in younger patients they have less time to act and yet tumors are the same in terms of tumor size, lymph node status and lymphovascular invasion. Therefore further research is recommended to look for potentiating factors.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2009

Purpose: This study reports the basic reference data of the specific gait parameters for Korean normal adults. Methods: The basic gait parameters were extracted from 73 Adults (35 men and 38 women), 18 to 33 years of age, using a Vicon MX motion analysis system. The segment kinetics, such as joint moment and power, was analyzed at the hip, knee and ankle. Results: The motion patterns are typically associated with a specific phase of the gait cycle. The temporal-spatial gait parameters of Korean normal adults, such as cadence, walking speed, stride length, single support and double support, were similar to the other western reference data. The kinetic parameters of Korean normal adults, such as joint moments of force, joint mechanical power generation or absorption and ground reaction forces, were also similar to other western reference datasets. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that objective gait analysis can be used to document the gait patterns of normal healthy adults. The techniques of 3-dimensional temporal-spatial gait parameters and kinematic parameters analysis can provide a detailed biomechanical description of a normal and pathological gait.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.242-245
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• 2011

Socheongryong-tang has been used for the treatment of inflammatory allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Asian countries. This study was conducted to investigate the safety of Socheongryong-tang in rats. The safety of this tang on acute toxicity was evaluated by single dose toxicity study. Rats were orally administrated in a single dose of 0 and 2000 mg/kg (limited dose) Socheongryong-tang. There were 7 rats in each groups. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. After single administration, mortality, clinlcal signs, body weight changes and gross pathological findings were observed for 14 days. Three parameters were tested: organ weight measurement, clinical chemistry, and hematology. In this study with rats, Socheongryong-tang treatment did not show any acute toxicity. No mortality was noted for 14 days of treatment. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, organ eight and gross pathological findings at all treatment groups. The clinical chemistry parameters attesting to liver and kidney functions as well as the hematological parameters were within the normal ranges. From single dose toxicity study with rats, it is considered that $LD_{50}$ of Socheongryong-tang is over 2000 mg/kg in oral administration. This finding of the safety on single dose toxicity study of Socheongryong-tang are expected to strengthen the position of Socheongryong-tang as nontoxic medicine.