• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.401-410
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• 2021

Since the outbreak of Corona 19, Universities and Lifelong Education Center's arts and sports classes are mainly conducted online. Unfortunately, even in dance where practical practice through face-to-face classes is important, the satisfaction of students is falling because of the limitations of online education. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the quality of education service they feel. In addition, since their academic departure is increasing, we intend to comprehensively study user satisfaction, continuous use intention, and academic continuity intention related to online education. This study confirmed the causal relationship between these 4 variables through exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, model fit and validity verification, and path analysis. As a result of the study, 3 out of 6 hypotheses were adopted, and the of education service quality had a positive effect on satisfaction and use in online dance education. But there was also a limit that did not affect the intention to continue the study. In order to solve fundamental problems such as academic departure, follow-up studies taking into account more diverse social variables are needed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.717-733
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• 2021

This study is aimed to provide basic data to set the direction of polar literacy education and to raise awareness of the importance of polar research. Elementary, middle, and high school students' perception of the polar region was examined in terms of current status of polar information, impression regarding polar regions, and awareness of related issues. The study included 975 students from nine elementary, middle, and high schools, who responded to 16 questions, including close-ended and open-ended items. The results suggest that students had more experiences regarding the polar region on audiovisual media, but relatively limited learning experiences in school education. The impression they had of the polar region was confined to the monotonous image of a polar bear in crisis, following the melting of the glacier due to global warming. The students formed powerful images by combining scenes they saw in audiovisual media with emotions. In terms of recognizing problems in the polar region, the students were generally interested in creatures, natural environment, and climate change, but their interests varied depending on their school level and their own career path. The students highly valued the scientist's status as agents to address the problems facing the region, and gave priority to global citizenship values rather than practical standards. Based on the results, we suggest the following: introducing and systematizing content focusing on the polar region in the school curriculum, providing a differentiated learning experience through cooperation between scientists and educators, establishing polar literacy based on concepts that are relevant to various subjects, earth system-centered learning approach, setting the direction for follow-up studies and the need for science education that incorporates diverse values.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.391-410
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating effect of violence justification, including actor-effect and partner-effect, in the process where the offense motive affects dating violence. The subjects of this study were 135 unmarried male and female couples aged 19 and over who were dating for more than 3 months, and each couple was subjected to a self-report scale on motives, justification of violence, and dating violence. Based on these paraphrasing, as a result of analyzing the path model using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, Men and women's motivations showed a direct effect on their dating violence, while women's motivations showed a significant partner effect on men's violence. The male's motivation also had a significant impact on his dating violence and partner's abuse of dating violence as a mediator for justification of his violence. On the other hand, the mediating effect of justifying violence in women was not significant. These results show that there is a gender difference between the motives for violence and the paths for justifying violence in the sex violence of men and women. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study, and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.25_1
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• pp.157-187
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• 2015

In this paper, I will study the common point between Korean buddhist thought and Daesoon thought. In 2 chapter, I will illuminate Kang Jeungsan to be familiar with buddhist culture. Daewonsa(大院寺) was the place Kang Jeungsan's to enlighten Path. Kang Jeungsan said Śākyamuni to the people to follow himself. And Kang Jeungsan burned Thousand-Hands Sutra(千手經) as one of Chenjigongsa(天地公事). In 3 chapter I study the unfolding of Korean Maitreya thought and the interpenetration of the three teachings. In 4 chapter I study the idea of Maitreya Buddha and the unity of the three teachings in Daesoon thought. Maitreya has the origin in India. Korea accepted this Maitreya via China. In Silla era, the people accepted Maitreya in relation to Hwarang(花郞). In Unified Silla era, Beopsang jong(法相宗) accepted Maitreya devotion positively and the typical person is Jinpyo(眞表). In Goryeo era, Beopsang jong devoted Maitreya, on the other hand Maitreya devotion changed the popular devotion. In Joseon era, Maitreya devotion changed the popular devotion more and more. In this background, Kang Jeungsan accepted the idea of Maitreya Buddha. And Kang Jeungsan insisted that he is the existence to give Heaven's decree to Choe Jeu(崔濟愚) of Donghak and to combine Jesus of Christianity. The interpenetration of the three teachings is one of the stream of Joseon era's buddhim. We can read this in Hamheo Deuktong(涵虛得通)'s Hyeonjeongron(顯正論) and Yuseokjiluiron (儒釋質疑論) to pretend Hamheo Deuktong and Cheongheo Hyujeong(淸虛休靜)'s Samgagwigam(三家龜鑑). This interpenetration of the three teachings of Joseon era influenced Daesoon thought. The unity of the three teachings in Daesoon thought is divided into three. The first is the unity of the three teachings of Gwanwang(冠旺)'s standpoint, the second is the unity of the three teachings of Sungyo(仙敎) superior standpoint, the third is the unity of the three teachings of Jinmuk(震黙)'s anecdote. The interpenetration of the three teachings of Joseon era is connected with the unity of the three teachings of Jinmuk's anecdote. Thus Joseon era's buddhist thought and Daesoon thought have the common point in the idea of Maitreya Buddha and the interpenetration(unity) of the three teachings.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.75
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• pp.127-152
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• 2023

Purpose of study: This study aims to explore 'labyrinth walking,' a lesser-known Christian spiritual practice within the Korean church. Additionally, it intends to propose ways for implementing labyrinth walking through literature reviews encompassing theory and practice. Research content and method: The article begins with its exploration by defining labyrinth walking from a historical perspective. It was a spiritual practice that existed in the Middle Ages, involving the traversal of a labyrinthine shape, typically a single path on the floor, often accompanied by prayer or contemplation. The contemporary spiritual practice of labyrinth walking was recovered and reinterpreted by Christian scholars and spiritual directors during the mid and late twentieth century. Additionally, within Christianity, labyrinth walking, rich with symbolism representing Jesus' suffering and salvation, baptism, pilgrimage, and purification, comprises five essential steps: preparing, walking with prayer or contemplation, remaining in the center, returning, and journaling and sharing. By merging pilgrimage, walking, prayer, and meditation, the practice of walking the labyrinth can enable people to have an opportunity for retreat, to encounter and be accompanied by God, to experience moments of serenity and healing, to reflect on themselves, to create life-transforming resolutions, and to build a sense of community. As a result, many Korean churches should acknowledge the value of and utilize labyrinth walking to nurture faith and spirituality. Conclusions and Suggestions: Accordingly, this paper suggests some practical ways to employ labyrinth walking as a form of prayer, part of a ritual or religious activity, an embodiment of pilgrimage, and a tranquil and nonverbal experience. Furthermore, the study recommends that Korean churches establish proper goals, consider essential principles for labyrinth design and installation, and follow specific guidelines while conducting labyrinth walks.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.82-96
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• 2008

The primary purpose of this research is to examine the career development of under-graduate environmental education program students. More specifically, it intends to understand how they perceive their career prospect, how they prepare for they career and what kind of career development assistance they receive from their school. For most of college students, a primary purpose for attending college is to prepare for a career, but often academic preparation in college is not enough to get the job they aspire. Career preparation becomes even more complex when their major does not dictate any specific career path or when the major does dictate a specific career path but it does not provide sufficient and quality job opportunities. Undergraduate environmental education programs are typical examples of the latter. To illuminate the understanding of the context surrounding undergraduate environmental education program students, semi-structured interviews were conducted through an instance message software program from August 17th, 2007 to August 20th, 2007. The subjects of this study consisted of 4 undergraduate students and 2 graduates of Hangu University (a tentative name). Each participant was interviewed once or twice for about 2 hours each interview. The findings of the study are as follow. First, they maintain a positive attitude regarding the career outlook and the career decision but it is not well founded. Second, career search and career preparation are conducted individually, and their school does not provide much systematic career assistance. Third, they did not see the relevance of the curriculum of their program to their future career. A few preliminary implications for practices related to career development may be drawn from the findings reported in this study. First, undergraduate students in environmental education programs appear to be in need of comprehensive career development assistance ranging from exploration of job opportunities related to majors, to development of job-seeking skills, to general issues of career preparation and choice. Experiential modes of career exploration seem to be helpful in clarifying their interest and aptitude in the area of environmental education. Second, career development assistance for these students should start at early college years. Third, these students may need help in exploring diverse opportunities related to their major as well as other academic areas. Finally, it is recommended to create more careers in the area of environmental education.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the semen characteristic, motility and viability and sperm motion characteristic by CASA test for establishing the Jindo-dog's semen freezing system. The results obtained are as follow: 1. The semen was collected 63 times. Average volume of semen, concentration of sperm, total number of sperm, progressive motility and viability were 3.8 $m\ell$ 145.6$\times$10$^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$, 396.2 x10$^{8}$ cells, 79.7% and 89.5%, respectively. Also, Fawn (Yellow) Jindo-dog comparing with White Jindo-dog showed better concentration of sperm, total number of sperm, progressive motility and viability. Among all dogs, the results of No. 2 Fawn Jindo-dog were the best. 2. The average progressive motility and viability of semen from 46 times were 73.5%, 82.3% before freezing and 51.1%, 64.9% after freezing. So, the freezing of semen has affected the progressive motility and viability. The progressive motility and viability of Fawn Jindo-dog's semen, before and after freezing, were better than White Jindo-dog. And No. 2 Fawn Jindo-dog showed the best results and showed significantly different among all dogs (P<0.05). 3. The 44 times-tested .esults by CASA system were as follow; MOT (motility) 65.6%. PROG (progressive motility) 54.8%, VAP (average path velocity) 75.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/sec, VCL (curve linear velocity) 90.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/sec, VSL (straight-line velocity) 69.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/sec and ALH (amplitude of lateral head displacement) 4.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Although the motion characteristic of frozen semen were not significantly different between White and Fawn Jindo-dog, No. 2 Fawn Jindo-dog showed the best results and was significantly different among all dogs (P<0.05). 4. The success rate of frozen semen production between White and Fawn Jindo-dog were 43% (13/28), 94% (33/35), respectively, and the total success rate was 73% (46/63). The freezing-ability of Fawn Jindo-dog's semen was better than the other. Conclusively, the present results indicated that the characteristic and motility of Jindo-dog') semen were suitable for processing frozen semen, artificial insemination and mass production system. Also, the selection of suitable dog-breed was so important because the characteristic and freezing-ability of semen were significantly different between White and Fawn Jindo-dogs and among all individual dogs.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.177-207
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• 2012

Today's consumers perceive consumption as a representation of themselves. It is not simply an act that fulfills a consumer's physical and practical needs. Even in terms of life quality, consumers increasingly want to achieve an emotional and sensible experience through consumption. Consumers now make decisions based on their need to express their position in relation to other people, pursue emotional satisfaction, and try to improve the quality of life. Culture-art products that meet such internal and external demands of consumers have made significant improvements in both quantity and quality, because of the social interest and policy support. The recognition of personal and social values of culture and arts has brought about interest in and need for culture-art products. Businesses have agilely embraced such change and actively implemented various marketing strategies utilizing culture and arts. For example, businesses began to sponsor artists who produce culture-art products while building facilities for cultural and art performances or exhibitions. Businesses have also provided performances and exhibitions free-of-charge or at affordable prices. As a result, the supply in the market has started to exceed its demand as is often the case in many of other markets. However, such imbalance has occurred not because of over-supply but because of a lack of demand. Given these circumstances, the government and culture and art related organizations, which had mainly concentrated on the supply side, started to recognize the importance of creating personal and social values in culture and arts. As a result, the government and various organizations are now creating various strategies that include policy measures to achieve their new found goal. Unfortunately however, such efforts are not meeting the expectations. Focusing on above-mentioned circumstances and problems, this study aims to find measures to create demand for culture-art products in the internal conditions of those who consume culture-art products. In other words, given that the demand for culture-art products has not increased despite all external conditions to encourage consumption, this study aims to find the reasons in consumers' value judgment on culture-art products. Though there were recent studies on culture-art products that applied consumer behavior on marketing theories, most of them focused on peripheral aspects such as people's motivation for or satisfaction from watching culture-art events. Hence, there is a need to understand what kind of value consumers perceive from culture-art products and how such value cognition leads to consumption in a comprehensive manner. This study acts as follow-up to a separate study entitled "Qualitative Study about Value Cognition and Benefits of Consumer on Culture-Art Products". The current study aims to extend practical implications that enhance the effectiveness of marketing strategies among the producing and policy agencies in the industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate dimensions of value cognition, benefits and attributes of culture-art products, and identify the effects of consumer value cognition on benefits and attributes. The questionnaire was developed based on the conceptual structure of qualitative research and previous researches. It was composed of value cognition, benefits, attributes of culture-art products and demographic variables. This survey was conducted on-line and off-line among a total of 662 persons ranging from their teens to their 50's who were living in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, various metropolitan cities, and small and medium-sized cities. The data collected was analyzed by factor analysis and path analysis using SPSS WIN 18.0 and AMOS 16.0. This empirical study found that the dimensions of value cognition of culture-art products were categorized into personal goods, aesthetic goods and public property. This shows that the consumers perceive culture-art products as products that are worthy enough to pay the costs not just for personal benefits but also for their social values. Also the formation of value cognition for culture-art products requires special conditions unlike that for physical consumer goods and services, which simply require marketing stimuli. The dimensions of benefits pursued by consuming culture-art products were found to be composed of four types - pursuit of aesthetic benefits, pursuit of actual benefits, pursuit of emotional benefits, and pursuit of conspicuous character. This result implies that people consume culture-art products not just to pursue pleasure from emotional and intelligent satisfaction as well as social relations, but also to seek the needs and benefits embodied at a social level. The dimensions of attributes of culture-art products had seven different factors, - environmental, price, evaluation, people, artwork, composition, and personal relations - which is plentiful. This is because the attributes of culture-art products are very complicated compared to other consumer goods or services. Since culture-art products include not just cultural or artistic works but also all physical, human, environmental, and systemic elements of the products in a comprehensive manner, consumers perceive everything they experience in the process of consuming culture-art products as part of the products. The dimensions of value cognition was found to affect attributes of the products, mostly using pursued benefits as a mediating factors. This result is consistent with the result of qualitative research, and proves that applying the means-end chain theory in the reverse direction is reasonable. The result can be interpreted that consumers' value cognitions for culture-art products turns into actual benefits leading to consumers' decisions. Furthermore, this result reveals that when consumers choose culture-art products, they take into account the attributes of culture-art products depending on the benefits they pursue. These results confirm that despite their conceptual and abstract attributes, culture-art products have values that contribute to actual benefits for individual consumers and society. Hence, value cognition generates benefits to be pursued and this in turn affects the consumers' choices of attributes on products. Based on the conceptual structure of consumers' value cognitions on culture-art products and its dimensions, it is possible to find detailed methods to provide opportunities for education and training to form and reinforce positive value cognition on culture-art products. And through those methods, it will be possible to develop attributes of culture-art products according to the dimensions of pursued benefits, and allow conceptual products become the subject to valuable consumption in real life. These results provide theoretical understanding of consumer behavior in culture marketing and useful information to culture-art producers, companies that use culture and art, and government agencies that use culture-art as a mean to improve the public perception of quality of life. As a follow up on this study, there should be experimental studies that can develop criteria visualizing the demands of consumers who purchase culture-art products and identify their detailed attributes. Studies that compare characteristics of different areas within the culture-art product category and in-depth studies on a specific area or genre will also be needed. In order to develop marketing strategies for culture-art products, studies on the formation and reinforcement of positive value cognition on culture-art products and education for the development of consumer demand as well as on the development and differentiation of attributes of culture-art products depending on types of consumer groups should also follow.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.284-309
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• 2007

Technology transfer (TT) consortium is an affiliation of two or more public research institutions (PRIs) that participate in a common technology transfer activity or pool their resources together, with the objective of facilitating technology transfer. Based on empirical analysis of five regional TT consortia (2002-2006) operating in Korea, this paper suggests their effectiveness by employing a TT performance index (TTPI) and identifies possible characteristics involved, such as motivations, facilitators, barriers, and challenges. TTPI devised in the paper is a new composite TT performance index to measure how much the TT performance of a PH changed in a designated year compared to a base year. All the performance indicators of TTPI are well-structured based on the unique TT process that is prevalent in Korea. Further, TTPI can bring different size and focus of PRIs to the same scale for comparison by double-normalizing. The paper tests the effectiveness of TT consortium for the escalation of TT performances in member PRIs by highlighting the differences of TTPI's between 2005 and 2001. As a result, the paper found that the escalation of TTPI for member PRIs was greater than that for non-member PRIs. As for the characteristics of TT consortia, their respective factors obtained by TT expert survey were computed with proportion tests of differences (Z tests) to compare two perspectives between intramural and extramural groups. One of key findings is that there is general homogeneity in stakeholder perspectives regarding motivations, facilitators, barriers, and challenges. Some notable responses are as follow; the most probable motivation to join TT consortium is to share or exchange TT competences for enhanced performance. Second, the most probable facilitator is professional capability of consortium-hired personnel. Third, the foremost probable barriers to effective TT consortium are frequent change of consortium director and passive participation of member PRIs. Lastly, both publicizing TT consortia and developing performance metrics are the most important for the improvement of TT consortia. The understanding of the characteristics of TT consortia increases the likelihood of accelerated success, because TT consortia path from formation to termination encompasses many concepts, processes, principles, and factors. Finally, an analysis of the survey data combined with expert interview and observation data led the authors to derive five conditions as being critical to viable TT consortia in Korea at early stage of technology transfer systems. These conditions include policy infrastructure, proactive participation, excellent professionals, personal motivation, and teaming mechanisms. It is expected that the Korean evidence is a starting point to develop and refine the theory of TT consortia and for additional studies in other countries.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.112-134
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the consumer's expectation before the health care service and the consumer's satisfaction after it. The participants of the study are inpatients in a general hospital located in Seoul. The resources were collected from the self-administration questionnaire survey run parallel with face to face interview. In order to measure the degree of the consumer's expectation, 349 samples were collected from the first questionnaire survey on the date of admission to the hospital. The second questionnaire survey was carried out on the date of discharge to the hospital with the participants responding to the first questionnaire survey. There are 154 samples collected from this survey. The results from the analysis of these resources are as follow. First, the survey shows that one of the highest consumers' expectations was about the generosity, kindliness and sincerity from the staff at the hospital, specially from doctors. Second, according to the analysis of the factors affecting the expectations of the consumers, with regard to path of admission to a hospital relating to patient's features, outpatient who gets into a hospital expected good medical care much more than the other patients. In regard of doctor's features, patients usually and highly expect good medical care from doctors who have good carrier and much experience. Third, according to the second questionnaire survey, what patients are satisfied most with is about the generosity and sincerity from staff at a hospital, especially from doctors and their gem attitudes. The results from survey show that the differences among the degree of consumers' satisfaction are very variable, depending on surrounding environments and facilities. The only fact that expectation didn't meet with satisfaction appeared to the case about technology and skill of medical care and the case about updated medical skills and equipments. Fourth, comparing the degree of expectation with the degree of satisfaction of consumers, correlative analysis was concerned significantly and specifically about the part of overall cleanliness relating to facilities and surrounding environments, the items about medical examination and test plan procedure relating to skill of medical care, professional specialties and convenience for procedure, and the items about satisfying explanations and concern about patients from doctors relating to staff's generosity and sincerity. Fifth, the analysis of the factors affecting the degree of how much patients are satisfied with shows that relating to sociodemographical features, patients are not satisfied with the case when the time and process of medical treatment are getting longer. It is surveyed that consumer were satisfied with the motivation to visit a hospital and the insurance type in patient's feature and so were the medical department and the factor of the degree of the expectation in disease's feature. Sixth, according to analysis based on the survey, patients would join again a hospital when they get satisfaction from the medical care and also they want to come again regarding to doctor's capability. For example, when doctors are old, have a good carrier and much experience, patients would come again. As seen from the above, consumers are usually satisfied with the medical treatment more than that they expected before. They would intend to use again when they get satisfaction from the medical care provided at a hospital. Patients and consumers highly expect good attitude as well as capacity from medical doctors and they are also generally satisfied with those things. Therefore, in order to increase the degree of consumer's satisfaction and their intention to come again, the hospital staff would have to commit themselves to achieve high quality service continuously and would have to make an effort to offer the finest quality service.