• Solar Energy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 1982

The Solar Energy R&D Department of KIER under the auspice of the Korean government is pushing hard on the development of the passive solar technology with high priority for the expeditious widespread use of solar energy in Korea, since the past few years of experiences told us that the active solar technology is not yet ready for massive commercialization in Korea. KIER has completed the construction of the Solar Energy Research & Test Center in Seoul, which houses the major facilities for its all solar test programs. The Center was designed as a passive solar building with great emphasis on the energy conserving ideas. The Center is not only the largest passive building in Korea, but also the exhibit center for the effective demonstration of the passive heating and cooling technology to the Korean public. The Center was designed to satisfy the requirements based on the technical and economical criteria set by the KIER. Careful considerations, therefore, were given in depth in the following areas to meet the requirements. 1) Passive Heating Concepts The Center employed the combination of direct and indirect gain system. The shape of the Center is Balcomb House style, and it included a large built-in sunspace in front. A partition, consists of transparent and translucent glazings, separates the sunspace and the living space. Since most activities in the Center occur during the day time, direct utilization of the solar energy by the living spaces was emphasized with the limited energy storage capacity. 2) Passive Cooling Concepts(for Summer) Natural ventilation concept was utilized throughout the building. In the direct gain portion of the system, the front glazing can be openable during the cooling season. Natural convection scheme was also applied to the front sunspace for the Summer cooling. Reflective surfaces and curtains were utilized wherever needed. 3) Auxiliary Heat ing and Cooling System As an auxiliary cooling system, mechanical means(forced convection system) were adopted. Therefore forced air heating system was also used to match the duct work requirements of the auxiliary cool ing system. 4) Effect ive Insulation & Others These included the double glazed windows, the double entry doors, the night glazing insulation, the front glazing-frame insulation as well as the building skin insulation. All locally available construction materials were used, and natural lightings were provided as much as possible. The expected annual energy savings (compared to the non-insulated conventional building)of the Center was estimated to be about 80%, which accounts for both the energy conservation and the solar energy source. The Center is being instumented for the actual performance tests. The experimental results of the simplified tests are discussed in this paper.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.511-516
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• 2007

Active method MASW(Multi channel Analysis of Surface Waves), which is one of the surface wave exploration methods, has the difficulties to supply enough shear wave velocity log, caused by short spread length and lack of low frequency energy. To make up this defect, the passive method MASW survey is taked and analysised in Daeku subway construction site, Jungpyung-dong Gyeongsan city. The passive method MASW using the microtremor, improve the quality of the overtone record by applying the azimuth correction caused offline sources. And combing with active overtone record which is acquired by same geometry has the benefits of improve shallow depth resolution and extend possible investigation depth. To take the optimized acquisition parameters, the 2m, 4m, and 6m geophone spacing is tested. And 2m spacing overtone image could make the reliable shear wave velocity log.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.277-278
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• 2012

After the introduction of CM(construction management) for improving productability in construction industry, the CM market was shown to actively grow shape until 2007 but suddenly appears passive movement of the market after in 2008. However, on one hand, the CM corporations has increased, because the construction supervision market come to the CM market area by reduction their work place. Because of this, it was discussed that will intensify competition between companies in the CM market. Therefore, this paper want to analyze to status of the CM market structure for studying about the CM industry status and change during last 3 years. As a result, by decreasing the Market concentration, the CM market competition rate did not too high with business despite that CM market downsize and has been increased the number of companies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.222-223
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• 2018

Recent government policies are increasing interest in zero-energy housing, a building that minimizes energy consumption (90% reduction). As the importance of building passive performance is emphasized, the role of insulation is increasing as a way to reduce indoor heat loss in order to minimize the use of cooling and heating energy. There are two main types of insulation. Organic insulation is widely used for various construction structures such as construction and industrial due to some merits such as the convenience of construction and construction cost. However, it has been pointed out as a main cause every time a fire accident occurs, Jecheon Sports Center', the fire damage of buildings caused by the use of organic insulation materials is expanding to social problems, so it is urgent to research on nonflammable inorganic insulation materials.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.71-83
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• 2022

This study is to investigate the degree of field awareness of how each provision of the Serious Disaster Punishment Act will affect accident prevention. As a result of conducting a survey of construction site workers, it was analyzed that construction site workers had a low sense of safety and did not voluntarily engage in safety activities. And it can be seen that they are taking a very passive position that it is efficient to implement safety under the supervision of the supervisor. Workers who need voluntary construction site safety activities are most aware of the situation at the site, but the problem was pointed out as "lack of procedures for listening to opinions and preparing improvement measures" for these problems. Future research is needed to see if this is a problem for individual workers or for those in charge of safety and health who do not correct it even though active opinions have been submitted.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1209-1216
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• 2022

The majority of construction site incidents occur due to a lack of hazard awareness among workers on job sites. This lack of awareness is despite mandatory construction safety training, typically in the form of written content (safety manuals) or of images depicting hazards. To reduce job-site injuries and fatalities, general contractors have started adopting Virtual Reality (VR) to impart safety training to job site personnel. VR safety training can take the form of an immersive simulation comprising potential safety hazards intentionally embedded into a virtual job site; users are required to identify these hazards within a specified time frame with the expectation that they will be more adept at recognizing hazards on an actual job-site, resulting in fewer accidents. This research study seeks to identify the actual impacts of VR on construction safety awareness among participants. The research addresses the following question: Does VR improve hazard recognition awareness? The primary objective is to evaluate participants' performance of past construction safety awareness against present construction safety awareness after receiving VR training. Participants were asked to complete a multiple-choice Qualtrics™ questionnaire. The results of the study showed a statistically significant knowledge gain advantage with respect to hazard recognition and construction safety awareness with the use of interactive, immersive VR over a more conventional and passive safety training method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.122-123
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• 2016

Sulfate anion which cause concrete degradation is affected on marine structures. There are two of control method concrete degradation which is arisen by sulfate anion. Cementitious materials prevent permeation of sulfate anion and water-binder ratio increase to improve watertightness. But, those methods are passive. So, this study is developing new materials which prevent actively concrete degradation on sulfate anion.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.74
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• pp.1-24
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• 2017

This paper investigated -eullanjira sentence as a kind of construction of the Southwestern dialect in Korea. Five informants were selected to form the main corpus of -eullanjira. Through analyzing the corpus, its semantic, syntactic and morphological characteristics were figured out. Firstly, a view of construction grammar was adopted to capture the semantic and syntactic characteristics of -eullanjira. The construction of -eullanjira was established as "Xdo Yeullanjira Z". Syntactically, -do was found to be a common auxiliary particle, which allowed nouns, adverbs, verbs and adjectives to appear at the position of X, while only verbs and adjectives could appear at the position of Y. Subject-honorific, causative and passive prefinal endings could coexist with Y, while tense and modal prefinal endings could not. Z was an embedded clause, which had the semantic feature of [-DOUBT], meaning 'it should be done undoubtedly'. The formation of -eullanjira was next examined both diachronically and synchronically. It was found there was a conjuntive ending of Middle Korean, corresponding -eullanjira, namely, -landai. Finally, -eullanjira was newly analyzed as [[-eulla-]+[-n-ji-ra]].

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.439-444
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• 2011

As construction projects have been getting larger and more complex, a single individual or organization cannot have complete knowledge or the abilities to handle all matters. Collaborative practices among heterogeneous individuals, which are temporarily congregated to carry out a project, are required in order to accomplish project objectives. These organizational knowledge creation processes of project teams should be understood from the active and dynamic viewpoint of how they create information and knowledge rather than from the passive and static input-process-output sequence. To this end, agent-based modeling and simulation which is built from the ground-up perspective can provide the most appropriate way to systematically investigate them. In this paper, agent-based modeling and simulation as a research method and a medium for representing theory is introduced. To illustrate, an agent-based simulation of the evolution of collaboration in large-scale project teams from a game theory and social network perspective is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2013

Laboratory pullout tests were conducted to evaluate pullout performance of steel strip reinforcements with deformed steel bars as transverse members. The steel strip reinforcement has an installation hole to assemble a deformed steel bar. Jumunjin standard sand is used to form a relative density of ground model to 80%. Frictional resistance of steel strip reinforcement without transverse member increases sharply at the initial displacement and quickly decreases with displacement. Maximum frictional resistance increases linearly as normal pressure increasing, and soil-reinforcement interaction friction angle(${\rho}_{peak}$) of a steel strip reinforcement is estimated to $14.64^{\circ}$. Passive resistance increases with displacement and converge into maximum passive resistance in most cases. Maximum passive resistance increases linearly as normal pressure increasing irrespective of shape of the steel reinforcement. Pullout force of steel strip reinforcements with installation holes or transverse members largely increases about 4 to 7 times compared to frictional resistance force of steel strip reinforcements when embedment length($L_e$) of steel strip reinforcements is 500 mm. In the case of using 2 transverse members, interference effect is observed due to the spacing of 2 transverse members and location of assembly holes and transverse members.