• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2012

Ely's test is commonly used to assess rectus femoris muscle flexibility. however, a reliability limit of this test was demonstrated by a previous study. In this study, we present an alternative method using an application for a digital horizontal level in a smartphone (DHLS) to complement the reliability limit of Ely's test. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of Ely's test using DHLS on the pelvis, compared to using visual observation (VO) of pelvic and hip motions. Nineteen patients with lumbar extension-rotation syndrome were recruited for this study. An examiner examined the rectus femoris flexibility (both pass/fail and goniometer scoring) through Ely's test using both DHLS and VO. A retest session was completed two hours later for within-day reliability and seven days later for between-day intra-rater test-retest reliability. Results showed higher Kappa values for pass/fail scoring and higher intraclass correlation coefficient values for goniometer scoring in Ely's test using DHLS, compared to using VO. Measurement error and Bland and Altman plots further demonstrated the degree of intra-rater variance during Ely's test using DHLS in a clinical setting, compared to using VO. These results demonstrated that Ely's test using DHLS showed acceptable reliability compared to using VO. Ely's test using DHLS could be widely used for measuring the rectus femoris muscle flexibility in patients with lumbar extension-rotation syndrome, although the inter-rater reliability needs to be established first.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.504-511
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• 2003

Environmental noise at high intensities directly affects human health by causing hearing loss. Although scientific evidence currently is not conclusive, noise is suspected of causing or aggravating other diseases. Environmental noise indirectly affects human welfare by interfering with sleep, thought, and conversation. Noise emission from motorized vehicle includes power unit noise, tire/pavement noise and aerodynamic noise. Among them, tire/pavement noise is noise emission from interaction of the tire and road surface when the vehicle cruises over the surface of pavement. In general, portland cement concrete(PCC) pavement is known to create more noise than asphaltic surfaces though it has the advantage of durability and superior surface friction. However, the results of preliminary laboratory test showed exposed aggregate concrete(EAC) has and effect on reducing tire/pavement noise. Based on the laboratory test. pilot construction of exposed aggregate concrete pavement was completed and series of in-situ measurements were conducted for noise analysis including the pass-by noise measurement and the close-proximity method. Conclusively, it is expected that tire/pavement noise represent significant portion of noise levels at higher frequencies and it would be reduced on special textures of pavement such as exposed aggregate concrete.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.450-451
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• 2008

Most of the transmission lines in Korea pass through a mountains. The forest fire occurred in around the transmission lines make an accident such as flashover and faults in the power transmission lines. In spite of that risk, there are no research on the flashover characteristics by fires in electric discharge engineering in our country. Therefore, by studying flame's electrical conductivity, the paper recommended measures that can minimize transmission line's flashover accidents in the future, which can be caused by forest fire in a region where transmission lines pass through.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of core stability training on postural control and balance of hemiplegia patients who are difficult to control posture due to stroke. Methods : Subjects of the study were consisted of 25 adult hemiplegia patients(experimental 12, control 13) who were receiving rehabilitation therapy in hospital. Its group had a core stability training program by a physical therapists for 40 minutes, five times a week for nine-week period. Measurements of postural assessment scale for stroke(PASS), berg balance scale(BBS) and manual function test(MFT) were evaluated at initial presentation(pretest) and after completion of the each therapy program(posttest). Independent t-test and paired t-test was utilized to detect the mean difference between the groups. Results : Firstly, the result of PASS showed that postural control was significantly increased after the completion of core stability training(p<.01). Secondly, the result of BBS showed that balance control was significantly increased after the completion of core stability training(p<.01) and general physical therapy(p<.01). Lastly, the result of MFT showed that upper extremity's motor function was significantly increased after the completion of core stability training(p<.001). Conclusions : This study showed that core stability training is an effective treatment strategy on postural control, balance and upper extremity's motor function.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2010

In GMAW processes, bead geometry is a criterion to estimate welding quality. Bead geometry is affected by welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, shielding gas and so on. Thus the welding condition has to be selected carefully. In this paper, an experimental method for the selection of optimal welding condition was proposed in the root pass welding which was done along the GMA V-grooved butt weld joint. This method uses the response surface analysis in which the width and height of back bead were chosen as the quality variables of the weld. The overall desirability function, which is the combined desirability function for the two quality variables, was used as the objective function for getting the optimal welding condition. Through the experiments, the target values of the back bead width and the height were chosen as 4mm and 1mm respectively for the V-grooved butt weld joint. From a series of welding test, it was revealed that a uniform weld bead can be obtained by adopting the optimal welding condition which was determined according to the method proposed.

• Composites Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 저속 충격에서 충격 속도에 따른 금속복합재료의 동적 거동을 연구하였다. 시험에 사용된 재료는 모재로 AC8A와 보강재로 알루미나($Al_2O_3$)와 탄소를 사용하였으며 용탕 주조법을 이용하여 금속복합재료를 제조하였다. 금속복합재료에는 15%의 부피분율을 가진 알루미나 예비성형체와 알루미나와 탄소를 각각 12%와 3% 사용한 혼합 에비성형체가 사용되었다. 제조된 금속복합재료는 인장 시험과 진동 시험을 통해 인장 강도와 탄성계수를 구하였으며, 저주파 여파기(low pass filter)와 계장화 충격 시험기를 이용하여 충격 속도에 따른 금속복합재료의 충격 거동을 연구하였다. 저주파 여파기를 이용함으로써 충격 속도에 관계없이 안정적인 실험치를 확보할 수 있었다. 충격 속도의 증가에 따라 모재와 금속복합재료의 충격에너지는 증가하였으나, 동적인성치는 일정한 값을 보였다. 충격 속도가 증가할수록 충격에너지 중 균열전파에너지의 향상이 두드러졌으며, 재료의 변형량이 증가하였다. 충격에너지 중 균열개시에너지와 동적파괴인성치의 관계를 설명하기 위하여 변형율 에너지와 노치에서의 응력 분포를 이용하여 간단한 모델을 제시하였으며, 이로부터 균열개시에너지는 동적 파괴 인성치의 자승에 비례하고 탄성계수에 반비례하는 것을 보였다.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2007

A rolling speed dependent spread model is proposed for predicting the exit cross sectional shape in oval-round (or round-oval) pass rod rolling process when the rolling speed is very high. The effect of rolling speed on the exit cross sectional shape is measured by performing a four-pass continuous high speed (${\sim}80m/s$) rod rolling test and is described in terms of the spread correction parameter. The validity of the model is examined by applying it to rod rolling process at POSCO No.3 Rod Mill. The cross sectional shapes of workpiece predicted by the proposed model coupled with the surface profile prediction $method^{6}$ are in good agreement with those obtained experimentally.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.306-309
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• 2009

The influence of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) route on dynamic deformation behavior of ultra-fine grained Al-4.4%Mg alloys was investigated in this study. The 8-pass ECAPed specimens consisted of ultra-fine grains of $0.5{\mu}m$ in size, and contained the considerable amount of second phase particles, which were fragmented and distributed homogeneously in the matrix. The result of dynamic torsional tests indicated that the maximum shear stress and fracture shear strain were lowest in the specimen deformed by ECAP via route A among the 8-pass ECAPed specimens. The formation of adiabatic shear bands was addressed by concepts of critical shear strain, deformation energy required for void initiation, and microstructural homogeneity related to ECAP routes.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was to compare the difference Trunk Control Test(TCT), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke(PASS-TC), and Trunk Impairment Scale(TIS) and its subscales in relation to the difference MBI(Modified Barthel Index), BBS(Berg Balance Scale), and to establish the association between MBI, BBS, Fugl Meyer-motor function(FM-M), and to predict MBI-subscales from the variables. Methods : 58 stroke patients, attending a rehabilitation programme, participated in the study. Trunk control was measured with the use of the TCT, PASS-TC, TIS, and the performance of Activities daily living was obtained by MBI, and dynamic balance ability(by BBS). Trunk control scores from the difference MBI, BBS were compared using the 1-way ANOVA(Mann Whitney U test) and the data were analyzed using Pearson product correlation. Multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for ADL subscale. Results : Trunk control scores showed significant differences between MBI(F=2.139~13.737, p<.05~.001), BBS(t=3.491~7.705, p<.01~.001). It was significantly related with value of the MBI(r=.25~.50), BBS(r=.38~.68), FMM( r=.31~.48). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed an additional, significant contribution of the TCT, in addition to the PASS-TC, dynamic sitting balance subscale of the TIS for measures of MBI subscales. Conclusion : Measures of trunk control were significantly related with values of MBI, BBS score, so the management of trunk rehabilitation after stroke should be emphasized. The use of both quantitative and qualitative scales was shown to be a good measuring instrument for the classification of the general performance of the stroke patients. Further study about trunk control is needed using a longitudinal study design.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.179-182
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• 2000

The dynamic softening behavior of type 430 ferritic stainless steel could be characterized by the hot torsion test in the temperature range of 900-110$0^{\circ}C$ and the strain rate range of 0.05-5/sec. It is found that the continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) was a major dynamic softening mechanism. The effects of process variables strain ($\varepsilon$) stain rate($\varepsilon$)and temperature (T) on CDRX could be individually established from the analysis of flow stress curves and microstructure. The effect of CDRX individually established from the analysis of flow stress curves and microstructure. The effect of CDRX increased with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature in continuous deformation. The multipass deformation processes were performed with 10 pass deformations. The CDRX effect occurred in multipass deformatioon. The grain refinement could be achieved from multipass deformation The grain refinement increased with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. Also the CDRX in multipass deformation was affected by interpass time and pass strain. The total strain was to be found key parameter to occur CDRX.