• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.765-777
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 대기오염물질 중에서 주목을 받고 있는 분진 직경이 10마이크로미터 (micrometer) 이내의 것을 대상으로 실제로 증가하는지 감소하는지를 알아보기 위하여 교락 요인을 제외한 분진을 대상으로의 순수한 장기 추세를 연구하였다. 자료는 1996년에서 2000년까지 서울시의 기상 변수들 (최대기온, 평균습도, 최대풍속, 일사량)과 27지점에서 얻은 분진 직경이 10마이크로미터 이내의 것을 이용한다. 이 자료를 이용하여 분진과 비선형 관계를 보이는 기상 변수들의 회귀 스플라인을 이용하여 계절성을 통제한 일반화 부가모형을 세웠다. 그 결과 증가가 아닌 감소하는 순수 장기 추세를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.57-75
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• 2020

Particular matter is steadily increasing due to environmental factors at domestic and abroad such as industry and economy. Recently, the exposure particular matters has been reported to increase the risk not only for morbidity and mortality, but also for diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system and central nervous system/neuropsychiatric disorder. Although the causes of neuropsychiatric diseases are genetic and environmental factors, it is necessary to pay more attention to environmental factors in terms of prevention. We mainly describe environmental factors that affect neuropsychiatric disorders, mainly on particular matter, which is one of harmful environmental substances. In the current study, we reviewed evidence for the presence of particular matter or particular matter related harmful air pollutants-O₃, SO₂, NO₂/NOx, traffic related air pollution, that may represent risk factors for the development of neuropsychiatric disorder.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1335-1341
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• 2011

Conserving clean air and removing contaminants and particular matters accumulated in the ventilation system of the subway stations are key issue for green railway environment. There is no national guideline or industrial regulations to sustain clean duct and ventilation system, which requires rapid reformation of cleaning procedure and system. In fact, accumulated various particular matters and dusts can occur secondary air contamination and become a primary health harm factor for subway passengers. This study investigates various duct cleaning technologies and trends. In additon, effective cleaning method with an automated robot device is proposed. In particular, current dust cleaning technologies and duct cleaning robots are analyzed based on their functions and feasibilities. The proposed design of automated device is expected to save the operating cost of subway HVAC system and sustain clean air environment.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.143-164
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• 2016

본고는 계약의 형식요건과 관련한 PICC상의 서면요건, 특정사항에 및 특정형식에 의한 합의를 조건으로 하는 계약의 성립, 일부의 계약조건이 의도적으로 미정인 계약, 통합조항, 특정형식에 의한 변경 등에 관한 법적 기준과 판결례를 통해 법적 시사점과 유의점을 추론한 논문이다. 승낙의 의사표시에 있어 계약교섭단계에서의 합의를 기초로 서면확약조건과 다른 추가 또는 변경사항은 계약의 일부를 구성하며, 서면확약의 수령자가 침묵과 무위에 임한 경우 당초 합의내용을 중대하게 변경하지 않는 한, 이는 승낙으로 취급된다. 다만 수령인이 부당한 지체 없이 그 조건에 반대하지 않아야 한다. 계약교섭 단계에서 일방이 특정사항 또는 형식으로 합의되기까지 계약이 체결되지 아니한다고 선언한 경우 특정사항 또는 특정형식으로 합의가 이루어지지 않는 한 계약은 체결되지 아니한다. 계약당사자가 계약체결의 의도를 가지고 일부 미결정내용을 추후 합의하거나 또는 제3자가 결정하도록 한 경우 이는 계약의 성립에 영향을 미치지 아니한다. 중대하지 않은 사안, 합의내용의 확정성 정도, 미결정내용의 성격상 추후 확정될 수 있는 사항과 연관되어 있다는 사실, 합의사항이 일부 이행과정에 있다는 사실 등이 결정기준으로 기능한다. 또한 서면에 의해 계약을 체결한 당사자는 추후 계약의 수정 또는 종료가 서면 또는 특정형식에 의한다는 사실을 확약할 목적으로 특별조항을 계약내용에 포함할 수 있다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to determine the influence of physical evidence's performance on perception of value at family restaurants in Seoul. Frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, reliability analysis, factor analysis, multiregression analysis were employed to analyze the data. The physical evidence was divided into 3 factors. Factor 1, 'matters related to appearances and decoration'; and Factor 3, matters related to atmosphere' differed significantly with monthly pocket money. However, all factors differed significantly by partner. Additionally, all factors positively(+) influenced customer's perception of value. In particular, factor 1, 'matters related to appearances and decoration' was the most positive factor. As a result, physical evidence can be regarded as efficient marketing tactic by which the intangible factors of restaurant-business may be removed. Therefore, food-service companies should endeavor to manage physical evidence ideally as a means of reducing the negative characteristics of service toward customers and inducing customers perceptions of value at family restaurants.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2003

The critical current value of Bi-2223/Ag tape can be influenced by various factors. In particular, it was known that properties of precursor powders could affect the formation of Bi -2223 and grain growth rate of the same. Since, moistures and organic matters can easily contaminate the precursor powders of Bi-2223 tapes and degrade properties of superconductors, the precursor powders should be kept in optimal conditions to minimize contamination. In this study, the effect of moisture and organic matters has been investigated. A Bi-2223/Ag tape contaminated with a large amount of moisture and organic matter has been characterized by low critical current values and bubbling. It has been found that as the quantity of moisture increases, the Bi-2223 phases are formed at lower temperature and the amount of non-superconducting phase increases.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Purpose - As economic activities between different countries have rapidly spread in a world of free trade, it is inevitable that a large volume of cargo will be carried between countries. It is natural, then, that CO2 emissions and other environmental pollutions have followed, which exposes people and society to serious environmental problems and social costs, and so on. Therefore, the need to understand logistics is not only a matter of transportation but also an environmentally oriented matter. The purpose of this study is to look at some lessons and implications from the European case in terms of green logistics matters. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to look into this matter, first, it has to be established that some cargo transport volumes using different transportation modes have clearly declined because of previous economic recessions. Some transport policies produced by the European Union (EU) are based in a long history of struggling to cope with transport matters in European countries. In its recent transport policies, the EU has provided greener transportation alternatives, realizing that pollution matters affect the European transport market. This study tries to determine what policies the EU has implemented to deal with green logistics matters. This study concentrates in particular on the Marco Polo program in the EU. Results - This study found that the EU seems to consider these kinds of matters, that is, transport and the environment in the context of green logistics. The EU launched some policy instruments to solve this matter relatively earlier than other countries and reviewed them as necessary. In order to make these policy tools work, the EU provided PACT for combined transport, and then the Marco Polo I and II European transport white paper packages. These European policies deal with green logistics matters in two ways. First, some restrictions have been imposed, especially taxation, and so on. Transport subsidies are also powerful means of handling green logistics matters in Europe. Along with these two means of dealing with transport and the environment, the EU eventually targeted integration of different transport modes. Instead of employing only a single transport instrument mode to deliver the cargo to be carried, such as trucking, rail, ocean-going carrier, flight, or inland waterway transport, the EU has proposed that combining transport modes is the best alternative for transport and the environment. That is, the EU is pursuing the adoption of multimodalism as an answer to the green logistics challenge as it provides a more cost efficient and more productive means of transport. Conclusions - In conclusion, multimodal transport should be considered when applying green logistics, as it can provide an alternative way to achieve transport and environmental solutions together at the present time. Two methods can be used to encourage multimodal transport: restrictions and subsidies. These are the lessons and implications from European green logistics policies.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2021

The demand for truck bus radial (TBR) tires with enhanced fuel efficiency and wear resistance have grown in recent years. In addition, as the issue of particulate matter and air pollution increases, efforts are being made to reduce the generation of particulate matter. In this study, the properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) containing a silica-friendly functional group were evaluated by considering it as a base rubber and varying the silica ratio in this binary filler system. The results showed that the wear resistance of the NR/BR blend compound decreased as the silica ratio increased. In contrast, the ENR/BR blend compound exhibited an increase in wear resistance as the silica ratio was increased. In particular, the ENR-50/BR blend compound showed the best wear resistance due to the presence of several epoxide groups. Furthermore, we observed that for tan 𝛿 at 60℃, higher epoxide content resulted in the higher T_g of the rubber, indicating a higher tan 𝛿 at 60℃. On the other hand, it was confirmed that increasing the silica ratio decreased the value of tan 𝛿 at 60℃ in all compounds. In addition, we measured the amount of wear particulate matters generated from the compound wear. These measurements confirmed that in the binary filler system, regardless of the filler type, the quantity of the generated wear particulate matters as the filler-rubber interaction increased. In conclusion, the silica filled ENR/BR blend compound exhibited the lowest generation of wear particulate matters.

• 한국도시환경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2018

본 연구는 영산강 수계에 위치한 하천의 표층 퇴적물 중 유기물과 영양염류들의 농도 분포와 오염도를 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 표층 퇴적물 시료는 2015년부터 2016년까지 2년 동안 하천 중 본류 12개 및 지류 4개 지점으로부터 채취하여 입도와 유기물(Ignition Loss, COD, TOC) 및 영양염류(TN, TP, SRP)를 분석하여 평가하였다. 입도 분포는 상류와 하류로 구분하여 모래와 양질사토가 우세하였으나, 상류에 보가 설치된 MS3와 MS6 지점의 경우 각각 양질사토와 미사양토로 나타났다. 상관성 평가 결과, 유기물 항목들은 입도들과 강한 상관관계를 보인 반면 TN을 제외한 영양염류 항목들은 약하게 나타났다. 유기물 및 영양염류 농도의 분포 특성은 상류보다 하류 그리고 보가 설치된 지점들에서 높았고, 특히 MS3 지점의 TP 농도는 상반기보다 하반기에 높은 특성을 보였다. 국내외 오염기준과 비교 평가한 결과, 유기물 및 영양염류 항목들은 전 지점들에서 심각한 오염상태가 아닌 것으로 평가되었다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2015

This paper deals with architectural activities related to Korean society in Jichang district in North East China, focused on the articles of Manseon-ilbo published there during the Japanese colonial period. Construction-related contents in the area closely connected with topical interest, publicity, and enlightenment as a local media source provide positive grounds about pending issues in colonial situations. This paper handles with articles issued in the 1940's newspapers just before the Pacific War. At that time Japanese enter in the Chinese continent, and construct a stable basis in the intimate association with Germany and Italy, countering against the United State. Among articles regarding architecture, most of contents are based on healthcare and public facilities, and urban planning. Overwhelmingly the most popular articles are about new constructions of educational facilities and residential matters. The shortage of goods and the excessive concentration of population resulted in urban and house problems, which were particularly much more serious in Korea society. Such social atmosphere made all activities regarding building constructions, in particular educational facilities, in civil level rather than the helps of the Japanese colonial government. Thus, through education and house matters we can read a slice of Korean society to survive in the colonial environment of Jichang district.