• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권4호
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• pp.479-488
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• 2022

Aiming to examine different failure patterns in multistory URM walls, two 1/3 scaled three-story and three-bay URM models were designed for the quasi-static loading tests to contrastively investigate the failure processes and characteristics of the multistory URM walls. Two different failure responses were observed with special attention paid to the behavior of spandrel-failure mode. By evaluating the seismic performance and deformation behavior of two test walls, it is demonstrated that spandrels, that haven't been properly designed in some codes, are of great significance in the failure of entire URM walls. Additionally, compared with pier-failure mode, spandrel-failure for multistory URM building is more reasonable and advisable as its effectively participation in energy dissipation and its efficiently improvement on seismic capacity and deformation in the overall structure. Furthermore, the experimental results are beneficial to improve seismic design and optimize reinforcement method of URM buildings.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.80-98
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• 2006

This study originated from following questions. What can we understand the conception of deconstruction, which has been the core idea of new discourses developed in various ways since modernism? How can this question be interpreted in landscape design? What is the conceptional frame of integration the prominent hybrid post-genre movements and phenomena? The frame can be epitomized with the deconstruction phenomenon. 'Deconstruction' is the core conception appeared in late or post-modern ages in the embodiment of modernity and can be viewed as an integrating or a hybrid phenomenon between areas or genres in formative arts. Therefore, the author regards the hybrid movements widely witnessed in the post contemporary formative arts as one of the most important indicators of de-constructive signs. It is safe to say that the phenomenon of this integration or hybridism, of course, does not threaten the identity of landscape design but serves as an opportunity to extend the areas of landscape design. One of the consequences of this integration or hybridism is the voluntary participation of users who have been alienated in the production of the meanings of design works and hybrid landscape design with the hybridization of genres that is characterized with transformation in forms. This view is based on the distinction between hybridization of interactions between the designer (the subject) and the user (the object), and hybridization of synesthesia. Generally speaking, this is an act of destroying boundaries of the daily life and arts. At the same time, it corresponds to vanishing of modern aesthetics and emerging of post-contemporary aesthetics which is a new aesthetic category like sublimeness. This types of landscape design tries to restore humans' sensibility and perceptions restrained by rationality and recognition in previous approach and to express non-materialistic characteristics with precaution against excessive materialism in the modern era. In light of these backgrounds, the study aims to suggest the hybrid concept and to explorer a new landscape design approach with this concept, in order to change the design structure from 'completed' or 'closed' toward 'opened' and to understand the characteristics of interactions between users and designs. This new approach is expected to create an open-space integrating complexity and dynamics of users. At the same time, it emphasizes senses of user' body with synesthesia and non-determination. The focus is placed on user participation and sublimity rather than on aesthetic beauty, which kind of experience is called simulacre. By attaching importance to user participation, the work got free from the material characteristics, and acceptance from the old practice of simple perception and contemplation. The boundaries between the subject and object and the beautiful and ordinary, from the perspective of this approach, are vanished. Now everything ordinary can become an artistic work. Western dichotomy and discrimination is not effective any more. And there is 'de-construction' where there is perfect equality between ordinary daily life and beautiful arts. Thus today's landscape design pays attention to the user and uses newly perceived sensitivity by pursing obscure and unfamiliar things rather than aesthetic beauty. Space is accordingly defined to take place accidentally as happening and event, not as volume of shape. It's the true way to express spatiality of landscape design. That's an attempt to reject conventional concepts about forms and space, which served as the basis for landscape design, and to search for new things.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2018

The Korean environmental impact assessment(EIA) system, and explored ways to improve it as a more efficient and viable institution relevant to the demand of our time and conditions in study. The first problem this study identified is found in the fact that the party to write up the assessment report is itself the business operator or the one who is planning to work out the business plan. This structure translates into placing an order with an agent for EIA report. The reporting job may br subcontracted to the agent at a cost far below the rate specified in the 'Standard for Estimate of Agency Fee for Environmental Impact Assessment.' This practice also causes the vicious circle of producing a report that is written to justify the project or business in question or it leads to rough-and ready and poor documentation to minimize the time required. Second, in order to achieve the goal of the plan or business, which is the target of EIA, the local residents tend to ve regarded as an obstacle. This means elimination of the local people from participating in the EIA or their opinion being frequently ignored. This is the seed of distrust and hostility that sometimes provoke disagreements or fierce conflicts. The first proposal to improve these problem is to improve the factors that cause poor documentation of the assessment report as well as improve the understanding of the EIA system. This study proposes the following measures for improvement. The agency cost for EIA should be paid by the business operator or a third party that can ensure faithful implementation of the payment. A system should be established to verify transparent estimation of the agency cost. In order to enhance the professional quality of EIA agents, there should be implementation of qualification test for industrial engineer of related engineers in addition to the current EIA Qualification Test. The second proposal for improvement is to improve the citizen participation process by instituting a legal framework to make clear the purpose of the briefing session for local residents, which is held as a procedure of EIA, and to ensure more positive publicity during the stage of listening to the opinion of the local community. For a smooth and rational communication process, a moderator and a communicator of opinion, as is the case in a public hearing, could be instituted to clearly get the purpose of the briefing session across to the residents and to help to carry out the explanation and Q & A sessions according to the categories of the opinion of the residents. At present, the notification of the public inspection of the draft of the assessment report and briefing session for the residents is made on the newspaper and internet network. But some people have difficulty with access to this method of announcement. A higher participation rate could be secured if a legal provision is added to specify putting up placards in specific places such as the entrance to the place for the briefing session for residents or the building of administrative agencies of the area concerned.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제68권2호
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• pp.233-256
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• 2016

본 연구는 성소수자들을 대상으로 성소수자 커뮤니티 참여경험을 통한 의미본질을 탐색하고자 하는 목적에서 성소수자 커뮤니티에 진입하고자 하는 이유와 커뮤니티 활동경험을 통해 나타나는 본질적 의미구조에 대해 살펴보고자 했다. 본 연구의 참여자는 성소수자 8명이었으며 자료 수집은 심층 면접을 통해 이루어졌다. 연구자료는 Giorgi의 현상학적 방법론을 바탕으로 분석되었다. 연구 결과 성소수자들의 참여는 13개의 의미단위와 6개의 도출된 주제, 3개의 본질적 주제로 나타났으며, 그 주제는 '채워지지 않는 목마름', '오아시스라는 또 다른 세계', '나는 진정한 이반!'으로 나타났다. 그리고 본질적 주제를 바탕으로 연구 참여자들의 공통된 본질의 의미는 '영혼의 디아스포라' 로 도출되었다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 성소수자 커뮤니티의 발전 방향을 다음과 같이 모색해 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 성소수자 커뮤니티간의 상호 교류를 활성화함으로써 상호보완을 통해 커뮤니티 발전에 기여해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 커뮤니티 활동에 있어서 보다 다양한 사람들이 참여하고 그 욕구가 반영될 수 있도록 성소수자 중에서도 다양성을 고려되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 사회복지 현장에서 성소수자 커뮤니티가 소외된 집단으로 머물러 있지 않도록 성소수자 커뮤니티에 대한 올바른 지식 바탕으로 한 관심과 지원 및 교류가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국가족복지학
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• 제57호
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• pp.217-253
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• 2017

본 연구는 초등학생 저학년 자녀를 둔 다문화 부모가 부모교육의 개발과 진행과정에 참여함에따른 부모교육의 개발 및 운영과정을 살펴보고, 프로그램의 성과 및 성과요인을 살펴보고자하였다. 이를 위해 프로그램 개발 및 운영과정에 대한 사례연구를 수행하여 심층면접, 문서자료 검토 등의 방법을 통해 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 다문화 부모교육은 프로그램 기획, 진행, 종결의 3단계로 진행되었으며, 진행단계마다 부모들의 참여를 통해 의견을 반영하는 과정으로 운영되었다. 다문화 부모교육 프로그램의 성과로는 '부모로서의 성장', '새로운 다문화 형성', '지지체계 형성' 이라는 3개의 상위범주와 8개의 하위범주로 나타났다. 또한 성과 도출요인으로 '당사자 주도형 프로그램 개발', '부모 참여형 프로그램의 구성과 운영', '유연한 집단운영구조의 활용', '당사자 및 연구진, 운영진 간 긴밀한 상호교류와 소통' 등으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 기반으로 향후 실천현장에서 효과적인 다문화 부모교육 프로그램 개발 및 운영을 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.68-83
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• 2008

본 연구는 조선시대의 읍성과 내부 구조가 가장 잘 복원되어 있는 전라남도 순천시의 낙안읍성을 사례로 조선초에 나타난 읍치의 이동과 신읍치의 입지 구조 경관의 특징을 분석해 보았다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 낙안군의 읍치는 1424년 현재의 보성군 벌교읍 고읍리에서 순천시 낙안면 낙안읍성으로 옮겼다. 둘째, 신읍치인 낙안읍성은 입지 구조 경관 등에서 수도인 한양을 거의 그대로 모방하였는데, 중앙 정부의 관여에 의해 철저히 계획적으로 건설되었기 때문으로 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 1451년까지도 낙안군의 토착세력은 신읍치인 낙안읍성을 부정하고 싶어했으며, 1400년대 후반까지도 구읍치의 관성이 강하게 남아 있었다. 넷째, 1700년대 이후의 자료에는 조선시대 읍치의 전형적인 상징 논리인 풍수적 경관이 확실하게 체계화되어 있었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2008

The study analyzes divorce rates in Korea and makes suggestions for the future research of divorce rates. Based on the data from Korea Statistical Information System (KOSIS) of the National Statistics Organization, trends for divorce rates change and the relations between divorce rates and macro environmental factors are analyzed. Macro environmental factors include socioeconomic factors such as, Korean War, Vietnam War, oil shock, IMP economic crisis and gross national income (GNI), whereas demographical factors include population structure, rates of female labor participation, and geographical location. The principle characteristics of divorce rates are as follows: 1) the Crude divorce rates (CDR) and the number of divorced had been increased from 1970 to 2004, then the trend changed to a decrease; 2) the slope of the change were the highest during 1998 to 2004 after the IMP economic crisis. The relations between socioeconomic factors are as follows: 1) during the war there was a small increase of CDR for a short period of time; 2) the economic crisis of the nation tend to increase the CDR, while the IMP economic crisis had a strong impact on an increase of CDR because of the interaction effect among the population structure, women's sex role changes as well as the level of standard of living. The increase in CDR from 1990 to 2000 can be explained partly by the population of baby Boomers passing through their marriage and divorce process. The number of population residing in the rural area and the middle class households, and the mobility of population also had an impact on the divorce rates changes. The recommendations for the future research were as follows: 1) the need to develop new divorce statistics that are based on a marriage cohort or a birth cohort because family behavior is a mixture of personal, social and political responses, and because CDR is not an accurate measure of divorce rate since it was influenced by population structure; 2) the need to include micro personal factors as well as macro social factors in a model to find an interaction effect between those variables.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

The variety of learners include students with disabilities and general students, and an ongoing focus of inclusive education research is non-discrimination. As part of integrated education, UDL (Universal Design for Learning) for students with disabilities supports a practical approach, participation, and advancement to improve learning opportunities for all students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using UDL in science classes. The dependent variables of this study were academic achievement in science, scientific attitude, and scientific motivation. In this study, the experimental groups were 9 people in the 5th grade and 11 people in 6th grade. The experimental groups were taught science class using UDL. In order to analyze the learning outcomes, the structure equation model was performed. The results of this study were as follows: First, the science achievement of learning outcomes of the science class applying UDL directly affected both scientific attitude and scientific motivation. Second, the scientific attitude of learning outcomes of the science class applying UDL directly did not affect scientific motivation. According to these results, learning outcomes for science achievement of the science class applying UDL showed that UDL affected both general students and students with disabilities. To summarize the analysis of learning outcomes, science achievement directly affected both scientific attitude and scientific motivation while scientific attitude did not affect scientific motivation. This study offered a specific implementation method for integrated education. Using the structure equation model for analyzing the effect has more significance.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is to understand the importance and structure of underwear which is the closest cloth to the body. Scope of this research is from middle of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century. Firstly, I studied background of the times and change of women's status and duty. Secondly, I examined the outer garment closely by the ideal beauty of each period based on the study, and thirdly I looked into structure ways of underwear. Then lastly, I took a close look about the relation of outer garment and underwear, comparing with and researching both. I studied this research, focusing on corset, crinoline and bustle based on main characters such as reform and transform among several functions of underwear. The research results are such as follows. First of all, when women's social and economic status was subjected to men, women had worn corset and fashionable dresses even though there was many object movements and vices in women's garment. Secondly, according to those movements, the ideal beauty had changed little in the same sort emphasizing on breast and hip. Thirdly, structure method of underwear changed by ideal beauty and shape of outer garment. Due to increasing sports participation, improvement of women's position, achievement of practical use, women used more drawers and stopped wearing hoop. And the weight of underwear like combination and suspender attached to corset had decreased and advanced into the more practical way. Because of industrialization, function seemed to be granted by technology development, social position change of femininity.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.185-191
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• 1999

In a mean time, arrangement of a arable land is lead by government with same way, same type. It means that there are no considering on characteristic features of region and aspect of ecological environment that can experess its natural charactersistics. Because whenever there is needed to be arranging , most of structure are made by a ward office from a desgin to a execution so that cause many public resentment and durability is very short by a inappropriateness its maintenance. The purpose of this study is divided into four parts ; First, to form the naturally favorable waterside spaces by performing the basic water controlling funtions of the irrigation channel and the drainage channel. Second, to provide the meeting place of the residents and to restrore the ecological system by means of the formation of the naturally favorable waterside spaces. Third, to lead to the optimal design and maintenance that residents want by inviting the residents to participate at the begining stage of planning. A district of this study is located on Songsam(13-14 zone), Samseung-Lee Ganam-Meon Yeoujoo-Gun Jyonggi Province and a length of section is 420m. This study came up with the following results. First, estabished the type of design and area of the area by means of the collected residents' opinions. Seconds, changed the straight line water channel already designed to the curve water channel . Third changed the structure materials of the steel concrete structure to the natural materials . Fourth, change dthe design by area for the ecological system and the meeting place of the residents. Fifth, divided the whole area into fourth area in order to satisfy the residents' requests.