• Korea Science and Art Forum
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.275-292
• /
• 2019

This study was initiated with the attention of demanding new and diverse approaches, we're talking familiar with imitations in the design process like a way to draw a image. So I studied a convergence of humanities and visual arts with the understanding and conceptual approach of the formless. The purpose of this study is to develop formless languages and to organize practical courses which are to enable deeper research and design expression on theoretical approaches and explanations of outcomes required before and after the process when we practice in connection with the formless. The method of this study is to draw detailed items from selected words through advanced researches, work and author researches and practice teaching. The results of the study I proposed the formless language that is related to the horizontality in spatial positioning system, and pulse in the separation of space and time, and entropy in structural orders of the system, and base materialism in the limitation of matter as the operating mechanism and parent item of formless. And those elements are related with shape, size, shading, color, texture, space, structure as visual elements of formative elements and those have various adjectival meanings as the subordinate concept. So I presented an education materials of basic design which is to enable understanding and expressing the formless language in the overall process of formless visual art(theoretical approach, practice course, presentation, etc.). Based on these study results, I hope that this educational materials will be used as educational contents that makes them express and understand different new beauties, and a role that reveals social identity, and a reference for research on a formless visual arts.

• Journal of vocational education research
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.67-89
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of career flexibility on employment status, career growth, and job satisfaction longitudinally. Demographic information(gender, age, parent's income level, and students' perceived financial states of family), vocational identity, employment status, career growth, and job satisfaction at 1, 2, and 3 years after the first data collection with a sample of 259(time 1), 229(time 2), 182(time 3) were collected respectively. Multivariate regression and logistic regression analysis were performed. Results showed that in-breadth career exploration positively predicted to employment status at time 1, 2, 3 consistently and career flexibility also positively predicted to employment status at time 2, 3. The longitudinal effect of career flexibility was found that the expectancy of career flexibility had shown to have stronger effect. In addition, career growth was influenced by in-depth career exploration at time 2, 3. On the other hand, no variables were related to job satisfaction in this study. Results of the current study provided the new insights for career education and limitation and future suggestions were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.14 no.1_spc
• /
• pp.63-109
• /
• 2008

This article examines psychological factors that contribute to educational achievement of Korean adolescents. By reviewing empirical research, three core areas are outlined. First, positive and negative roles that Korean society play on academic achievement are analyzed. Compared to other countries, Korean society places a high premium, pressure an investment on educational achievement. This has contributed to the rapid economic growth and development, but at the same time it has created numerous social problems. Second, psychological and relational dynamics of investing in and achieving success in education are delineated. Through indigenous psychological analysis, the role parents play in motivating and regulating their children to succeed academically is reviewed. In addition, the role of teachers and friends and the coordinated efforts of Korean society are outlined. Third, future directions and transformations in education that are needed in Korean society are discussed. Although Korean adolescents are high achievers in high school, this is not the case at the university level. Since Korean students are interested in entering a prestigious university, they have developed skills in doing well in standardized tests. Educational reforms need to take into consideration individuals' personal interests, skills and creativity to ensure that the knowledge that they acquired can be used to further their career and improve their subjective well-being. Educational transformation does not imply simply adopting Western models, but developing indigenous models that can maximize human and cultural potential and stimulate curiosity, diversity and creativity that are necessary in the global era.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2002

Summary：This study was designed to examine the effect of mother's depressive mood and parenting related attitude on parenting behavior, focusing on the cases having an ADHD child. Method：A total of 82 parents, 31 parents having children with ADHD and 51 normal, were involved in this study. The children of ADHD and normal group were 6-11 years old. ADHD group were diagnosed as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder by psychiatric doctor and psychological evaluations using DSMIV criteria and the normal group were excluded by using Diagnostic Rating Scale-Parent, Teacher Form. The mothers of both group completed a series of questionnaire about mother's depressive mood and parenting-related attitude. To investigate the relationships between each variables, Student's t-test, correlation, stepwise regression, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed. Result：In correlation analysis, Mothers with an ADHD child were likely to report more coercive parenting behavior, more negative parenting-related attitudes, and depressive mood than normal group. In regression analysis, mother's parenting stress, dysfunctional thoughts, parenting competence, and depressive mood predicted coercive parenting behavior significantly, total explaining 50% of its variance, and especially depressive mood explained 29% of their coercive parenting behavior. These Results indicated that mother's depressive mood accounted for a substantial portion of coercive parenting behavior. Conclusion：These findings suggested that it is significantly important to reduce Mother's depressive mood through dealing with parenting sense of competence and dysfunctional thoughts, so, both parent education program and cognitive-behavioral therapeutic approach are needed to change parent's coercive parenting behavior. Finally, limitation of the present study and suggestions were discussed for further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.357-375
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out methods to control, regulate and prevent sexual violence and provide guidelines for sex education in middle school. This study was conducted to examine factors in relation to sexuality, attitudes toward women, experience of sexual contact, frequencies and kinds of pornography with which they had contact, and sex education. For the data collection, a survey was conducted from September 25 to October 1, 1997 by using prepared questionnaires. Questionnaires were given to 503 students from three different kinds of middle schools in Seoul, Boys, Girls, and Coeducation schools. The data analyses used a PC-SAS. Each item was examined by frequencies and percentage. To compare Boys with Girls, I applied a T-test. In addition, with the kinds of school type, I applied anANOVA, ${\chi}^2$. Moreover, For investigating and analyzing each category, I categorized knowledge and attitude of sexuality, with precautionary measures of sexual violence. After that I applied T-test, ANOVA, and a Pearson's correlation for each category. The instruments of this study consisted of 9 domains. (1) General characteristics of the respondents (2) 9 questions about the interaction between he/she and his/her parent. (3) 12 questions, concerning A Scale for Attitudes of Adolescents Toward women(AWSA). (4) 26 questions related to sexual knowledge. (5) 25 questions about sexual attitude (6) strategies for prevention of sexual violence-33 questions (7) 5 questions related to sexual behavior (8) the experience of contact with pronography. (9) the experience of sex-education. The major results were summarized as follows; 1. Like many researches, This study shows that the girls are more eqalitarian than boys. The girls mean ($40.90{\pm}3.67$) is significantly higher than boys ($34.72{\pm}3.77$). Most Koreans have believed that there are many differences between men's roles and women's ones, because of confucianism which had been implied in most thought and ideas since the Lee dynasty. Therefore, the result is not surprising at all. 2. Most students answered correctly the questions of sexual knowledge. The girl's score was higher ($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $48.88{\pm}2.39$) than the boys' ($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $46.95{\pm}3.90$)(p 0.001). Nevertheless, the hypothesis that sexual knowledge influences sexual attitude and its behavior was rejected. 3. When twenty-five questions were asked about sexual attitude, the girl students investigated were found to have a more propre sexual attitude than that of the boys. A significant difference was found between boys and girls(p=0.001). The result shows that a person who has more experience in viewing pornography and who smokes will have a more distorted view of sexuality. 4. There are many students who have experienced of sexual contact. They need to take a sex education program about contraception and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Systematic and concrete sex education is one way to lead them to proper sexual behavior. 5. Most respondents rejected stereotyped attitudes towards women. Boys, however, were more likely to accept stereotypes of Women. The girl's mean($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $40.90{\pm}3.67$) is higher than the boys($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $34.72{\pm}3.77$)(p=0.0001). 6. Many boys ignored the rules for prevention of sexual violence. A boy or a girl who has more experience of sexual contact over kiss and sex-typed neglected the rules, too(p=0.001). Today, there is increasing juvenile delinquency related to sexuality. This study provided the basic material for a preventive education system. I believe that a systematic and concrete sex education system can be helpful for adolescents and promote their responsibility as well as cultivate morality about sexuality. As a result, juvenile delinquency can be decreased. This study is basically aimed to provide information for a prevenative education system of sexual violence. Further research is recommended to evaluate programs in schools.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.866-873
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current dietary habits, health related behaviors, nutrition knowledge and body indices, and to investigate the changes in nutrition knowledge for designing and monitoring nutrition education program among preschool children. The subjects were 1,200 preschool children, aged $4{\sim}6$ years. A measurement of the height and weight was conducted. The general home environment, the dietary habit of children and nutrition knowledge were collected using a questionnaire that included information about family income, parent's education and occupations. Using the PIBW, 14.6% of the preschool children were under weight, 54.4% were normal, and 31.0% were overweight or obese. We regarded to food habit score, the highest score was in the regularity of breakfast, while the lowest score was in consumption of yellow-green vegetables such as spinach and carrots. Result in food behavior showed that 69.1% of preschool children had a unbalanced diet, and their favorite snack was fast food like pizza and hamburger then followed soft drink and fried foods (chicken of potato). After nutrition education, there was somewhat improvement in the nutrition knowledge score of preschool children from $7.7{\pm}1.7$ point to $8.9{\pm}1.5$ point. These results suggest that nutrition education help preschool children change their nutrition knowledge. Therefore, it would be needed that new appropriate nutrition education to improve dietary habits and health status.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.77
• /
• pp.203-223
• /
• 2024

This study aims to reflect on how the experiences in the interrelationship between parents and children affect the formation of God's image and how it affects the formation of healthy Christian identity. We will explore the implications of this research on education for the formation of healthy Christian identity for children. Based on the theories of God's image by Erickson, Freud, and Rizzuto, we examine in-depth how the parental image that children acquire in their relationship with their parents is related to the image of God, which is the basis of their lives. Parents are like caregivers, guardians, and absolute beings that enable their children's survival and safety from their birth. The parental image that a child has through interaction with their parents has a close relationship with the image of God. Amid the existential limitations and restrictions faced by children and parents, negative experiences such as oppression, punishment, and anger that children receive from their parents leave various psychological wounds inside the child. What is important here is that the summation of negative experiences inflicted on the child should not exceed the appropriate level that the child can endure. In addition, children should be guided to feel the following in their relationship with their parents. Children need to be nurtured to feel basic trust from their parents. If these important premise is not observed, the distorted parental image will lead to distorted God's image. Unreliable or violent images of parents will pose a serious threat to the formation of constructive faith or healthy Christian identity. Based on this premise, this study claims a substantial shift from oppressive, authoritarian, and one-directional ways of education to those of mutual, liberational, postconventional education. Finally, this study closes its inquiry by providing constructive direction and alternatives for the development of healthy Christian identity for Children.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.73-106
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify difficulties in the relationships between kindergarten teachers and parents and find out factors that make the relationship difficult. The research questions are as follows: Firstly, what are the difficulties of the kindergarten teachers in making relationship with the parents? Secondly, what are the reactions of the kindergarten teachers toward the difficulties in making relationships with the parents? The research participants were 15 teachers of private kindergartens located in C city. Semi-structured interviews were administered to the participants. Their responses were categorized into several themes while examining transcribed data continuously. The difficulties expressed by the kindergarten teachers were analyzed into "Teacher aspect" and "Parent aspect". The research findings were as follows. Firstly, the teachers found difficulty with particular characteristics of parents and their demands. Also, teachers found difficulty with making positive relationships with the parents because they perceived problems from their own perspective. Secondly, The teachers' reactions towards the difficulties of the relationships with the parents appeared into 4 different types.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and to identify risk factors of overweight among preschool children in Korea. The study subjects were 750 children, aged 2-6, attending child care centers in Korea. A measurement of the height and weight of the children, as well as collection of wide range of variables including general characteristics, and potential factors related with dietary habit for children and their parents, were conducted. Overweight was defined based on more than 110% of ideal body weight. A logistic regression analysis was adopted to identify the factors associated with overweight. Subjects were classified into three categories according to the obesity index : underweight(PIBW〈90%, n=34), normal(90%$\leq$PIBW〈110%, n=577), and overweight(PIBW$\geq$110%, n=139). The overall prevalence of overweight and underweight of the subjects were 21.3% and 4.0% of the boys and 15.5% and 5.1% of the girls respectively. Parent's obesity was associated with a higher risk of overweight on girls. Subjects o the third quartile(girls) and fourth quartile(boys) of income level had a substantially higher risk of overweight than did those in the first quartile. Fast eating, overeating, and food prejudice were also associated with an increased risk of overweight. The results of a logistic regression analysis showed that the eating habits and food preferences of the children were the most influencial factors on overweight. These finding may imply the importance of early stage nutrition education on rational dietary habit to prevent prevailing obesity of preschool in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 1985

One nest of the Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis bengalensis Gmelin breeding in the area of Mt. Bangu, Mugye-ri, Jangye-ri, Jangyu-myon, Gimhae-gun, Gyongnam province, was observed for 43 days from July 18 to August 29, 1984. The nest was found at a height of 71cm in a steep mountain side. It was tunnel-shaped, with a size of 53cm(length), 5.5*6.4cm (the diameter of entrance) and 16.1*10.5cm (the diameter of incubation seat). The cluth size was 5 eggs. The eggs were white in color, the average size of 5 eggs being 20mm (length)*17.9mm(width). The incubation period was 18 days, the parent birds stayed in the nest at on average of 494 minutes and the rate of incubation was 82.20%. The incubation time increased gradually. The nesting period of 3 chicks was 25 days, and the average feeding frequency was 5, 50 times per day with the highest frequency of 10 times on the 14th days after hatching. The time and frequency of attendance gradually decreased as their chicks grew up. Total increase length in body was; body length 45.35longrightarrow147.80mm, wing 6.95longrightarrow63.40mm, bill 1.73longrightarrow29.36mm and body weight 2.93longrightarrow41.00gr. The prey for the 3 chicks of the nest was entirely fish. The main food item was the fry of Gobiobotidae. The home range of the nest was 0.43ha. and the territory size was 0.05ha. Their feeding ground were outside of their territory.