• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

This study was carried out to determine the chemical quality properties during processing treatment using the brown rice varieties with different amylose content. It was investigated using Hwaseonchalbyeo, Baegjinjubyeo, Ilpumbyeo and Goamibyeo varieties. As for the chemical properties of fried brown rice, phenolic compounds increased by the frying treatment. The component of aroma after the frying treatment, it showed that aldehydes sorts of benzaldehyde, phenylmethanal had the highest content. The content of vitamin B group during parboiling treatment and frying treatment decreased as a whole than the non-treatment brown rice. The higher the content of amylose was, the more the content of vitamin $B_2$ increased. The higher the content of amylose was, the more the content of vitamin $B_6$ and mineral contents decreased. The component of mineral during frying treatment, it showed that Mg had the highest content. The higher the content of amylose increased, the more the blue value increased. The 2,2-diphenyl-$\beta$-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) after the frying treatment was relatively increased.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1995

The effect of milling on the nutrients of raw and parboiled rice grain samples was investigated. Parboiling treatments of choo chung paddy decreased head rice yields and pressure parboiling proved to be more beneficial in reducing white belly rice. Except PP sample mean length/width ratio of parboiled milled rice kernels(8% milling degree) were more larger than raw milled rice and the extent depended on severity of parboil heat treatment. Parboiling had no effect on the protein content of browm rice(0% milling degree) but increased in 4%, 8% milling degree and in PL40 sample. Parboiled rice had a lower fat and the extent depended on degree of milling. Ash content of parboiled brown rice decreasd compared to raw brown rice and generally decreased according to milling degrees were high. Nevertheless, PP, PT40 and PL40 parboiled milled rice samples(0% milling degree) contained more ash than raw milled rice. Parboiling increased total sugar and reducing sugar and increased according to milling degrees were high. Parboiled rice had a high reducing sugar content than raw rice except for PT sample, and more contained as higher milling degree. Total amino acid content of parboiled brown rice increased compared to raw brown rice except for PL40 sample. Parboiled rice of 4% milling degree had a lower total amino acid content and then 8% milling degree had a higher than raw rice. Ca content of parboiled rice was lower than raw rice and tended to have lower as milling degree were high. Parboiled rice of 0 and 4% milling degree had a lower Fe content degree but higher in 8% milling degree. PP and PT40 samples contained more Fe than any other parboiled rice. Parboiled milled rice contained more thiamin than raw milled rice. Rice of milling degree 6% and PL sample contained most thiamin.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.106-111
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• 2021

Several pretreatment methods have been developed to reduce the inorganic arsenic, which is known to be highly harmful to humans, among various arsenic species present in hijiki and rice. The pretreatment methods were selected and developed as methods that can be non-harmful even after treatment and easily applied. Hijiki was applied by two methods. One was soaking in water at room temperature for various durations and the other was boiling of it in water for a short period of time. Rice was soaked in water with different rice-to-water ratios for various durations. The most effective method that reduced the inorganic arsenic in hijiki was to repeat parboiling for 5 minutes twice, which led to 79% reduction of the inorganic arsenic in it. In the case of rice, soaking for 24 hours at the ratio of 1:5 (rice:water) resulted in 51% reduction of inorganic arsenic in rice.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.172-182
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• 2016

This study was aimed to determine the changes in vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ contents compared to fresh materials after parboiling treatment of the main vegetables consumed in Korea. The specificity of accuracy and precision for vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ analysis method were validated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The recovery rate of standard reference material (SRM) was excellent, and all analysis was under the control line based on the quality control chart for vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$. The Z-score for vitamin $B_6$ in food analysis performance assessment scheme (FAPAS) proficiency test was -1.0, confirming reliability of analytical performance. The vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ contents in a total of 39 fresh materials and parboiled samples were analyzed. The contents of vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ ranged from 0.000 to 2.462 and from 0.000 to $0.127mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$, respectively. The highest contents of vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ were $2.462mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ in fresh fatsia shoots (stem vegetables), and $0.127mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ in fresh spinach beet (leafy vegetables), respectively. Moreover, the vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ contents for parboiling treatment in most vegetables were reduced or not detected. In particular, the contents of vitamin $B_5$ in parboiled fatsia shoots and vitamin $B_6$ in parboiled yellow potato and spinach beet were decreased 20- and 4-fold compared with fresh material, respectively. These results can be used as important basic data for utilization and processing of various vegetable crops, information for dietary life, management of school meals, and national health for Koreans.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.254-259
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• 2006

Milling qualities and indigestible carbohydrate fractions (ICF) depending on harvesting time of Goami2 (G2), mutant of Ilpum (IP) rice, was examined. Fifty days after heading (DAH) maximized head rice milling quality (57.69%) and ICF content ($5.09{\pm}0.36\;g/100\;g$). ICF contents and physical properties of G2 and IP at 50 DAH were compared. ICF of G2 was three times higher than that of IP ($1.61{\pm}0.09\;g/100\;g$). Parboiling treatment increased ICF of G2 to $7.18{\pm}0.16\;g/100\;g$. G2 showed lower water absorption index, which could lower pasting properties, but higher water solubility index, implying it contains more soluble components. Texture properties of G2 were different from those of IP, showing higher hardness, and lower adhesiveness and cohesiveness. Positive correlation was observed between ICF and hardness, but reverse correlation between ICF and cohesiveness.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.613-618
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• 2013

The quality characteristics of brown rice polished with grains of four rice varieties (Hwaseonchal, Baegjinju, Ilpum and Goami) were examined. For the physical properties of native and fried brown rice starches, the gelatinization temperatures and enthalpies (determined with differential scanning calorimetry) of brown rice starches decreased with increasing amylose content. The pasting viscosities of native brown rice starches in distilled water were higher than those in $HgCl_2$ solution (as an ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitor). The highest viscosity of gelatinized starch was observed for the starch of Ilpum rice variety relative to other varieties. Cystal packing arrangement of brown rice starches subjected to deep-fat frying converted A-type (typically observed for cereal starches) into V-type (formed by retrogradation and recrystllization of amylose molecules).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1182-1189
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• 2008

Changes of free sugar on Gugija-sugar leaching were investigated by adding sugar on Gugija (Lycii fructus) raw fruit. Gugija were prepared by parboiling ($40{\sim}50$ sec at hot water of $85^{\circ}C$) and unparboiling. Gugija-sugar leaching were leached after preserving (5 and 10 months at $5^{\circ}C$) Gugija-sugar mixture (ratio of raw Gugija and sugar, 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8, and 1:1/w:w). Soluble starch content of Gugija-sugar leaching increased with increasing ratio of sugar without reference to parboiling treatment, having the highest content, 2.5% at UPRGSL-4 (unparboiling Gugija:sugar, 1:0.8 leaching). Maltose content increased with increasing ratio of sugar in PRGSL, being the highest at 12.66% in PRGSL-5 (parboiling Gugija:sugar, 1:1 leaching) at 10 months leaching periods. Most of the sucrose went out of existence with increasing leaching periods; content was 4.22% on PRGSL-5 and 1.36% on UPRGSL-5. Content of glucose and fructose increased with increasing ratio of sugar; glucose content was 7.86% on PRGSL-4 and 26.22% on UPRGSL-5, at 10 months leaching periods. Fructose content was 18.46% on PRGSL-5 and 22.51% on UPRGSL-4 at 10 months leaching periods. Contents of sorbitol and glycerol increased with increasing ratios of sugar.