• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.69-84
• /
• 1972

우리나라 경상북도, 경상남도, 제주도의 32개군에서 125종의 농작물에서 식물 기생성 선충을 조사한 결과 9과 28속 42종을 발견하였다. 그중에 다음 8종은 우리나라 미기록 종이며 이미 발표된 종에 대해서는 특이할만한 형태적인 특징만을 언급하였다. Criconemoides morgensis(Hofmanner & Menzel, 1914). Crossonema(Crossonema) menzeli(stefanski, 1924) Metha & Raski, 1971. Macroposthonia ferniae (Luc, 1959) De Grisse & Loof, 1965. Macrobosthonia rustica (Micoletzky, 1915) De Grisse & Loof, 1965. Neolobocriconema aberrane(Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1964) Methat & Raski, 1971. Nothocriconema demani(Micoletzky, 1925) De Grisse & Loof, 1965. Rotylenchus pini Mamiya, 1968. Xenocriconemella macrodora(Taylor, 1936) De Grisse & Loof, 1965.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 2004

Trichoderma harzianum-THN1 parasitising the egg masses of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was isolated from galled mulberry roots and evaluated for its potential to control root knot disease. In pot experiments root galling was reduced and leaf yield increased significantly following soil treatment with T. harzianum-THN1. The extracts obtained from the soils inoculated with T. harzianum-THN1 drastically inhibited the hatching of nematode eggs and the effect was irreversible even after the eggs were transferred to fresh water. The fungus was equally effective in controlling the disease in nematode infested mulberry garden under field conditions which was significant over the most commonly used egg parasitic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. The disease reduction recorded with T. harzianum was on par with the plants treated with the nematicide Carbofuran. The results suggest that T. harzianum- THN1 could be used as a potent ecofriendly biocontrol agent against M. incognita in mulberry without any residual toxicity to silkworms. T. harzianum- THN1 can form an important component of integrated disease management package in mulberry cultivation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.349-353
• /
• 1994

An isolate 90-GT-302, identified as Kitasatosporia kimorexae, was found to produce antibiotics that induce mycelial swelling in Magnaporthe grisea, and Fusarium solani. The strain produced at least 5 antibiotics. Among them, the main active compound designated as kimorexin A was isolated and its physico-chemical properties and biological activities were examined, and as a result was found to be of the thiopeptide antibiotic. A comparison between the properties of kimorexin A and those of the known thiopeptide antibiotics led us to conclude that kimorexin A was a new thiopeptide polythiazolyl antibiotic. Kimorexin A showed a narrow antimicrobial spectrum against very limited genus of phytopathogenic fungi. It prevented host plants from infections of Rhizoctonia solani and absolute parasitic fungi, such as Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Puccinia recondita, almost completely at the treatment concentration of approximately 20 ppm.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.64-67
• /
• 2016

During screening fungi as potential biological control agents for plant parasitic fungi, a fungal strain, EML-FAM3, was isolated from powdery mildew leaf lesions caused by Erysiphe platani on sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), and another strain, EML-FAMC1, from Erysiphe australiana on crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.). Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rDNA, the strains were identified as Ampelomyces quisqualis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of new mycohosts, E. platani and E. australiana, of the mycoparasite A. quisqualis on sycamore and crape myrtle plants. The hyperparasite may represent the potential for controlling E. platani and E. australiana epidemics.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 1987

The elongated filamentous haustorial cells, hyphae, of Cuscuta australis R. Brown penetrated into the vascular tissues of the host plant Trifolium repens L. were studied by the light and electron microscopes. The hyphae reached the host xylem were invaded into the host vessels and then they grew within the host vessels. Finally these hyphae were differentiated into the water conducting elements, xylary hyphae, by thickening of the secondary walls. The hyphae reached the host phloem were branched at the apical regions. These hyphae possessed thin-layered cytoplasm involving the typical features of sieve elements such as the parallel arrays of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, plastids with the clusters of fine starch granules, and mitochondria with the dilated cristae. It was indicated that these hyphae were differentiated into the nutrients conducting elements, phloic hyphae. The structures described were compared with those of other parasitic plants and were discussed in view of the translocation of materials from host to parasite.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.622-624
• /
• 1998

During the course of study on plant parasitic nematodes associated with medicinal herbs in Korea, high population of different stages of citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipentrans was found in association with Pyrola japonia Klenze in Imsil, Chunbuk province. The second stage larvae and males were isolated from rhizosphere soil ; immature and mature females were detached from the roots of infested plants of Pyrola japonica. Besides citrus it has been reported to parasitize on roots of Syringa vulgaris, Diospyros lotus, olive, grapevine, and pear in different parts of the world. This is the first record of T. semipenetrans parasitized on a medicinal plant, Pyrola japonica.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.53-77
• /
• 2022

The global nematicides market is expected to continue growing. With an increasing demand for synthetic chemical-free organic foods, botanical nematicides are taking the lead as replacements. Consequently, in the recent years, there have been vigorous efforts towards identification of the active secondary metabolites from various plants. These include mostly glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products such as isothiocyanates; flavonoids, alkaloids, limonoids, quassinoids, saponins, and the more recently probed essential oils, among others. And despite their overwhelming potential, variabilities in quality, efficacy, potency and composition continue to persist, and commercialization of new botanical nematicides is still lagging. Herein, we have reviewed the history of botanical nematicides and regional progresses, the potency of the identified phytochemicals from the key important plant families, and deciphered some of the impediments involved in standardization of the active compounds in addition to the concerns over the safety of the purified compounds to non-target microbial communities.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.257-263
• /
• 2001

Species of the genus Orobanche are parasitic flowering plants, holoparasites, which cling to the roots of green plants. Their tiny seeds (200 x $250\mu\textrm{m}$) germinate in response to chemical stimuli produced by host and some non-host plants. Successful contact with their host leads to development of haustoria for obtaining water and food. The shoots above the ground expose flowers and disseminate seeds. Several samples of Orobanche ramosa, O. crenata, O. cernua, and O. egyptiaca were collected from different localities in Jordan. These samples showed one of the following disease symptoms: dry rot at the base of the stem; general deterioration and expanded lesion from base upward; soft tissue maceration of stem; and black rot of flower parts with incomplete maturation of the ovary and seeds. Isolation from diseased stems and seeds was made on three different mycological media. Several fungi were isolated, mainly, Fusarium spp., Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia sp., Dendrophora sp., Chaetomium sp., and an ascomycetus fungus with a perithecium. Pathogenicity tests showed that Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternata attacked healthy living tissue of Orobanche spikes. These fungi caused lesions of black soft rot and complete deterioration within 5-7 days. They also attacked Orobanche seeds, arresting their germination and causing maceration of non-germinated and germinated seeds after 5-7 days of incubation. Meanwhile, Dendrophora sp. and Chaetomium sp. caused limited lesion at first, but were able to colonize the tissue as it aged and senesced. This study showed the presence of a potential endogenous pathogenic fungi in Jordan, which can be investigated as a biological control for Orobanche.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.476-490
• /
• 2020

The parasitic weed, Orobanche crenata, is one of the most devastating constraint for faba bean production in Mediterranean regions. Plant host defense induction was reported as one of the most appropriate control methods in many crops. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the induction of faba bean resistance to O. crenata under the field and controlled experimental conditions. Both hormones were tested on two contrasting faba bean genotypes: Giza 843 (partially resistant to O. crenata) and Lobab (susceptible) at three different application methods (seed soaking, foliar spray, and the combination of both seed soaking and foliar spray). Soaking seeds in SA or IAA provided the highest protection levels reaching ~75% compared to the untreated control plants. Both elicitors limited the chlorophyll content decrease caused by O. crenata infestation and increased phenolic compound production in host plants. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were stimulated in the host plant roots especially in the susceptible genotype Lobab. The magnitude of induction was more obvious in infested than in non-infested plants. Histological study revealed that both SA and IAA decreased the number of attached O. crenata spikes which could be related to specific defense responses in the host plant roots.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 1979

제주도내 제주시를 비롯한 각 읍 면에서 28종의 기생식물, 42개 재료를 채취하여 식물기생성 선충을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 제주도의 식물기생성선충으로는 2아목 10과 16속 22종이 발견되었으며 속별분포율을 보던 Meloidogyne가 $25\%$로 가장 높은 분포율을 나타내었고 다음이 Helicotylenchus로 $15\%$이었으며 Criconemoides $14\%$, Tylenchus $10\%$, Pratylenchus $6\%$, Neolobocriconema $6\%$, Aphelenchus $6\%$, Aphelenchoides $6\%$, Hirshmaniella $3\%$, Heterodera $3\%$, Nothotylenchus $1\%$, Tylenchorhynchus $1\%$, Merlinius $1\%$, Rotylenchus $1\%$, Discocriconemella $1\%$, Hernicriconenoides $1\%$로 나타났다. 2. 제주도에서 새로 발견된 종은 Nothotylenchus acris, Tylenchorynchus dubius, Merzinius nothus, Pratylenchus minyus. Pratylenchus thornei. Hirshmaniella inmamuri, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchu erythrinae, Meloidogyne arenaria, Discocriconemella hengsungica, Aphelenchoides besseyi 등으로 2아목 7과 11종이었다.