• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 1998

The neurotropic psudorabies virus(PRV) to replicate within neurons is very useful pathogen for neuronal tracing. I carried out this study to investigate the parametric analysis on the viral infection in the rat circadian control center with two genetically engineered strains out of PRV. The two strains are isogenic with the attenuated Bartha strain of PRV ; in one strain a lacZ reporter gene was inserted into the gC locus (PRV-BaBlu ; $4.75\times10^8pfu/ml$) and the other strain contained a PRV envelope glycoprotein gene(PRV-D ; $2.5\times10^8pfu/ml$) theat is absent in PRV-BaBlu. simultaneous or temporally separated sequential injection of$2{\mu}l$ of each strain into the vetreous body of eye produced a course of transsynaptic infection of retinohypothalamic circuitry. The results were as follows; 1. PRV-BaBlu and PRV-D infected the suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus and intergeniculate leaflet in lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus. 2. The rate of PRV infection was dependent upon PRV strain. 3. Pre-infected neurons by PRV-D were interfered with the replication of PRV-BaBlu. 4. Dual injection of PRV-D and PRV-BaBlu showed more virulent than the parental strain.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.353-361
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• 1989

A parametric study of load distribution in bolt-nut joints is performed by the method of finite element contact analysis. The contacting surface is assumed unbonded and frictionless. Multi-body contact analysis is performed in elastic region under the assumption of axi-symmetric stress state. Load acting on the first thread from the fastened plate is much greater than that on the other threads in the standard setting. But the load distribution is shown to be improved by making the center of contact force acting on the nut surface move outwards. Such a modification is possible by enlarging the gap between bolt shank and fastened plate or by inserting suitable washers. Shape modification of the standard nut by the making a groove and a step on the nut surface is also suggested, which results in almost uniform load distribution and considerable decrease in the maximum stress of the joint.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.24-36
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• 2006

Ship hullform is usually designed with a curve network, and smooth hullform surfaces are supposed to be generated by filling in (or interpolating) the curve network with appropriate surface patches. Tensor-product surfaces such as B-spline and $B\'{e}zier$ patches are typical representations to this interpolating problem. However, they have difficulties in representing the surfaces of irregular topological type which are frequently appeared in the fore- and after-body of ship hullform curve network. In this paper, we proposed a method that can automatically generate discrete $G^1$ continuous B-spline surfaces interpolating given curve network of ship hullform. This method consists of three steps. In the first step, given curve network is reorganized to be of two types: boundary curves and reference curves of surface patches. Especially, the boundary curves are specified for their surface patches to be rectangular or triangular topological type that can be represented with tensor-product (or degenerate) B-spline surface patches. In the second step, surface fitting points and cross boundary derivatives are estimated by constructing virtual iso-parametric curves at discrete parameters. In the last step, discrete $G^1$ continuous B-spline surfaces are generated by surface fitting algorithm. Finally, several examples of resulting smooth hullform surfaces generated from the curve network data of actual ship hullform are included to demonstrate the quality of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1021-1032
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• 2011

This paper presents the results of a parametric study for the design of optimal Earth-Moon transfer trajectory using mixed impulsive and continuous thrust. Various types of the optimal Earth-Moon transfer trajectories were designed by adjusting the relative weight between the impulsive and the continuous thrust, and flight time. Two very different transfer trajectories can be obtained by different combination of design parameters. Furthermore, it was found that all thus designed trajectories permit the ballistic capture by the Moon gravity. Finally, the required thrust profiles are presented and analyzed in detail.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.343-352
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• 2016

In this study, a pre-swirl duct for the 180,000 DWT bulk carrier has been designed from a propulsion standpoint using CFD. The stern duct - designed by NMRI - was selected as the initial duct. The objective function is to minimize the value of delivered power in model scale. Design variables of the duct include duct angle, diameter, chord length, and vertical and horizontal displacements from the center. Design variables of the stators are blade number, arrangement angle, chord length, and pitch angle. A parametric design was carried out with the objective function obtained using CFD. Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved; and the Reynolds stress model applied for the turbulent closure. A double body model is used for the treatment of free-surface. MRF and sliding mesh models have been applied to simulate the actuating propeller. A self-propulsion point has been obtained from the results of towing and self-propelled computations, i.e., form factor obtained from towing computation and towing forces obtained from self-propelled computations of two propeller rotating speeds. The reduction rate of the delivered power of the improved stern duct is 2.9%, whereas that of the initial stern duct is 1.3%. The pre-swirl duct with one inner stator in upper starboard and three outer stators in portside has been designed. The delivered power due to the designed pre-swirl duct is reduced by 5.8%.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.96-108
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a systematic hull form variation technique which automatically satisfies the displacement constraint and guarantees a high level of fairness. This method is possible through multiple parameter correction curves. The present method is to improve the hull form variation method based on parametric modification function and consists of two sub-categories: SAC variation and section lines modification. For SAC variation, the utilization of two B-Spline curves satisfying GC¹ condition led to the satisfaction of displacement constraint and high level of fairness at the same time. Section lines modification methods involves in using two fuctions: the first is the waterplane modification function combining two cubic splines. the other function is the sectional area modification function consisting of 2nd order polynomial over the DLWL(Design Load Waterline) and 3rd order polynomial below the DLWL, This function enables not only the fundamental U-V section shape variation but also systematically modified section lines. The present method is expected to be more useful in the hull form optimization process using CFD compared to the existing method.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2015

Recently, there has been a gradual increase in the number of people who are interested in cycling, leading to an increasing number of cycling equipment consumers. However, many bicyclists get hurt because of their lack of knowledge about the right size of bicycle for their body. Although it is necessary for a rider to fit their bicycle to prevent injury, they reject a fitting service because of the long hours and high cost. In this study, we propose a bicycle fitting system that uses a depth camera to improve the limitations of existing manual fitting systems. With the defined formula, the system calculates the size of the bicycle using body image information extracted by a depth camera and visualizes a customized bicycle for a specific consumer. This system will not only save the customer time and money, but will prevent injury from the use of a bicycle that does not fit.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.510-515
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• 2000

Dynamic stability of a flying structure undertaking constant and pulsating axial forces is investigated in this paper. The equations of motion of the structure, which is idealized as a free-free beam, are derived by using the hybrid variable method and the assumed mode method. The structural system includes a directional control unit to obtain the directional stability. The analysis model presented in this paper considers the nonlinear effect due to rigid body motion of the beam. Dynamic stability of the system is influenced by the nonlinear effect. In order to examine the nonlinear effect, first the unstable regions of the linear system are obtained by using the method based upon Floquet's theory, and dynamic responses of the nonlinear system in the unstable region are obtained by using direct time integration method. Dynamic stability of the nonlinear system is determined by the obtained dynamic responses.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.961-970
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• 2014

Several retailers such as Target and Kohle's and their vendors have piloting the 3D clothing simulation programs to produce garment samples. However, few studies have verified the virtual fit information and 3d visualization process for pants, and no study compared the commercial 3D virtual programs. This study is designed to analyze similarity of fit and appearance between real pants with 3D virtual pants based on three 3D virtual programs (Optitex, CLO 3D, and i-Designer), three lower body types (slim, normal, and thick waist type), and fit status. We selected a representative model for each lower body type, produced their custom pants according to Lee and Nam's method(2007), and took photos of front, side and back view for visual analysis. Then, we virtually tried each model's custom pants on her parametric avatar developed by manually inputting their body measurements using the three 3D virtual program. Thirty fit experts compared the real fit to virtual fit. This study found that 'Optitex' and 'i-Designer' can visualize more effectively than 'CLO 3D' in many fit locations. Regarding the body types, 3D virtual program can visualize pants fit for 'thick waist body type' more preciously than the other body types. With respect to fit status, it does not affect much on the similarity overall.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 1992

The vibration of a vehicle, which is caused by and transmitted from the engine, has significant effect on the ride comfort and the dynamic characteristics of the engine mount system has direct influence on the vibration and noise of the vehicle. This paper examines the body shake caused by the engine excitation force on engine key-off of a jeep by experiment and computer simulation using a general purpose mechanical system program, DADS. The computer simulation model consists of the engine, body including frame, and front and rear axles and each axle has right and left tires. The force element between body and suspension is modeled as a combination of suspension spring and damper, and the unsprung mass has roll and pitch motion. The body shake obtained from experiment was compared with the result of computer simulation. Parametric study of the body shake on engine key-off is performed with changing the stiffness of engine mount rubber, the engine mount installation angle and position of engine mounts by using the verified computer simulation model.