• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.691-717
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• 2010

Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde is a tale of love framed by an overarching pattern of death, set in the war-torn and doomed Troy, from which the lovers cannot separate their fate. Compared with Boccaccio's poem, the attention paid to death in Chaucer's version underlies his complex treatment of love. Above all, the language of death in Chaucer's poem provides the thread from which the entangled web of love is woven. Death together with desire pervades the language and rhetoric of the poem, prominent not only in the courtly love tropes, but also in the characters' asides and speeches. The prominence of these two concepts, desire and death, seem to be central to the various issues that the poem contains explicitly and implicitly. That is, two concepts are the basis for the breadth and depth of Chaucer's examination of love in light of the social and political realities of late fourteenth century England. The language of death in Chaucer's poem reflects the powerful influence on his imagination. With the devastation wrought by the plague and the changing fortunes of England in the war with France, Chaucer's world was once saturated in death, and one that could amply parallel the turn from prosperity to downfall. In particular, Chaucer's poem is suffused with the language of contagion and death in connection with desire. Troilus's lovesickness mimics the progress of a viral infection. Once breached, his body performs its newly compromised identity through fever, loss of appetite, and physical disintegration. On the other hand, Chaucer depicts Boccaccio's conventional portrait of Criseyde into a elaborate paramour of a pathogen. She is characterized as the contaminant that infects male hero. In addition, Criseyde is cast as sole earthly cure of illness that Troilus suffers from. In spite of Criseyde's role as nurturer and healer, Troilus longs for his own death and feels death clutching his heart. Finally, Troilus's love toward Criseyde is doomed to death.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2008

In this study, we compared textbook knowledge organization with students' mental models to contribute to a more well-designed instruction scheme. The selected science content was the cause of moon phases. We investigated 9 textbooks and 25 third-year middle school students. Patterns and features in participants' mental models were identified through cross inter-rater data analysis by 9 researchers, including in service teachers and experts in science education. According to the results, observing and modeling are the main activities engaged in when dealing with moon phases. The activities consisted of such concepts as: lunar revolution, the sun's parallel rays, the illuminated half of moon, and the relative positions of the sun, moon, and earth. Each concept involved inquiry skills such as: creating and manipulating models, utilizing the relationship between time and space, and communicating. However, the most important skills which are required for authentic scientific inquiry, namely controlling variables and formulating hypotheses, were missing. We categorized students' mental models into three types: scientific models, mixed models, and alternative models. The knowledge structure of each of the models was also discussed in this paper. Consequently, it was found that, typically, students were not given enough opportunities to strengthen the connection among ideas.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 2009

Two parallel wide flange built-up beams are widely used as struts in resisting lateral earth pressure because of the effectiveness in structure and construction. In a certain structural system, the reinforced concrete columns are to be placed at the intersection where two perpendicular beams cross each other, the square part of the joint being filled with concrete. In the punching shear mechanism of the beam-column joint, the radial deformation caused due to shear cracking will be constrained by the spring action of the squarely encompassed beam flanges. As a result, the punching shear strength of the joint concrete can be expected to be increased. To verify this phenomenon experiments have been performed for various constraining elements and distances between columns and constraints. Test results are compared with the approximation analysis formula which has been proposed in this study, based on the code formula. The results calculated by the proposed equation show comparatively close agreement with the punching shear strength detected from the test.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2018

Hydrophobic porous PVDF hollow fiber membranes for Membrane Distillation (MD) were fabricated by a combination of thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and stretching. The purpose of this study is to investigate the shape and operating conditions of the module and the effect of piping size on parallel connection. In the optimization experiment of the vacuum membrane distillation module, the flux decreased as the packing density and length of the membrane in the module increased. When the module was connected vertically, it was confirmed that the nearest to the inlet of the vacuum port was the highest flux. In selecting the size of the header pipe of the module, it was confirmed that the maximum flux is shown when the inner diameter area of the hollow fiber membrane and the inner diameter area of the header pipe are the same. Also, it is necessary to find the optimal linear velocity because the higher the linear velocity in the module, the higher the flux, but the pressure acting on the module also increases proportionally.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.29-37
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• 2011

Dispersed generation (DG) such as wind power (WP) and Photovoltaic systems (PV) that has been promoted at the national level recently is mainly being introduced into distribution systems adjacent to consumers because it is generation on a small scale when compared to current generation. Due to its characteristics, DG can be operated by interconnection with distribution systems to present security of more stable power and efficient use of power facilities and resources. Problems on protection coordination of distribution systems by reverse flow of DG can roughly be divided into three possibilities: excess in rated breaking capacity (12.5KA) of protective devices by a fault in DG current supply, failure to operate protective devices by an apparent effect that can occur by reduction in impedance parallel circuit fault current due to interconnection of DG, and malfunction of protective devices by interconnection transformer connection type. The purpose of this study is to analyze problems in protection coordination that can occur when DG is operated by interconnection with distribution systems by conducting modeling and simulations by using theoretical symmetrical components and MATLAB/SIMULINK to present methods to improve such problems.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.220-228
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• 2018

The internal resistance of microbial fuel cell (MFC) using stainless steel skein for oxidizing electrode was investigated and the factors affecting the voltage generation were identified. We also investigated the effect of power management system (PMS) on the usability for MFC and the removal efficiency of organic pollutants. The performance of a stack microbial fuel cell connected with (PMS) or PMS+LED was analyzed by the voltage generation and organic matter reduction. The maximum power density of the unit cells was found to be $5.82W/m^3$ at $200{\Omega}$. The maximum current density was $47.53A/m^3$ without power overshoot even under $1{\Omega}$. The ohmic resistance ($R_s$) and the charge transfer resistance ($R_{ct}$) of the oxidation electrode using stainless steel skein electrode, were $0.56{\Omega}$ and $0.02{\Omega}$, respectively. However, the sum of internal resistance for reduction electrode using graphite felts loaded Pt/C catalyst was $6.64{\Omega}$. Also, in order to understand the internal resistance, the current interruption method was used by changing the external resistance as $50{\Omega}$, $300{\Omega}$, $5k{\Omega}$. It has been shown that the ohm resistance ($R_s$) decreased with the external resistance. In the case of a series-connected microbial fuel cell, the reversal phenomenon occurred even though two cells having the similar performance. However, the output of the PMS constantly remained for 20 hours even when voltage reversal occurred. Also the removal ability of organic pollutants (SCOD) was not reduced. As a result of this study, it was found that buffering effect for a certain period of time when the voltage reversal occurred during the operation of the microbial fuel cell did not have a serious effect on the energy loss or the operation of the microbial fuel cell.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5355-5362
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• 2014

This study reviewed the planning characteristics of dormitories for secondary schools in the Japanese Colonial Era by analyzing the architectural drawings collected by the National Archives of Korea. The dormitory was one of the essential facilities in secondary schools but there have been few studies in this area. The analysis items were the site plan and the planning characteristics of student bedrooms, dining hall, and supervisor's area, which were the main elements of the dormitory. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1) Generally, the dormitory area was placed in the rear of buildings for teaching with a close connection. 2) The student bedroom wings were laid out in parallel to the south as a rule making the typical site plan pattern for a dormitory, whereas the other parts of dormitory, such as the dining hall and supervisor's area were placed in the site conditions. 3) Generally, the unit plans of bedrooms for Korean schools were the ondol type and were small in size, whereas those for Japanese were the tatami type and large in size with separate study and sleeping areas. 4) The dining hall annex was made up of a dining hall and kitchen-bathroom area in general. For Japanese schools, the school store area was added to these areas. The typical shapes of dining hall plans were narrow and long with an adjacent corridor, so the overall plan of the dining hall annex was like that of a single-corridor type block plan. 5) The supervisor's area was a smaller part of the dormitory but it was considered to be a symbolic part of the whole dormitory in site planning and design.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 2016

This paper analyzed the process of modernization in terms of the social structure in Geomundo. Before modernization, social structure in Geomundo was traditional society by a village unit. A village had community rituals and organization. There were independent parallel spatial structure among villages. In the early Japanese colonial period, 'forced modernization' had been occurred by Japanese immigrants settling in a separate living space. The modernization was transplanted in a new established village and diffused into other villages. In the process of forced modernization, the connection among villages was reinforced, as the result of that modern social organization was emerged, and the characteristics of community rituals had been changed. During modernization indigenization period, advanced fishery technology and distribution system occurred capitalist production system helping to place modern norms in the general daily life. In the late Japanese colonial period, aided organizations from local government and informal organizations reversed the trend of modernization through helping colonial exploitation policy. The spatial structure in Geomundo had become to hierarchical structure with intensified connectivity as the result of extensive spread of community territory. Modernization in Japanese colonial period was 'forced modernization' and could not re-established the community spirits. The community spirit has been broken up by dissolving the existing self regulating and self motivated organization.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2008

A multilayer tower-type photoreactor, in which $TiO_2$-coated glass-tubes were installed, was used to measure the vapor-phase BTEX removal efficiencies by ozone oxidation ($O_3$/UV), photocatalytic oxidation ($TiO_2$/UV) and the combination of ozone and photocatalytic oxidation ($O_3/TiO_2$/UV) process, respectively. The experiments were conducted under various relative humidities, temperatures, ozone concentrations, gas flow rates and BTEX concentrations. As a result, the BTEX removal efficiency and the oxidation rate by $O_3/TiO_2$/UV system were highest, compared to $O_3$/UV and $TiO_2$/UV system. The $O_3/TiO_2$/UV system accelerated the low oxidation rate of low-concentration organic compounds and removed organic compounds to a large extent in a fixed volume of reactor in a short time. Therefore, $O_3/TiO_2$/UV system as a superimposed oxidation technology was developed to efficiently and economically treat refractory VOCs. Also, this study demonstrated feasibility of a technology to scale up a photoreactor from lab-scale to pilot-scale, which uses (i) a separated light-source chamber and a light distribution system, (ii) catalyst fixing to glass-tube media, and (iii) unit connection in series and/or parallel. The experimental results from $O_3/TiO_2$/UV system showed that (i) the highest BTEX removal efficiencies were obtained under relative humidity ranging from 50 to 55% and temperature ranging from 40 to $50^{\circ}C$, and (ii) the removal efficiencies linearly increased with ozone dosage and decreased with gas flow rate. When applying Langmuir-Hinshelwood model to $TiO_2$/UV and $O_3/TiO_2$/UV system, reaction rate constant for $O_3/TiO_2$/UV system was larger than that for $TiO_2$/UV system, however, it was found that adsorption constant for $O_3/TiO_2$/UV system was smaller than that for $TiO_2$/UV system due to competitive adsorption between organics and ozone.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2023

Purpose: We investigated the effect of open tray impression using pick-up impression coping and close tray impression using transfer impression coping on the accuracy of impression in edentulous patients on their mandibular parts. the effect of material types of pick-up type impression copings for splinting in open tray impression on the accuracy of impression was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Two implant fixtures were implanted in parallel in the left molar of the mandibular in the shape of a mandibular partial edentulous model. The 40 individual trays were fabricated using 3D printer. The prepared individual trays were classified into 4 groups (i.e., PN, PG, PH, and TN groups), and a total of 40 impression-takings were conducted. A master cast was connected to a Scan Body. The converted STL file was super-imposed on the scan images of the various groups. Results: The order of standard deviation values decreased as follows: PN (0.2343 ± 0.0844 mm), TN (0.2192 ± 0.0840 mm), indicating that the high accuracy of impression for TN group. In addition, for the comparison results between the material types used in splinting the open tray impression, the PH group showed a relatively lower standard deviation (0.1910 ± 0.1176 mm) than that of the PN group (0.2343 ± 0.0844 mm), PG group (0.2556 ± 0.1082 mm). Conclusion: The acrylic resin synthesized by light-induced polymerization exhibited a higher accuracy of impression taking than that of autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Meanwhile, the accuracy of impression taking was not dependent on the implant impression taking method or the presence of connection/fixation of impression copings.