• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2020

The feasibility of the application of terahertz electromagnetic waves in the diagnosis of prostate cancer was examined. Four samples of incomplete cancerous prostatic paraffin-embedded tissues were examined using terahertz spectral imaging (TPI) system and the results obtained by comparing the absorption coefficient and refractive index of prostate tumor, normal prostate tissue and smooth muscle from one of the paraffin tissue masses examined were reported. Three hundred and sixty cases of absorption coefficients from one of the paraffin tissues examined were used as raw data to classify these three tissues using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM). An excellent classification with an accuracy of 92.22% in the prediction set was achieved. Using the distribution information of THz reflection signal intensity from sample surface and absorption coefficient of the sample, an attempt was made to use the TPI system to identify the boundaries of the different tissues involved (prostate tumors, normal and smooth muscles). The location of three identified regions in the terahertz images (frequency domain slice absorption coefficient imaging, 1.2 THz) were compared with those obtained from the histopathologic examination. The tissue tumor region had a distinctively visible color and could well be distinguished from other tissue regions in terahertz images. Results indicate that a THz spectroscopy imaging system can be efficiently used in conjunction with the proposed advanced computer-based mathematical analysis method to identify tumor regions in the paraffin tissue mass of prostate cancer.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2000

This study represents three-dimensional turbulent flow characteristics around an axial fan measured at the operating point ${\varphi}=0.32$, which is equivalent to the maximum flowrate region, by using three-dimensional fiber-optic type LDA system. This LDA system is composed of a 5 W Argon-ion laser, two optics in back-scatter mode, three BSA's, a PC, and a three-dimensional automatic traversing system. A kind of paraffin fog is used for laser particles in this study. Mean velocity profiles around an axial fan along the downstream radial distance show that the streamwise and the tangential components exist as a predominant velocity and have the maximum value at the radial distance ratio 0.8, while the radial component has a small scale distribution and its flow direction is inward except a part of blade tip. The turbulent intensity profiles show that the radial component exists the most greatly. And also the turbulent kinetic energy shows about 60% as a maximum value at the radial distance ratio 0.9. Moreover, the Reynolds shear stresses do not exist at upstream flow, but the streamwise and the radial components of them show about 20% as a maximum value at the radial distance ratio 0.9 at downstream flow.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.819-828
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• 2001

The operating point of a small-sized axial fan is strongly dependent upon the system resistance. Therefore, the turbulent flow characteristics around a small-sized axial fan may change significantly according to the operating point. This study represents three-dimensional turbulent flow characteristics around a small-sized axial fan measured at the ideal design point $\phi$=0.25, which is equivalent to the maximum total efficiency point, by using three dimensional fiber-optic type LDA system. This LDA system is composed of a 5 W Argon-ion laser, two optics in back-scatter mode, three BSAs, a PC, and a three-dimensional automatic traversing system. A kind of paraffin fluid is used to supply particles by means of fog generator. Mean velocity profiles downstream of a small-sized axial fan along the radial distance show that the streamwise and the tangential components exist in a predominant manner, while the radial component has a small scale distribution and shows the inflection which its flow direction is inward or outward. Moreover, the turbulent intensity profiles show that the radial component exists the most greatly among turbulent energies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.690-696
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• 1996

In order to study the affect of surfactants on the soil removal, the dispersion and polar force components of surface tension for surfactant solutions (such as LAS, AS, AOS, AES, AE) were calculated using extended Fowkes equation. The contact angles on paraffin and surface tension of surfactant solutions were measured. Cmcs of LAS, AS, AES and AE were below the concentration of 0.05%, but the cmc of AOS was between 0.05% and 0.1%. The surface tension of AE was lowest but the dispersion force component was greastest. Total surface tension of every mixed anionic surfactant was lower than that of single surfactants, and the dispersion force components were almost decreased. The addition of sodium carbonate to the sufactant solutions decreased the surface tension, and the surface tensions of surfactant solutions were lowered after washing.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.190-198
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• 2010

GTL(gas-to-liquid) fuel produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process using carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrogen(H2) is expected to be one of the environmental friendly fuel for alternative and blended to petrodiesel. But GTL have poor lubricity due to paraffin as main component of GTL which is not involve polar materials. In this paper, we had investigated the lubricity improvement of GTL fuels with various lubricants using HFRR(high frequency reciprocating rig).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 2016

In this work, we compared the emulsion states having the same composition of liquid paraffin/ Span 80-Tween 80/ pure water and the different mixing paths and temperatures. Routes reaching the final composition in three component phase diagram were composed of three different ways. The average particle size of the emulsion prepared from the different mixing routes showed a significant difference and decreased as the mixing temperature was increased. However, the mixing route affected more in the size of the emulsions than mixing temperature.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 2007

Objectives : This research was observed by examining the external and internal parts and the quantity of the surface components of the wild type and cultivar of Angelica dahurica in korea. Methods : The slice of the tested material mede by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by the microscope and examined the quantity of the surface components. Results : In the shape of the roots, the wild type had a very thin main root and 2 long roots, while the cultivar had a long root branched out from the short and thick main root making a square pyramid shape. Isoimperatorin was detected at Rt $17{\sim}18$ minutes. The wild type contained 0.56% while the cultivar contained it of 0.355%, thus the component of the wild type was about 1.5 times of that of the cultivar. Conclusions : It was thought that there might be also some differences in their genetic characteristics, etc.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 1997

Cytologic diagnosis of reactive or malignant effusion is sometimes difficult. Especially, differentiation of benign reactive mesothelial cells from malignant cells in body effusion is more difficult. Recently, immunohistochemistry has been used to diagnose difficult cases. Phospholipase $C(PLC)-{\gamma}1$ is one of the isoenzyme of the PLC which plays central role in signal transduction involving cellular growth, differentiation and transformation by phosphorylating many protein component. Increased expression of $PLC-{\gamma}1$ in human breast carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma and stomach cancers are reported. To evaluate the efficacy of positive $PLC-{\gamma}1$ immunostaining in the diagnosis of malignancy in effusions, paraffin-embedded cell blocks of pleural fluid and ascites from 10 patients(5 metastatic adenocarcinomas, and 5 reactive mesothelial cells) were immunostained with a monoclonal antibody to $PLC-{\gamma}1$. $PLC-{\gamma}1$ immuostained all the adenocarcinomas in cell block(5/5) with intense membrane pattern, however, none of the reactive mesothelial proliferations stained with the diagnostic membrane pattern. Thus, our study strongly supports the conclusion that $PLC-{\gamma}1$ immunopositivity is likely to become a useful adjunct for the diagnosis of malignancy in effusions.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.371-376
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• 2001

The operating point of a small-sized axial fan for refrigerator is strongly dependent upon the system resistance. Therefore, the turbulent flow characteristics around a small-sized axial fan may change significantly according to the operating point. This study represents three-dimensional turbulent flow characteristics around a small-sized axial fan measured at the four operating points such as $\varphi=0.1$, 0.18, 0.25 and 0.32 by using fiber-optic type LDA system. This LDA system is composed of a 5 W Argon-ion laser, two optics in back-scatter mode, three BSA's, a PC, and a three-dimensional automatic traversing system. A kind of paraffin fluid is utilized for supplying particles by means of fog generator. Mean velocity profiles downstream of a small-sized axial fan along the radial distance show that both the streamwise and the tangential components exist predominantly in downstream except $\varphi=0.1$ and have a maximum value at the radial distance ratio of about 0.8, but the radial component, which its velocity is relatively small, is acting role that only turns flow direction to the outside or the central part of axial fan. Moreover, all of the velocity components downstream at $\varphi=0.1$ show much smaller than those upstream due to the static pressure rise at the low-flowrate region.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 1997

Objectives: Salivary gland tumors pose considerable difficulty in diagnostic and prognostic assessment based on the histopathologic features alone. We studied the expression of type IV collagen and fibronectin in salivary gland tumors with special emphasis on the differential diagnostic significance. Materials and Methods: We did immunohistochemical stain on paraffin embedded tissues of 33 benign and 24 malignant salivary gland tumors using monoclonal antibody for type IV collagen and polyclonal antibody for fibronectin. Results: 1) Well preserved linear basement membrane-like staining of type IV collagen was detected in duct-cell-derived benign salivary gland tumors. But pleomorphic adenoma exhibited a heterogeneous pattern as focal augmentation and interruption. 2) In malignant tumors, type IV collagen was distributed in an irregular, interrupted manner or completely absent. Adenoid cystic carcinomas displayed a marked staining of the basal membrane associated substances in the pseudocysts. 3) The staining pattern of fibronectin was similar to that of type IV collagen execpt more dense in the stroma. 4) Salivary gland tumors which have a prominent myoepithelial cell component revealed a particular deposition of basement membrane materials adjacent to the myoepithelial cells. Conclusion: The study of the basal membrane substances may be helpful for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and identifying special features of salivary gland tumors such as pseudocystic pattern of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Also we think that the myoepithelial cells contribute to the formation of basement membrane materials.