• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.96-108
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• 2012

In modern society, humans' misdirected aspirations towards ideal beauty are discussed and criticized. This research utilizes a paradox to express the modern standard of beauty and the society's homogenization of it through plastic surgery. An empirical analysis was conducted of the artist's works that reflect anti-lookism. The works were classified as provocation, aesthetic, symbolic and paradoxical depending on the variety of the artists' approaches and expressions. Also, this part looks at anti-lookism cases in modern fashion industry that were given lascivious expressions. They characterized various types of human beauty. Anti-lookism is a movement that goes against this social trend. It seeks to awaken modern citizens from blind submission to homogenized beauty and commercialization of humans. This study intends to offer an image of ideal beauty that should appreciate and the concept of an ideal female body. The author hope that further researches are done in social, political, cultural and other levels of the society to establish anti-lookism.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1674-1684
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• 1994

An efficient iterative method is presented for the dynamic analysis of bodies moving on flexible structures. In contrast to traditional approaches, the nominal motion of the body is considered here as an unknown. The correct contact forces between the bodies and the flexible structures are computed by an iterative method reducing the specially defined error vectors to zero, and thus satisfying the constraints between the bodies and the structures. Even thought only simple equations of motions and simple time integrators are adopted, the correct solutions are economically obtained and the Timoshenko paradox is completely resolved. Numerical simulations are conducted demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the solution and to compare the results with the reference.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2024

Background: Results of studies investigating the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been conflicting. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective observational study, conducted between January 2020 and August 2021, evaluated the impact of obesity on outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 in a Korean national cohort. A total of 1,114 patients were enrolled from 22 tertiary referral hospitals or university-affiliated hospitals, of whom 1,099 were included in the analysis, excluding 15 with unavailable height and weight information. The effect(s) of BMI on patients with severe COVID-19 were analyzed. Results: According to the World Health Organization BMI classification, 59 patients were underweight, 541 were normal, 389 were overweight, and 110 were obese. The overall 28-day mortality rate was 15.3%, and there was no significant difference according to BMI. Univariate Cox analysis revealed that BMI was associated with 28-day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.96; p=0.045), but not in the multivariate analysis. Additionally, patients were divided into two groups based on BMI ≥25 kg/m² and underwent propensity score matching analysis, in which the two groups exhibited no significant difference in mortality at 28 days. The median (interquartile range) clinical frailty scale score at discharge was higher in nonobese patients (3 [3 to 5] vs. 4 [3 to 6], p<0.001). The proportion of frail patients at discharge was significantly higher in the nonobese group (28.1% vs. 46.8%, p<0.001). Conclusion: The obesity paradox was not evident in this cohort of patients with severe COVID-19. However, functional outcomes at discharge were better in the obese group.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 2011

This study inquires into the change between two method of indivisibles, which Cavalier suggested. To cope with the objection of use of indivisibles, he modified his first method of indivisibles. Through the analysis of this transition, this study reveals the feature that Cavalier changed into reflecting the density of the figures so as to avoid the paradox related to the indivisibles and this change has the aspect of incomplete lemma-incorporation method according to Lakatos' theory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.35-46
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• 2004

Activation energy asymptotics (AEA) for Linan#s premixed-flame regime is revisited in this paper. First, the detailed AEA procedure for the premixed-flame regime is demonstrated, so that the practitioners of AEA could easily apply the method to their own problems. In addition, the controversies surrounding the premixed-flame regime, namely the closure controversy and fast-time instability paradox, are explained. Finally, the limitation of AEA, mainly arising from the wrong prediction of fuel leakage through the reaction zone, is examined and the Zel#dovich-Linan kinetics is introduced as an alternative to meet the needs of modern combustion analysis, where the detailed chemical structure of flame is demanded.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.149-168
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• 2008

Many organizations have introduced information technology (IT) as an innovation to gain competitive advantages as business environments have become increasingly complex and rapidly changing. Despite the large investment of IT, there have been mixed results about whether IT creates business values. Considering that IT assimilation may play an important role in explaining IT productivity paradox, this study examines the formation of IT assimilation and its effect on the organizational performance. To do so, this study suggests a research model based on Innovation Diffusion Theory by incorporating organization system, communication channel, change acceptability, and innovation factors, and then attempts to empirically explore the role of IT assimilation for enhanced organizational performance using data collected at the organizational level. Structural equation analysis using AMOS provides significant support for part of proposed relationships. Specifically, we have found encouraging results on the role of IT assimilation by identifying its mediating effect on the organizational performance. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed accordingly.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.597-611
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• 2007

Many works have been done in classical theory of thermoelasticity in materials with memory by researchers like Nunziato, Chen and Gurtine and many others. No work is located in generalized thermoelasticity regarding materials with memory till date. The present paper deals with the wave propagation in materials with memory in generalized thermoelasticity. Plane progressive waves and Rayleigh waves have been discussed in details. In the classical theory of heat conduction it was observed that heat propagates with infinite speed. This paradox has been removed in the present discussion. The set of governing equations has been developed in the present analysis. The results of wave velocity and attenuation coefficient corresponding to low and high frequency have been obtained. For thermal wave the results show appreciable differences with those in the usual thermoelasticity theory.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-72
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• 2016

Extant research on firm innovation productivity is limited in measuring the innovation productivity, in which they measured firm innovation productivity by using either inputs or outputs of innovation. The present study complemented the extant research by employing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to measure firm innovation productivity. Furthermore, this paper examined the effects of firms' external knowledge search, as one of open innovation practices, on firm innovation productivity, for open innovation activities are regarded as an influencing factor on firm innovation productivity in the previous literatures. Using the data of the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) of manufacturing industries conducted in 2008, this study developed hypotheses in which we considered not only two dimensions of external knowledge search (breadth and depth) but also two subtypes of external knowledge search (market-driven and science-driven). The results found that searching deeply and market-driven search are positively related to firm innovation productivity, but science-driven search is somewhat negatively related to firm innovation productivity. Furthermore, market-driven search can mitigate the negative effect of science-driven search on innovation productivity.

• Journal of Information Technology Application
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.25-48
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• 2001

This Study intends to Investigate the economic impact of information technology investment. Six countries in OECD are selected and analyzed to understand the empirical relationship between informatization level and productivity Correlation test and regression analysis are executed, using macro data concerning informatization index, total factor productivity and real output per worker hour The impact of informatization level on productivity is characterized by the time lag effect which is used to explain the productivity paradox in precedent studies. Empirical analysis shows that the higher informatization level and information intensity, the lower time lag effect. The result indicates that IT investment has characteristic as sunk cost and the economic impact is appeared after a certain period of time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 1999

The Purpose of this study is to test whether Braess Paradox (BP) can be revealed in a real world network. Fer the study, Namsan 2nd tunnel case is chosen, which was shut down for 3 years for repair works. The revelation of BP is determined by analyzing network-wise traffic impacts followed by the tunnel closure. The analysis is conducted using a network simulation model called SECOMM developed for the congestion management of the Seoul metropolitan area. Also, the existence of BP is further identified by a before-after traffic survey result of the major arterials nearby the Namsan 2nd tunnel. The model estimation expected that the closure of Namsan 2nd tunnel improve the network-wise average traffic speed from 21.95km/h to 22.21km/h when the travel demand in the study area and congestion Pricing scheme on Namsan 1st & 3rd tunnels remain unchanged. In addition, the real world monitoring results of the corridors surrounding Namsan 2nd tunnel show that the average speed increases from 29.53km/h to 30.37km/h after the closure. These findings clearly identify the BP Phenomenon is revealed in this case.