• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 2016

In this paper, the problem of interfacial stresses in steel beams strengthened with a fiber reinforced polymer plates is analyzed using linear elastic theory. The analysis is based on the deformation compatibility approach developed by Tounsi (2006) where both the shear and normal stresses are assumed to be invariant across the adhesive layer thickness. The analysis provides efficient calculations for both shear and normal interfacial stresses in steel beams strengthened with composite plates, and accounts for various effects of Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus of adhesive. Such interfacial stresses play a fundamental role in the mechanics of plated beams, because they can produce a sudden and premature failure. The analysis is based on equilibrium and deformations compatibility approach developed by Tounsi (2006). In the present theoretical analysis, the adherend shear deformations are taken into account by assuming a parabolic shear stress through the thickness of both the steel beam and bonded plate. The paper is concluded with a summary and recommendations for the design of the strengthened beam.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.335-353
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• 2024

In the present paper, a simple quasi-3D integral higher-order beam theory (HBT) is presented, in which both shear deformation and thickness stretching effects are included for mechanical analysis of advanced composite beams with simply supported boundary conditions, handling mainly bending, buckling, and free vibration problems. The kinematics is based on a novel displacement field which includes the undetermined integral terms and the parabolic function is used in terms of thickness coordinate to represent the effect of transverse shear deformation. The governing equilibrium equations are drawn from the dynamic version of the principle of virtual work; whereas the solution of the problem is obtained by assuming a Navier technique for simply supported advanced composite beams subjected to sinusoidally and uniformly distributed loads. The correctness of the present computational method is checked by comparing the obtained numerical results with quasi-3D solutions found in the literature and with those provided by other shear deformation beam theories. It can be confirmed that the proposed model, which does not involve any shear correction factor, is not only accurate but also simple and useful in solving the static and dynamic response of advanced composite beams.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1991

The nonlinear forward diffraction of a modulated wave train by a thin wedge has been studied analytically. Since the physical variables involved in the problem have vastly different scales, the multiple scale expansion method has been used to obtain an approximate solution. To simplify the problem. the wedge is assumed to be thin and the parabolic approximation is utilized. The wave evolution can be described by a kind of the cubic Schrodinger equation. which consists of the linear time evolution. the lateral dispersion and the nonlinearity. Numerical results indicate that the nonlinearity. which it defined by the ratio of the ratio of the incident wave to the wedge angle. governs the amplitude and the stability of diffracted waves. The instability of dirffracted waves becomes more pronounced as the nonlinearity increases and the modulation ratio decreases. It is also found that the stem waves. initially developed along the wedge. can not sustain for a long time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.88-95
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• 2003

The weighted sum of gray gas model(WSGGM) is applied to arbitrary mixtures of CO$_2$ and H$_2$0 gases. To evaluate this model, the spectral and total intensities are obtained for two different problem types. One has uniform, parabolic and boundary layer type temperature profiles with uniform partial pressure, and the other has nonuniform partial pressure and temperature profile. The results obtained from the two different problem types show fairly good agreements with the results obtained by the statistical narrow band model(SNB model) which is regarded as the reference solutions. The WSGGM and its data base provided by this study can be used for analysis of radiative transfer by combustion gases with different thermal loadings and chemical compositions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.5
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• pp.551-562
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• 2019

In the present study, a suitable mathematical model considering parabolic transverse shear strains for dynamic analysis of laminated composite skew plates under different types of impulse and spatial loads was presented for the first time. The proposed mathematical model satisfies zero transverse shear strain at the top and bottom of the plate. On the basis of the cubic variation of thickness coordinate in in-plane displacement fields of the present mathematical model, a 2D finite element (FE) model was developed including skew transformations in the mathematical model. No shear correction factor is required in the present formulation and damping effect was also incorporated. This is the first FE implementation considering a cubic variation of thickness coordinate in in-plane displacement fields including skew transformations to solve the forced vibration problem of composite skew plates. The effect of transverse shear and rotary inertia was incorporated in the present model. The Newmark-${\beta}$ scheme was adapted to perform time integration from step to step. The $C^0$ FE formulation was implemented to overcome the problem of $C^1$ continuity associated with the cubic variation of thickness coordinate in in-plane displacement fields. The numerical studies showed that the present 2D FE model predicts the result close to the analytical results. Many new results varying different parameter such as skew angles, boundary conditions, etc. were presented.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.425-438
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• 2012

In this paper, We propose Augmented Reality (AR) System for the interaction between user's hand motion and virtual object motion based on computer vision. The previous AR system provides inconvenience to user because the users have to control the marker and the sensor like a tracker. We solved the problem through hand motion and provide the convenience to the user. Also the motion of virtual object using a physical phenomenon gives a reality. The proposed system obtains geometrical information by the marker and hand. The system environments like virtual space of moving virtual ball and bricks are made by using the geometrical information and user's hand motion is obtained from the hand's information with extracted feature point through the taping hand. And it registers a virtual plane stably by getting movement of the feature points. The movement of the virtual ball basically is parabolic motion with a parabolic equation. When the collision occurs either the planes or the bricks, we show movement of the virtual ball with ball position and normal vector of plane and the ball position is faulted. So we showed corrected ball position through experiment. and we proved that this system can replaced the marker system to compare to jitter of augmented virtual object and progress speed with it.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.4 s.21
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• pp.44-52
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• 2003

In this work dynamic heat transfer in a CPFS (cable penetration fire stop) system built in the firewall of nuclear power plants is three-dimensionally investigated to develop a test-simulator that can be used to verify effectiveness of the sealant. Dynamic heat transfer in the fire stop system is formulated in a parabolic PDE (partial differential equation) subjected to a set of initial and boundary conditions. First, the PDE model is divided into two parts; one corresponding to heat transfer in the axial direction and the other corresponding to heat transfer on the vertical planes. The first PDE is converted to a series of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) at finite discrete axial points for applying the numerical method of SOR (successive over-relaxation) to the problem. The ODEs are solved by using an ODE solver In such manner, the axial heat flux can be calculated at least at the finite discrete points. After that, all the planes are separated into finite elements, where the time and spatial functions are assumed to be of orthogonal collocation state at each element. The initial condition of each finite element can be obtained from the above solution. The heat fluxes on the vertical planes are calculated by the Galerkin FEM (finite element method). The CPFS system was modeled, simulated, and analyzed here. The simulation results were illustrated in three-dimensional graphics. Through simulation, it was shown clearly that the temperature distribution was influenced very much by the number, position, and temperature of the cable stream, and that dynamic heat transfer through the cable stream was one of the most dominant factors, and that the feature of heat conduction could be understood as an unsteady-state process.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.671-685
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• 2020

This manuscript presents impacts of gradation of material functions and axial load functions on critical buckling loads and mode shapes of functionally graded (FG) thin and thick beams by using higher order shear deformation theory, for the first time. Volume fractions of metal and ceramic materials are assumed to be distributed through a beam thickness by both sigmoid law and symmetric power functions. Ceramic-metal-ceramic (CMC) and metal-ceramic-metal (MCM) symmetric distributions are proposed relative to mid-plane of the beam structure. The axial compressive load is depicted by constant, linear, and parabolic continuous functions through the axial direction. The equilibrium governing equations are derived by using Hamilton's principles. Numerical differential quadrature method (DQM) is developed to discretize the spatial domain and covert the governing variable coefficients differential equations and boundary conditions to system of algebraic equations. Algebraic equations are formed as a generalized matrix eigenvalue problem, that will be solved to get eigenvalues (buckling loads) and eigenvectors (mode shapes). The proposed model is verified with respectable published work. Numerical results depict influences of gradation function, gradation parameter, axial load function, slenderness ratio and boundary conditions on critical buckling loads and mode-shapes of FG beam structure. It is found that gradation types have different effects on the critical buckling. The proposed model can be effective in analysis and design of structure beam element subject to distributed axial compressive load, such as, spacecraft, nuclear structure, and naval structure.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.247-258
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• 2004

The composite shell element is developed for the solution of undamped forced vibration problem of composite curved panels. The finite element used in the current study is an 4-node enhanced assumed shell element with six degrees of freedom per node. The composite shell element is free of both shear and membrane locking phenomenon by using the enhanced assumed strain(EAS) method. A modification to the first-order shear deformation shell theory is proposed, which results in parabolic thorough-thickness distribution of the transverse shear strains and stresses. It eliminates the need for shear correction factors in the first order theory. Newmark's direct integration technique is used for carrying out the integration of the equation motion, to obtain the repones history. Parametric studies of curved composite panels are carried out for forced vibration analysis by geometrical shapes and by laminated composite; such as fiber orientation, stacking sequence.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.898-905
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• 2005

Iris recognition Is that identifies a user based on the unique iris muscle patterns which has the functionalities of dilating or contracting pupil region. Because it is reported that iris recognition is more accurate than other biometries such as face, fingerprint, vein and speaker recognition, iris recognition is widely used in the high security application domain. However, if unnecessary information such as eyelid and eyelash is included in iris region, the error for iris recognition is increased, consequently. In detail, if iris region is used to generate iris code including eyelash and eyelid, the iris codes are also changed and the error rate is increased. To overcome such problem, we propose the method of detecting eyelid by using pyramid searching parabolic deformable template. In addition, we detect the eyelash by using the eyelash mask. Experimental results show that EER(Equal Error Rate) for iris recognition using the proposed algorithm is lessened as much as $0.3\%$ compared to that not using it.