• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2013

A lysine histidine transporter (LHT) cDNA was isolated and characterized from the roots of Panax ginseng, designated PgLHT. The cDNA is 1,865 bp with an open reading frame that codes for a protein with 449 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 50.6 kDa with a predicted isoelectric point of 8.87. Hydropathy analysis shows that PgLHT is an integral membrane protein with 9 putative membrane-spanning domains. Multiple sequence alignments show that PgLHT shares a high homology with other plant LHTs. The expression profile of the gene was investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction during various chemical treatments. PgLHT was up-regulated in the presence of abscisic acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, NaCl, and amino acids. To further explore the function of PgLHT gene, full-length cDNA of PgLHT was introduced into P. ginseng by Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. The overexpression of PgLHT in the hairy roots led to an obviously increase of biomass compared to the controls, and after addition of the amino acids, the overexpressed-PgLHT hairy roots grew more rapidly than untreated controls during early stage of the culture cycle. The results suggested that the PgLHT isolated from ginseng might have role in the environmental stresses and growth response.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.673-678
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• 2009

The cDNA of alcohol dehydrogenase (PgADH) was isolated and characterized from the leaf of Panax ginseng. The cDNA had an open reading frame of 801 bp and a deduced amino acid sequence of 266 residues. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein is approximately 29 kDa with a predicated isoelectric point of 6.84. Homology analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid of PgADH shares a high degree of homology with the short-chain ADH proteins of other plants. Genomic DNA hybridization analysis indicated that PgADH represents a multi-gene family. The expression of PgADH under various environmental stresses was analyzed at different time points using real-time PCR. ABA, SA and especially JA (80-fold) significantly induced PgADH expression within 24 h of treatment. The positive responses of PgADH to abiotic stimuli suggest that ginseng ADH may protect against hormone-related environmental stresses.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 1990

Using an ethopharmacological technique, we demonstrated that saponin fraction from red ginseng root possessed a potent psychotropic actions on either intermale or maternal aggression models. A series of experiments clearly indicated that one of psychoactive ingredient is ginsenoside Rbl. Although a drug-induced debilitation of motor performance remains a possible cause of the antiaggressive affect of the drug. ginsenoside Rbl did not alter the locomotor activity of the mice during agonistic confrontations. Thus. one can eliminate the possibility that the psychotropic effect of ginsenoside Rbl might be concealed by a drug-induced impairment of motor performance. More recently, we developed a nevi model for copulatory disorder and introduced into the behavioral analysis of drug action. Male mice which has been housed individually from weaning for 5 weeks failed to manifest copulatory behavior when they encountered with the sexually receptive females. Daily administration of crude ginseng saponin during isolation housing period prevented the development of copulatory disorder, whereas both ginsenoside Rbl and Rgl were ineffective. A further experiment may be needed to explore active ingredient of ginseng saponins.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.185-198
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• 1996

After evaluation of antithrombotic effect of 40 herbs on platelet aggregation induced by ADP(Adenosine diphosphate), these results were obtained as follows: 1. Crude drugs exerting over 30 % of in Chinemys reevesii (Gray)hibition on platelet aggregation induced by ADP were Ganoderma japonicum (Fr.) Lloyd., Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Gastrodia elata Bl., Thea sinensis, Chinemys reevesii (Gray), Cuscuta chinensis Lam., Cervus nippon Temminck., Biota orientalis (L.) Endl., Coriolus versicolor, Cinnamomum cassia Presl., Sophora flavescens Ait., Amomum villosum Lour., Carthamus tinctorius L., Rubus chingii Hu., Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf., Laminana japonica Aresch., Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Angelica sineusis (Oliv.), Cyperus rotundas L., Ginkgo biloba L., Zingiber officinale Rosc., Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Plantago asiatica L.. 2. Of crude drugs having showed over 50% of inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, the inhibitory rates were 82.2% in Ganoderma japonicum (Fr.) Lloyd., 55% in Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., 50.8% in Gastrodia elata Bl., while at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, antithrombotic rates were 89.4% in Ganoderma japonicum (Fr.) Lloyd., 59.2% in Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., 57.9% in Thea sinensis, 52.7% in Gastrodia elata Bl.. These results suggest that the study sholuld be necessary on antithrombotic effect of solvent fractions of Ganoderma japonicum (Fr.) Lloyd., Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Gastrodia elaha B1. and Thea sinensis and isolation of effective compound from above drugs.

• 생약학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.39-43
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• 1983

Polyamine constituents of fresh Panax ginseng root and dried white ginseng were extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid, respectively. The isolation of polyamine constituents was conducted by the cation exchange chromatography using $Dowex-50W{\times}8$ resin and the detection was performed with TLC. Identification of the polyamine was carried out by the methods of IR, NMR, MS spectroscopy and GLC. Polyamine constituents of white and fresh ginseng root were identical and composed of five different polyamines. The major polyamine in white and fresh ginseng root was determined as putrescine.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2019

고려인삼(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)을 70% EtOH 수용액으로 저온 추출한 뒤, 감압 농축한 추출물을SiO₂, ODS column chromatograph 및 중압분취(MPLC) 장비를 반복 실시하여 4종의 인삼 사포닌 화합물을 분리 및 정제하였다. NMR 및 고분해능 질량분석 장비를 이용하여 malonyl ginsenoside Rd (1), Rc (2), Rb2 (3), 및 Rb1 (4)로 구조 동정하였다. 분리한 4종의 화합물에 대하여 UPLC-MS/MS 질량분석기를 이용하여 수삼의 5년 및 6년근 뿌리의 동체를 정량분석 하였으며, malonyl ginsenoside의 총 함량의 합은 각각 6.62 및 2.34 mg/g으로 5년근이 약 2.8배 높은 것을 확인하였다. 인삼으로부터 분리된 화합물 중 malonyl ginsenoside Rd의 경우, 알코올에 의해 저해된 HepG2세포에 대해서 간세포를 보호하는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.175-189
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• 1990

Nitrogen compounds of Panax ginseng and their biological activities in plant and animal were reviewed. Major nitrogen compounds found in P. ginseng are free amino acids. Water solilble proteins, indouble proteins and peptides. Minor nitrogen compounds are dencichine. Glycolyroteins, amines, alkaloides, methoxy or alkyl pyrazine derivatives, free nucleosides and nucleic acid bases. 4-methyl-i-thiazoltethanol and pyroglutamic acid the contents of total nitrogen and protein in root Increased until 13 years old which was the highest age tinder investigation. Soluble protein content increased with the root weight and was higher in xylem pith than cortex-epidermis indicating the close relation with root growth. Arginine, which covered 58% of total free amino acids, may serve as storage nitrogen. Arginine seems to be changed into proline in rhizome. threonine in stem and again threonine and arginine in leaf. The greater the root weight the higher the polyamine stimulated Polyamine stimlllated the growth of root callus. Physiological roles of other minor nitrogen compounds are unknown although content is relatively high ((1.if) 6.w). Biochemical and pharmacological activities of some nitrogen compounds for animal were more investigated than physiological role there plant itself. Radiation and U.V protective function (heat stable protein). insulin-like activity in lipogenesis and livolysis (adenosine and pyroglutamic acid), depression of blood sugar content (glycopevtide). htmostatic and nellrotoxic activity (dencichine) and, sedative and hypnotic activity (4-methyl-i-thiazoleethanol) are reported. Heat stable protein increased with root age. The traditional quality criteria appear to be well in accordance with biological activities of nitrogen compounds. Chemical studies of nitrogen compounds seem relatively rare, probably due to difficulty of isolation, subsequently the investigations of biological activities are little.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.317-331
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• 1990

Nitrogen compounds of Panax ginseng and their biological activities in plant and animal were reviewed. Major nitrogen combounds found in P. ginseng are free amino acids, Water soluble teins, insoluble proteins and peptides. Minor nitrogen compounds are dencichine. glycol)roteins. amines, alkaloides, methoxy or alkyl pyrazine derivatives. free nucleosides and nllrleir arid bases. 4-me- thymi-5-thiazoleethanol and pyroglutamic acid. The contents of total nitrogen and protein in root increased until 13 years old rvhich was the highest age tinder investigation. Soluble protein content increased With the root weight and was higher in xylem pith than cortex-epidermis indicating the rlosc relation with root growth. Arginine which covered 58% of total free amino aroids may serve as a storage nitrogen. Arginine seems to be changed into proline in rhizome, threonine in stem and again threoning and arginine in leaf. The greater the root weight the higher the polyaminc content. Polyamine stimulated the growth of root callus. Physiological roles of other minor nitrogen compounds are unknown although dencichine content is relatively high (0.5% d.w.). biochemical and pharmatological activities of some nitrogen compounds for animal were more investigated than physiological roll iota plant itself. Radiation and U.V. protective function (heat stable protein), insulin-like activity in lipogenesis and lipolysis (adenosine and pyroglutamic acid), depression of blood sugar content (glycopeptide). hemostatir and nellrotoxic activity (denrichine) and. sedative and hypnotic activity (4-methyl-5-thiazoleethilnol) are reported. Heat stable protein increased with root age. The traditional quality critsria appear to be well in accordance with biological activities of nitrogen compounds. Chemical stlldies of nitrogen compounds seem relatively rare, probably dole to difficulty of isolation, subsequently the investigations of biological activities are little.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.300-304
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• 2008

14년생 인삼의 뿌리로부터 cDNA library를 제작한 후 무작위로 뽑은 EST clone 중에서 cysteine proteinase(CP) 유전자에 높은 상동성을 나타내는 clone 6개를 선발하였고 이를 바탕으로 PgCysP1을 제작하였다. 인삼의 CP 유전자는 전장의 길이가 1,398bp로 366개의 아미노산을 코딩하는 1,101bp의 ORF를 가지고 있다. PgCysP1의 아미노산 서열과 이차구조를 분석한 결과, 기존에 보고된 식물들과 높은 상동성을 나타내었으며 PgCysP1는 papain family에 속하는 것으로 확인되었다. RT-PCR 분석결과, 인삼의 PgCysP1는 NaCl, 저온, wound, salicylic acid에 대해 그 발현 양상이 상동성을 나타내는 다른식물의 CP 유전자 발현과 유사한 양성을 보였고, 이에 PgCysP1은 CP gene으로 사료되며, 앞으로 인삼 식물체의 환경 스트레스에 대한 내성 연구가 요구된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.432-436
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• 2014

The soil-borne ascomycete fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans causes ginseng root rot disease and produces various secondary metabolites such as brefeldin A and radicicol. The slow growth of this fungus compared with other plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi in soil disturbs isolation of this fungus from soil and infected ginseng. In this study, we developed a selective medium for C. destructans using radicicol produced by this fungus. Supplementing 50 mg/L of radicicol to medium inhibited the mycelia growth of other fungi including Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria panax, but did not affect the growth of C. destructans. In addition, conidia germination of other fungal species except for C. destructans was inhibited in submerged culture supplemented with radicicol. This medium provides a very efficient tool for isolating C. destructans and also can be used as an enrichment medium for this fungus.