• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2003

Purpose The cold hypersensitivity is a subjective symptom and it is very difficult to evaluate the severity. It is possible to detect cold hypersensitivity by measuring the skin temperature on DITI, but there is limitation only using DITI to find the objective grade of the symptom. To set a new objective standard for the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity, we examined the relationship between the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for the cold hypersensitivity and the change of skin temperature on hands by cold stress test Method 23 patients with symptom of cold hypersensitivity were participated as subjects who visited the women medical center of Kangnam Kyunghee Korean Hospital, Kyung Hee Univ. from May 1, 2002 to August 31, 2002. There were all carefully examined to rule out other disease such as obesity, skin diseases, spinal nerve lesions and external wounds. Thermographic observations for this study were made using DITI. We performed cold stress test three times to compare with the results from thermographic observations by DITI: first, after 15 minutes-resting, second, right after 1 minutes soak in $20^{\circ}C$ water, the third for last, 10 minutes after the soak. VAS score was chosen to determine the severity of cold hypersensitivity. Result 1 male and 22 female patients were participated ranging in age from 22.17 to 45.21. There was a significant negative correlation between the recovery rate of finger skin temperature after cold stress test and the VAS score. And there was a significant positive correlation between the difference of finger skin temperature and the back and palm of hands after cold stress test and the VAS score. Conclusion In cold hypersensitivity patients, the cold stress test combined with DITI could be a accurate method for the objective evaluation of cold hypersensitivity, especially good at deciding the severity by numeric values. Using a more strict criterion, as diagnosing of cold hypersensitivity, and longer follow-up may improve the validity of the results attained in clinical trials.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine skin adhesion rate of children's modeling clay for exposure assessment. Methods: Children's modeling clays were classified into 10 categories as PVA clay, PVA soft clay, starch-based clay, foam clay, rubber clay, oil clay, muddy clay, terra clay, paper clay and slime. A total of 26 children's clay goods was selected. Moisture content (%) and hardness of clays were measured. Five adults aged 20 to 25were recruited for experiment. Gravimetric difference of modeling clay was determined after 3 minutes playing time. Skin adhesion rate ($g/min/cm^2$) was estimated bythe amount of skin adhesion per minute (g/min) and each individual's palm surface area ($cm^2$). Results: Twenty four of the 26 children's modeling clay products were adhesive to skins. Two products of foam and rubber clay were not adhered to skin. For the 24 products, the average skin adhesion rate was $5.5{\times}10^{-4}{\pm}4.0{\times}10^{-4}g/min/cm^2$. The highest skin adhesion rate was $1.3{\times}10^{-3}{\pm}4.4{\times}10^{-4}g/min/cm^2$ for paper clay. The lowest skin adhesion rate was $4.6{\times}10^{-5}{\pm}1.1{\times}10^{-4}g/min/cm^2$ for oil clay. The skin adhesion rate was increased with increase of moisture content. Adhesion rates of some clays were varied by person and testing trials. Conclusion: The study determined skin adhesion rate of children's modeling clay. The adhesion rate is useful for exposure and risk assessments and setting safety guideline to protect children's health.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.441-448
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• 2010

In the aging society, the walking assist robot is a necessary device for being able to help the older and the lower limb disabled people to walk. In order to produce a convenient robot for the older and the lower limb disabled, it is needed for the research to detect the implicit walking intention and to control robot by a user's intention. This study is a previous study to develop the detection model of the walking intention and analyze the user's walking intention while a person is walking with Lofstrand crutches, by the combination of FSR and tilt signals. The FSR sensors attached user's the palm and the soles of foot are sensing force/pressure signals from these areas and are used for detecting the walking intention and states. The tilt sensor acquires roll and pitch signal from area of vertebrae lumbales and reflects the pose of the upper limb. We can recognize the user's walking intention such as 'start walking', 'start of right or left foot forward', and 'stop walking' by the combination of FSR and tilt signals can recognize.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2001

The hand with amputation of all fingers is useless for activities of daily living and traumatic amputation of some of the fingers can result in the diminished ability to perform power grip and precision grip which is vital to maintain normal function of the hand. Precision grip is used to hold an object between the opposable thumb and flexed fingers. In power grip the object is held between the flexed fingers and the palm while the thumb applies the necessary counterpressure to maintain the grip on the object. A 35 year old male lost his right all fingers including thumb at the level of proximal phalanx from the pressure machinary accident. Thumb was reconstructed using wrap around flap and the second and third fingers were reconstructed using the second and third toe transplantation. Seven years after reconstruction, he uses the reconstructed thumb and the second and the third fingers for eating meals, writing down a paper with a pencil and putting on socks.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.1067-1075
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• 2006

This paper proposes a advanced representation method of hand motion by cheremes analysis in korean sign language. The proposed method is the representation method which apply to the hand motion used in KSL(Korean Sign Language) to represent rich and united hand motion. Words or sentences in KSL are completed by combination of elements called as Cheremes, that is, a hand movement orientation, a finger shape, a hand position, etc. In this paper, Cheremes composing the KSL is divided and represented by 5 elements: the hand movement orientation(HMO), finger shape(FS), hand orientation(HO), hand position(HP) and number of using hand (HN). Each cheremes is expressed by more various characteristics. For example, The hand movement orientation means orientations which the hand move while the sign language is done and can be expressed by 17orientation components. The finger shape means various shapes which fingers can take and represented by 17 components. The Orientation of hand is expressed by 2 characteristics according to whether we use the palm of the hand or the back. The position of hand means specific regions in body which hand(s) is placed while the sign language is done and divided by 8 regions. Finally, the number of hand means whether use only one hand or both hands and is expressed by 2 characteristics. The proposed method has been tested with KSL words and sentences and the results have shown that they can be expressed completely by the proposed representation method.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.456-460
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• 1999

Background: Thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis has been recognized as an effective treatment using thoracoscopic devices and operative techniques, but the satisfaction has decreased due to a compensatory hyperhidrosis. Therefore, the postoperative results and compensatory hyperhidrosis were analyzed. We also measured the temperature differences in the hand and foot during the preoperative and postoperative periods and measured the blood flow of upper and lower extremities. Material and Method: From December 1995 to July 1998, total of 47 patients with hyperhidrosis underwent sympathectomy via VATS at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. The patients were evaluated for preoperative and postoperative temperature changes on the finger and toe, and preoperative and postoperative blood flows were measured by the Doppler examination on the digital artery, radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery. Result: There were no operative deaths but some complications existed: 7 pneumothorax, 3 recurrence and 1 Honor syndrome. Ninety-five percent of the patients also had compensatory sweating especially in the trunk. There were 5 patients who regretted recurring the operation because of the compensatory sweating. Sweating decreased in 46% of the sole hyperhidrosis patients. The temperature difference between preoperation and postoperation was 1$^{\circ}C$ on the right hand side and 1.9$^{\circ}C$ on the left hand side(P<0.05). There was no significant temperature difference on the sole. Blood flow increased significantly in the palm, but no difference in the sole. Conclusion: In conclusion, thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis is a safe and effective treatment but satisfaction has been decreased by the compensatory sweating; therefore, it is important to thoroughly explain the compensatory sweating prior to surgery. Improvement of the plantar hyperhidrosis is not due to a physiological change, but to a psychological stability.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2008

Purpose: Lipomatous tumor occurred in hand is very rare. There is a broad spectrum of lipomatous tumors including lipomas, variants of lipomas, lipomatosis, liposarcomas and so on. We report the clinical features of 11 cases of lipomatous tumor which occurred in hand. Materials and Methods: Between 1992 and 2008, 11 cases were histologically diagnosed as lipomatous tumor in hand. We reviewed all medical records and clinical photographs retrospectively and ascertained recurrence by telephone interview. Results: Eight cases were ordinary lipomas. Three cases were angiolipoma, fibrolipoma and atypical lipoma respectively. Four cases occurred in finger, two cases in thenar area, two cases in hypothenar area, one case in palm, two cases in wrist. All cases were situated on volar surface. All patients complained of palpable masses. One patient with subungal angiolipoma felt pain. There was no neurologic sign or vascular symptom preoperatively. In one case, postoperative complication (hypoesthesia in $5^{th}$ finger) was developed. There was no local recurrence. Conclusion: In our study, lipomatous tumors occurred in hand did not recur. Patients mainly complained of feeling of lump. Pain was uncommon symptom. Postoperative complication was rare if operation was performed carefully.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.423-430
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• 2013

Recently, the personal identification technologies using vein pattern of back of the hand, palm, and finger have been developed actively because it has the advantage that the vein blood vessel in the body is impossible to damage, make a replication and forge. However, it is difficult to extract clearly the vein region from captured vein images through common image prcessing based region segmentation method, because of the light scattering and non-uniform internal tissue by skin layer and inside layer skeleton, etc. Especially, it takes a long time for processing time and makes a discontinuity of blood vessel just in a image because it has non-uniform illumination due to use a locally different adaptive threshold for the binarization of acquired finger-vein image. To solve this problem, we propose illumination normalization based fast method for extracting the finger-vein region. The proposed method has advantages compared to the previous methods as follows. Firstly, for remove a non-uniform illumination of the captured vein image, we obtain a illumination component of the captured vein image by using a low-pass filter. Secondly, by extracting the finger-vein path using one time binarization of a single threshold selection, we were able to reduce the processing time. Through experimental results, we confirmed that the accuracy of extracting the finger-vein region was increased and the processing time was shortened than prior methods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.256-265
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• 2013

With economic development and ever-changing technology, human has entered the era of "Product-as-a-Service". At the same time, the update of the product gradually accelerated. The demand of consumers for products are slowly changed, they pay more attention to convenience, comfort and reliable quality and safety of the product. That is the humanized design problem that often mentioned in the product design. This also put forward new requirements for the design and development of product modeling. So how to reflect the humanized ideas in the product design has also become common focus of attention of product designers, users and producers of a new era. The paper is based on the principles of ergonomics to investigate and improve the daily life utensil - flashlight. Firstly, make a sample survey of the flashlight in Beijing market and analyze the characteristics and problems of flashlight products. Secondly, explore the use of the flashlight and proposed Flashlight curved grip design to reduce the occurrence of wrist discomfort and damage to the body caused by poor posture of the operation of users. Finally, determine the range of the length and width of the body of the flashlight according to the length and width measurement data of the Chinese palm. Wishing that the improvements of flashlight products in ergonomics can improve use of feelings of these products and give a theoretical guidance for solving similar problems.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.798-802
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• 2011

Purpose: A wart is caused by epidermal infection with the human papilloma virus. Although wart naturally disappears in some cases, it require treatment because of pain, aesthetic problem, and the possibility of malignant change. Conventional non-surgical treatment cannot be a fundamental solution for the pain and has such disadvantages as frequent recurrence and difficulties in achieving a satisfactory outcome. A surgical procedure was performed on patients with wart and the procedure had a good outcome. Methods: We investigated the gender, age, lesion site, mean treatment duration, and presence or absence of recurrence in 21 patients with a wart within the period of January 2007 to July 2011. For local lesions, primary closure, including subcuticular suture after the excision, was performed. If the defect size was too big to do primary closure, we performed rotation flap. For wide multiple lesions, a split thickness skin graft was performed. Results: Among the 21 patients, 12 patients were male and 9 patients were female, and their mean age was 42 years (SD=17.38, range: 11~75 years). The lesion site was the foot in 10 patients, the hand in 8 patients, the face in 2 patients, and the scalp in 1 patient. The mean treatment duration was 13.5 days (SD=4.36, range: 6~15 days) for the primary closure or rotation flap, and 18.5 days (SD=2.12, range: 17~20 days) for the skin graft. 20 patients were cured without recurrence. No recurrence was observed in the patients who underwent primary closure or rotation flap. One of the two patients who underwent a skin graft of their wart that had covered their entire palm had local recurrence in part of her finger tips. Conclusion: We performed surgical procedure on recalcitrant wart. As a results, we can treat it with short treatment duration, low recurrence rate and less scarring and get high patient satisfaction.