• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2007

본 연구는 감귤을 이용하여 산양취가 저감된 산양유 요구르트를 개발하고자 감귤농축액과 감귤향 그리고 과당을 이용하여 산양유 요구르트를 제조하였으며, 제조된 산양유 요구르트의 이화학적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 조사하여 반응표면분석을 이용하여 세 가지 요인이 이화학적 특성 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 도출하고 감귤 산양유 요구르트의 최적 제조조건을 설정하였다. 제조된 산양유 요구르트의 이화학적 특성에 있어서는 감귤농축액의 첨가가 pH, 적색도, 및 황색도에 고도로 유의적인(p<0.01) 영향을 나타내었으며, 관능적 특성에 있어서는 감귤농축액의 첨가가 색에, 과당의 첨가가 전체적인 기호도에 고도로 유의적인(p<0.01) 영향을 나타내었다. 반응표면 분석에 의한 산양취의 최대값은 2.35, 최소값은 1.08로 두배이상 차이가 나타났으며, 산양취를 최소화시키는 배합조건은 감귤농축액 1.44%,감귤향 0.0357%,및 과당 6.91%이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1599-1607
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of pre-slaughter fasting, chasing stress and chiller ageing on objective meat quality, and their relations to the proteome profile of longissimus muscle using 20 male Korean native black pigs. Treatments were composed of two levels of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal, two levels of pre-slaughter stress and four chiller ageing times. A 15 min chasing stress immediately prior to slaughter significantly (p<0.05) decreased detectable levels of $\mu$-calpain activity during rigor development and chiller ageing, but did not have any direct effect on objective meat quality. On the other hand, pigs fed until the morning of slaughter resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher hunter L* value and cooking loss than those which received an 18 h feed withdrawal prior to slaughter. Cooking loss and hunter L* value were constant during 7 d of chiller ageing, followed by significant increases at 14 d. The fed animals showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher hunter a* value at both 3 and 7 d, while the other group maintained a stable redness for 7 d. WB-shear force was not affected by the pre-slaughter treatments, but had significant (p<0.05) linear reduction from 1 to 7 d. A gelbased proteome analysis was performed on selected animals for low and high hunter L* values at 1 d. Ten and five spots had greater than two-fold spot densities for the low and high hunter L* groups, respectively. The ten spots included chain A, deoxyribounclease I complex with actin, heat shock protein 27 kDa, a protein similar to cardiac $Ca^{2+}$ release channel, and myosin heavy chain, while the five spots included chain A aldehyde dehydrogenase, glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin alpha chain. In general, feeding until the morning of slaughter resulted in more desirable meat color, but appeared to reduce palatability due to increased cooking loss. Proteome analysis demonstrated that various proteins were concomitantly involved in the determination of final meat color. The most noticeable observation in the current study was that various isoforms for a particular protein differed in degradation and/or expression rate depending on meat quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1765-1772
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• 2002

Three experiments were conducted to determine the feed processing method best suited for early and conventionallyweaned pigs, and to investigate the effects of different extrusion temperatures on ileal digestibility of amino acids in diets containing different protein sources. In exp.1, a total of 108 pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc; 24 d of age and 7.60 kg average body weight) were alloted on the basis of sex, weight and ancestry to three treatments in a randomized complete block design. Feed processing methods used were mash (M), simple pellet (SP), and expanded pellet (EP). In exp. 2, a total of 96 pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc; 14 d of age) were allotted on the basis of sex, weight, and ancestry to three treatments in a randomized complete block design. Diets were mash (M), expanded pellet (EP), and expanded pellet crumble (EPC). In exp. 3, a study was designed to investigate the effect of different extrusion temperatures (100, 120, and $140^{\circ}C$) over the control (untreated) on the ileal digestibility of amino acids in diets containing protein sources such as spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and fish meal (FM). Results in exp.1 showed that ADG, ADFI and the F/G ratio of pigs fed the SP diet were improved (p<0.05) compared with those fed the M or the EP diets, but the digestibility of nutrients was not different (p>0.05) among the treatments. In exp. 2, pigs fed expanded pellet treatments (EP or EPC) had a significantly improved (p<0.05) F/G ratio compared to the pigs fed the M diet which was primarily attributed to the significant reduction (p<0.05) in ADFI, but the overall growth rate of pigs fed expanded pellet diets was not improved. In exp. 3, there was a significant interaction effect (p<0.05) between the extrusion temperature and protein source on the ileal digestibility of amino acids. With an extrusion temperature of $100^{\circ}C$, the ileal digestibility of Lys, Val, Gly and Ser was significantly lower in the diet containing WPC compared to the diet containing SDPP. Increasing the temperature to $120^{\circ}C$ led to significant differences (p<0.05) in the digestibility of Thr and Tyr between diets containing WPC and SDPP. Regardless of extrusion temperatures, the weaned pigs' diet containing either SDPP or FM had significantly higher Lys, Phe, Thr, Val, and Gly digestibility relative to the WPC diet. Results of the present study suggest that simple pelleting of diets containing protein sources such as whey protein concentrate, spray-dried plasma protein and fish meal would be better than the extruded or expanded pellet diets. Extruder or expander processing of weaned pigs' feed could reduce palatability and ileal digestibility of several amino acids and therefore may be responsible for a negative growth response in weaned pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.366-377
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• 2013

We examined the nutritive value of common grass species in the semi-arid rangelands of Borana in southern Ethiopia using local experience based herbage preference (LEBHP) perception and laboratory techniques. Local pastoralists in the study area were asked to identify common grass species and rank them according to the species' preferences and palatability to cattle. The pastoralists listed a total of 15 common grass species which were then sampled during the main rain and cold dry seasons and analyzed for crude protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and ash content to verify pastoralists' claim regarding the quality of individual species. The relative feed value (RFV) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were also calculated using NDF and ADF contents. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine possible relationships between laboratory results and pastoralists' experience on grass quality. Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aucheri, Digitaria milanjiana, Eragrostis papposa and Panicum maximum were the top five species based on LEBHP perception. There were indications of inconsistency in terms of LEBHP perception among the different pastoral communities. The chemical composition of all grass species showed significant (p<0.05) variation between sites, seasons and species. The results showed that the CP values for the Borana rangelands were in the range of 8.7% in the main rain season to 5.1% for the cold dry season. The fiber constituents were relatively low in the main rain season compared to the cold dry season. Overall, Digitaria milanjiana had the highest CP (16.5%) content, while the least was recorded with Heteropogon contortus (10.8) and Aristida adoensis (9.8%) during the main rain season. It seems that the spatial variability of landscapes within the wider geographical regions, soil properties and texture, and land-use patterns probably contributed to site differences in species quality. Generally, the RFV of individual grass species was significantly (p<0.05) varied between and within sites. The ranking of species by pastoralists according to their preferences by cattle was highly correlated with the chemical composition of laboratory results of individual grass species with 'r' values for CP (0.94), ash (0.95), NDF (-0.98), ADF (-0.93) and ADL (-0.93). We suggest the complimentary use of LEBHP and laboratory techniques in evaluating the nutritive quality of rangeland forage species for sustainable animal production.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1593-1598
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• 2005

본 연구는 제주도에서 대량 폐기되고 있는 온주밀감 부산물을 돼지에게 급여하여 폐기물의 이용 가능성과 기능성 돈육 생산을 위하여 실시하였다. 시료는 온주밀감 부산물을 급여하지 않은 등심육(TP-0), 육성기에 온주밀감 부산물을 3$\%$ 급여한 후 비육기에 5$\%$ 급여한 등심육(TP-1), 그리고 육성기에 6$\%$ 급여한 후 비육기에 10$\%$ 급여한 등심육(TP-2)을 대상으로 제반 영양성분 분석과 관능검사를 행한 결과, 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 시료들 사이에 차이가 없었다. 열량은 TP-1이 높았으며 , 콜레스테를 함량은 온주밀감 부산물 급여량이 증가할수록 낮았다(0 < 0.05) 무기질 중 Na은 TP-2가 낮았으며, 비타민 $B_{1}$ 및 $B_{2}$는 시료들 사이에 차이가 없었다. 총아미노산 함량은 TP-0, TP-1 및 TP-2가 각각 18.86, 20.03 및 20.44$\%$로 처리구간의 유의성은 없었다. 그리고 총유리아미노산 및 포화지방산 불포화지방산의 비율은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 육 및 가열육의 기호성은 온주밀감 부산물 급여에 의한 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.558-567
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate recognition, dietary attitude and education needs for reducing sodium intakes of dietitian at customized home visiting health service (CHVHS). Methods: The subjects were 75 dietitian at CHVHS. We investigated several variables (recognition, dietary attitude, education needs for reducing sodium intakes) and determined sodium intakes level of subjects as 'low', 'middle' and 'high' by Dish Frequency Questionnaire 25 (DFQ 25). Also, we assessed the differences in recognition, dietary attitude, sodium intake level and education needs by dietitian career period (under 3 yrs vs. over 3 yrs) at CHVHS. Results: In recognition related reducing sodium intake, they showed 'checking a sodium content in nutrition labeling' score 2.5/4.0 and 'perception difference between sodium and salt' score 3.1/4.0. There was no difference in the recognition between under 3yrs' group and over 3yrs' group. In dietary attitude related reducing sodium intake, they showed 'palatability for salty taste' score 0.8/1.0, 'attitude in related soups' 0.7/1.0, 'attitude in related using natural spice' 0.6/1.0. There was a difference in 'attitude in related soups' between under 3yrs' group and over 3yrs' group (0.6 vs. 0.7). In sodium intake level by DFQ 25, they showed 'low group' 41.3%, 'middle group' 41.3% and 'high group' 17.3%. There was no difference in the distribution of sodium intake level by the career. In education needs related reducing sodium intakes, there were 'teaching experience' 93.3%, 'have a difficulty in teaching about reducing sodium intakes' 86.6%, and 'necessity of education for CHVHS dietitians' 100.0%. 'Needed education contents for CHVHS dietitians' were ranked as 'cooking way to reduce sodium intake' 58.7%, 'relation between hypertension and sodium' 17.3%, 'composing way to reduce sodium intake' 17.3%. There was a difference in needed education contents 'relationship between hypertension and sodium' (33.3% vs. 2.6%) and 'The cooking way to reduce sodium intake' (38.9% vs. 76.9%) by the career. Conclusions: The results suggested that a capacity training program for reducing sodium intake may be needed for dietitians at CHVHS to improve health of the community elderly. For effective training program related reducing sodium intake for dietitians at CHVHS, it may be necessary to consider the career period as dietitians at CHVHS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.485-490
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding ammoniated wheat straw treated with and without HCl on meat quality and various sensory attributes of growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Due to urea-ammoniation, the CP content of wheat straw increased from 2.90 to 6.96%. The addition of HCl along with urea during urea-ammoniation further increased the CP content to 10.09%. The proximate composition (% fresh basis) of psoas major, longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus were comparable among the groups. However, comparatively higher cumulative muscle mean protein and ash percentage and lower moisture percentage in groups II and III in comparison to group I indicated the desirable effect of feeding AWS and HCl-AWS. The cumulative muscle mean pH in group III (5.54) was comparatively lower than group I (5.65) and II (5.62). The cumulative group mean pH and water holding capacity (% water retained) in semitendinosus was comparatively lower than psoas major and longissimus dorsi. The cumulative muscle mean SSP (g%) was significantly (p<0.05) lower in group III (41.78) than group I (42.45). The cumulative group mean cooking loss (%) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in psoas major (31.61) and longissimus dorsi (29.78) than semitendinosus (35.10). The cumulative group mean SFV (kg/$cm^{2}$) of psoas major, longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus were 6.38, 6.32 and 6.56, respectively, being lowest in psoas major and highest in semitendinosus. However, the cumulative muscle mean SFV (kg/$cm^{2}$) in group I, II and III were 6.53, 6.56 and 6.17, respectively, being lowest in group III and highest in group II. The scores of the cooked (2% common salt) buffen for various sensory attributes viz. appearance, flavour, juiciness, texture, mouth coating and overall palatability were comparable among the groups. Results suggested that feeding of ammoniated wheat straw treated with and without HCl to growing male buffalo calves for 180 days had no adverse effect on the meat quality and various sensory attributes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2012

강원도 조생종 쌀의 품질을 높이는 재배기술 개발을 목표로 강원도농업기술원 벼 시험포장에서 2년간 연구한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 2010년 운광벼 쌀 수량은 5월 10일 이앙시 높았고, 이앙기가 늦어질수록 감소되었지만, 백미 완전미율은 이앙기가 늦어질수록 높아져서 완전미수량은 이앙기간에 차이가 적었다. 2. 2011년 운광벼는 6월 10일 이앙시 등숙율과 천립중 증가로 인하여 수량이 증가되어 재식거리와 재식본수 효과가 뚜렷이 나타나지 않았으나 $30{\times}13cm$-5본 이앙구에서 가장 많은 경향을 보였다. 3. 오래벼는 6월 10일 관행 재식거리와 본수로 이앙시 수량이 적어졌으나 $30{\times}13cm$-5본 이앙구에서는 $m^2$당 이삭수와 입수가 증가되어 관행재배법보다 5% 증수되었다. 4. 운광벼, 오래벼 모두 6월 10일에 이앙구에서 5월 25일 이앙구보다 등숙온도가 낮아져서 완전미율과 도요식 미치가 증가되는 등 품질이 크게 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 5. 본 연구결과를 응용하여 평야지 이외의 지역에서도 등숙온도가 $22^{\circ}C$에 가깝도록 이앙기를 늦추면서 재식거리를 좁히고 주당본수를 늘린다면 조생종 쌀 수량을 떨어뜨리지 않으면서 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2014

본 연구는 국내에서 육성되어 발아현미용으로 농가에 보급되고 있는 큰눈벼와 삼광벼의 발아현미 제품에 대하여 1~5 mm로 구분하여 발아싹을 틔운 다음 발아전의 일반현미와 싹길이에 따른 품질변화 양상을 구명할 목적으로 수행하였다. 일반성분인 단백질함량의 경우는 발아전 현미에 비하여 발아후의 싹길이에 따라서 약간 증가추세를 보였으나, 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았으며, 아밀로스의 경우 큰눈벼는 15~16%, 삼광벼는 17~18% 범위에서 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 아울러 큰눈벼와 삼광벼 모두 발아과정에서 물리화학적 반응이 나타나 조직이 물러지고 호화가 진전되어 RVA로 측정한 결과, 호화점도 급격하게 낮아져 발아현미의 물성이 개선되어 밥맛을 향상되는 결과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 특히 밥맛과 관련이 깊은 치반점도(Setback)가 더욱 낮아지는 현상이 나타나 발아현미를 가공하게 되면 안정적으로 식감(밥맛)이 좋아지고 밥의 노화가 지연되어 밥맛이 오래 유지되는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나 싹길이가 1 mm정도 신장된 발아현미의 호화점도 변화양상과 싹이 2~5 mm 이상 신장된 발아현미와의 호화점도 변화양상 차이가 없었다. GABA함량도 큰눈벼는 발아과정에서 3배 이상 증가되는 결과를 얻었으며, 삼광벼의 경우는 발아전 일반현미에서는 GABA함량의 활성이 나타나지 않아 $0.005{\mu}g/g$ 이었는데 발아현미에서는 $0.2428~0.2475{\mu}g/g$로 약 50배정도 명료하게 증가되었다. 발아현미의 경도는 발아전의 일반현미에 비하여 발아현미는 유의적으로 낮아졌으나, 싹길이가 2 mm 이상에서는 낮아지는 경향이 두드러지지 않았다. 결론적으로 발아현미를 가공할 때 싹길이는 2 mm 이하로 최대한 억제하면서 내부성분을 최대한 증가시키는 가공방법을 채택하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2011

귀리는 단기 다수성 작물로서 잎의 비율이 높을 뿐만 아니라 가축의 기호성도 양호하며 다른 총체맥류에 비하여 파종시기의 선택폭이 넓다. 따라서 본 시험은 내한성이 강하여 중부 지방에서도 월동이 가능한 귀리 3품종과 옥수수 뒷그루 재배에 알맞은 3품종에 대하여 10월 중순 가을 파종과 3월 상순 봄 파종시 생육, 수량 및 사료가치를 비교하고자 실시하였다. 출수기는 봄 파종시 가을 파종에 비하여 평균 12일 늦었고, 품종간에는 약 8일의 차이가 있었다. 봄 파종은 가을 파종에 비하여 이삭과 잎의 비율이 감소하고 줄기가 차지하는 비율이 증가되는 경향이었다. 품종별로는 동한귀리가 다른 품종에 비하여 이삭의 비율이 높고 줄기의 비율이 낮은 경향이었다. ADF 함량은 봄파종에서 높았고, NDF 함량과 가소화 건물 함량은 가을파종에서 높았다. 가소화 건물함량은 가을 파종시 동한귀리와 스완에서, 봄 파종에서는 삼한귀리가 높았다. 삼한, 동한, 조한귀리 3품종의 생초수량이 가을 파종이 봄 파종에 비하여 높았으나 건물수량은 비슷한 경향이었다. 스완, 다크호스, 하이스피드는 봄 파종이 가을 파종에 비하여 생초수량 및 건물수량이 월등히 높았다. 품종별로는 가을 파종과 봄 파종 모두 동한귀리가 건물수량과 가소화 건물수량이 높았는데, 이는 상대적으로 많은 이삭수의 확보와 이삭이 차지하는 비율이 높았기 때문이었다.